1006G[Redemption]第二轮第一次作业【教育类】

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第一小组：
第一次作业：

主题：教育类
高频前60：

130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."

50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."

153"Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."

51"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."

112"Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."

5、"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."

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素材汇总楼

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after17UID: 2681985

第一次作业：
主题：教育类
高频前60：
130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."


提纲
1.
基本否定观点。孩子的社会化对社会来说确实很重要，但是不表示决定社会的命运。并且在一些情况下我们能够很好的教育孩子
2.
指出社会化的重要性。现在很多孩子注重个性，而不注重合作。而当今社会的一个重要主题就是学会合作。有些孩子的社会责任感差，导致自私，不愿意帮助别人
3.
除了社会化还有很多东西可以影响社会的未来。（1）比如诚实，坚毅等品格。Eg,周恩来坚持自己的梦想最终使中国胜利。（2） 同样创新也将导致社会进步。Eg 电脑的发明大大加快了社会发展
4.
大多数家长都很重视孩子的教育问题。他们经过不断地实践，能够培养出很优秀的孩子。他们给孩子传输勇敢，不断专研，等思想。他们同样鼓励孩子们参加社会活动，如当志愿者，
5.
所以否定该观点

50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."

提纲
1.
基本否定该观点。让教师去外面工作应该分情况而定。实践性的学科可以，而纯理论的东西没必要
2.
在实践性的学科中教师出去工作，可以丰富教学内容使得上课和实践联系的更紧密。也为学生找工作等提供了优势。Eg 人资的老师出去工作~
3.
但是纯理论性的学科没必要去。因为这些课程和实际联系不紧密。更重要的是这样会分散教师的精力，使得他们没有时间专注自己的课题。并且这些学科更加注重理论成果。
4.
有些教师被外面所提供的高额工资迷惑，把工作中心转移至外面的工作。导致教学质量下降。
5.
所以不同意观点

153"Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."

提纲
1.
基本同意该观点。有怀疑才会有进步
2.
在科学的领域只有怀疑才能够推翻旧的理论，从而得到正确的理论。Eg 哥白尼的日心说
3.
学生在学习新的知识中不断质疑才会把知识掌握的更牢。同样能够对所学的知识有更深的理解。为在此基础上创新打下基础
4.
过分的质疑将会导致社会混乱。（这里具体没想好咋论述）
5.
所以同意该观点

51"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."


提纲
1.
不同意，每个学生的需要不相同，不可能满足每个学生。并且有些课程学生不喜欢但是又有开的必要
2.
确实兴趣是最好的老师，学生有兴趣的话学起来更加轻松。因而取得成就的可能性越大. Eg 举生活中的例子（XX因为对某门课感兴趣，后来获得全国大奖）
3.
但是一方面学校资源有限，不能满足所有学生的要求。另一方面，有些学生不喜欢物理，或者文学，但是这些课程不能不开。学生对自己的需要有时候不能很好的理解。再者，某些道德教育课（Moral education courses）是每个学校都必须开的。目的是培养正确的道德观。
4.
教育应该在注重学生兴趣的同时添加一些必要课程。学生也应该学习除了兴趣之外的东西把自己培养成复合型人才（with complexity of knowledge）。
5.
所以不同意

112"Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."

提纲
1.
同意该观点。现代社会需要全面型（full-scale talents）的人才。因此教育还应该注重学生感情的培养（emotional eqotient）
2.
Reasoning and logical thinking的重要性。对自然科学的总要性。Eg 反例，如果哥白尼没有逻辑思维，他不可能发现日心说
3.
而情感的教育同样重要。情商教育有助于丰富人的性格，提高人的道德层次。同样有利于兴趣的培养。因而能够促进自然科学的发展。
4.
一个人如果不能很好的调节自己的情绪，那么他便会受制于自己的负面情绪slave to negative emotion。从而影响学习工作和生活。甚至危害社会。Eg 维吉尼亚大学枪击事件
5.
教育应该在逻辑思维和情商教育里找到平衡（on balance）逻辑思维使得我们能够更好的学习知识。情商使我们更好的生活。

5、"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."
提纲
1.
国家制定与地方制定相结合。
2.
国家制定可以消除差异，使得大学利于教学。因为学生处于同一水平。Eg 反例。没有统一课表使得教学混乱
3.
统一课表能够提供更广的视角和范围。因为全国专家一起制定课表。同时统一课表还可以节省花费。全国只需一套课表，不用各地在制定
4.
统一课表不能考虑不同地方的差异，师资等条件。EG有些穷的地方根本买不起电脑，却要开设电脑课。
5.
所以应该全国与地方相结合。全国制定一些基本课程，比如语言，数学，历史等。地方制定符合自己的课程。

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                         有些没弄好的明天补全


