进军美利坚tpo阅读疑难解答帖

反衬UID: 2328867

Paragraph 3: The most influential proponent of the coastal migration route has been Canadian archaeologist Knut Fladmark. He theorized that with the use of watercraft, people gradually colonized unglaciated refuges and areas along the continental shelf exposed by the lower sea level. Fladmark's hypothesis received additional support from the fact that the greatest diversity in Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.
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6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways to leave out essential information. # _* \) y2 b2 z4 t% R
○Because this region has been settled the longest, it also displays the greatest diversity in Native American languages.0 L4 h3 q+ g8 Q- G
○Fladmark's hypothesis states that the west coast of the Americas has been settled longer than any other region.' G* W& U+ }5 N4 I7 r# x
○The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans lends strength to Fradmark's hypothesis" v. x% E* Q4 {; N* y
○According to Fladmark, Native American languages have survived the longest along the west coast of the Americas. / D, P$ l7 ?4 p! J8 ~4 B
这个C怎么会是对的啊" h2 R1 Z5 l, o1 N: d0 W) S
明明就没有提及the region has been settled the longest...Cheryll 发表于 2010-9-11 15:46

这种题目一定要搞清楚题目要求。答案只要表达出关键信息即可。次要信息省略也是可以的。
这种题目要比照的不是全部信息，而是句子的关键逻辑和主干。
如果把原文的主干提取出来，其实就是“hypothesis received support from the fact that ”
第一个是因果关系，主干是displays
第二个是states，后面有一个比较关系
第三个是the fact lends strength to hypothesis。有点接近原文。语序反了。
第四个是 languages have survived.
就只能选第三个了。

原文的suggesting那一堆是一个状语。删掉也无关痛痒。

susuninoUID: 2718667

509# rysf
原文提到他们是带着很少的东西到处游荡~
那个few是指他们的possession少

lonly2005UID: 2903092

510# 反衬


多谢楼主的解答！

lonly2005UID: 2903092

继续请教
TPO14 Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia 的第9题

Paragraph