（一）提纲








（二）教育类素材整理




一．观点及论述

1. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.
2. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have
the will and the intelligence to create our own destiny.
3. The most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the
individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is to ornamentation and decoration of the structure.
4. Throughout the nation and history, it has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity and preparing new generations of citizens in society.
5. The school’s job is to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information.
6. Life skills---logical thinking, analysis, creative problem solving.
7. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities, that supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc.
8. Education should aim at improvement of both one’s morals and faculties.
9. I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure.
10. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be not only healthy, happy, and successful, but decent strong and good. None of these happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. . It takes careful attention.
11. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics –an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field.
12. Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be the prisoners of their parents’ dreams and the classmates’ fears. They must be jolt into believing in themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.
13. There is no one “right way” to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point, and bound for a different destination.
14. Adaptability and lifelong learning are the cornerstones of success in today’s complex and rapidly changing society. No longer can the person who is steeped in one academic discipline, but knows nothing about any thing else, meet today’s demands.
15. The time has come to rethink what education really is and how it relates to the functions of society. Perhaps what a liberal education does to an individual, which is more important than anything else, is to prepare him for more learning. The liberal arts background equips one with thinking skills, coupled with the desire to learn, are the best preparation for career and life that any of us can possess.
16. But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not inserting the stuffings of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the drawing out of what is in the mind.
17. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within.
18. Training is intended primarily for the service of society; education is primarily for the individual. Education is for the improvement of the individual, it also serves society by providing a leavening of men of understanding, of perception, and wisdom. They are our intellectual leaders, the critics of our culture, the defenders of our free traditions, and the instigators of our progress.
19.
可以用做开头
As greater numbers of Americans enrolled in schools during the 20th century, education became a powerful social and economic force.
20. 孩子的社会化
Socializing in middle childhood requires considerable social understanding and self-awareness, especially when conflict occurs. Older children can negotiate, bargain, cajole, compromise, and redirect conflict—such as through humor—in ways that reflect developing psychological understanding and social maturity.
二．例子
1. 麦迪逊的理论
Madison once wrote that, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share that we should want all students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of a country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith.

2.计算机与教育
Computers enhance a student’s learning experience in many ways. First of all, the computer has the ability to accommodate individual difference in learning speed because the user (the student) is the one who controls the pace of the lessons. In addition, the learner does not have to be afraid of reprisal or humiliation when making errors. A third advantage of computer assisted instruction is that a computer can give a student immediate feed back.

Computer can make the teacher’s job easier. One advantage lies in the preparation of instructional materials. In addition, the computer offers numerous advantages to teachers in managing their classrooms. Finally, computer can help teachers keep student records and chart student progress, thereby cutting down on time-consuming paperwork.

3．马克思说过：实践是检验真理的唯一标准
A word said by Marx goes that:” Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.”

4. 各种学科的特点：
工程类学科：工程经验与设计理念的关系
Civil engineering: engineering experience improves and innovates the ideas of architectural design
建筑学：学到建筑理念之后需要通过课外实践建立自己的风格
Architecture：after learning the Conception of Plan and Design of building, we need form our own style from the practice outside the class

数学：学习数学有助于提高逻辑思维能力
Study maths is helpful to improve the abstract logical thinking ability  
经济学：经济学需要逻辑思维能力
数学与经济学：数学对经济学影响很深

生物学：克隆技术cloning technique
Cloning in biology is the process of producing populations of genetically identical individuals
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms
天文学：astronomy  
The cosmos 宇宙
Heavenly body 天体
心理学：psychology  
潜意识subconsciousness
对人情感的研究research on people’s emotions like Joy· Anger· Grief· Pleasure
5.人物及其有关教育的事迹

BILL GATES: 为了追求自己的事业而退学，放弃学习一些与自己追求无关的东西

个人简介：an American business magnate, philanthropist, and chairman[3] of Microsoft
He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people[4] and the wealthiest overall as of 2009
Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution
高中时候的事迹in the Lakeside School ，Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC and was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code perfectly
从哈弗大学退学He did not have a definite study plan while a student at Harvard and spent a lot of time using the school's computers.
Gates took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with Allen at MITS in Albuquerque in November 1975


Jane Goodall:执着于自己的兴趣爱好并用毕生的心血研究和学习

Goodall is best known for her study of chimpanzee social and family life. She began studying the Kasakela chimpanzee community in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania in 1960. Goodall was instrumental in the study of social learning, primate cognition, thinking and culture in wild chimpanzees One of Goodall's major break-throughs in the field of primatology was the discovery of tool-making among chimpanzees during her study.
创立了慈善组织found the Roots & Shoots, a charitable organization which currently has over 10,000 groups in over 100 countries
荣誉：v In April 2002, Secretary-General Kofi Annan named Dr. Goodall a United Nations Messenger of Peace.
BILL CLINTON:既追求自己的理想和兴趣又为社会大众谋利
克林顿对美国经济发展所做的贡献是非常巨大的
Clinton was described as a New Democrat and was largely known for the Third Way philosophy of governance that came to epitomize his two terms as president. His policies, on issues such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and welfare reform, have been described as centrist. Clinton presided over the longest period of peace-time economic expansion in American history, which included a balanced budget and a federal surplus


Van Gogh:为了追求理想追求兴趣不考虑经济需求，落魄潦倒但坚持梦想

Expressionism 印象主义
Early abstraction 早期抽象主义
Had little success during his lifetime
Sunflower 向日葵
The Red Vineyard 红色的葡萄园
(the only painting he sold during his lifetime)
Live in starvation and exposure生活潦倒
作品不被contemporary society认同，但后世给予了极高的肯定。可用于greatest artists are out of step of contemporary society

Einstein爱因斯坦喜欢拉小提琴，说明艺术陶冶情操也有助于本专业科学研究
Einstein played the violin and liked to play duets

达芬奇Da Vinci
即是科学家也是艺术家，他对人体解剖anatomy的深入了解，才使得他的油画十分优美，传神。








（三）个人习作




（四）参考文献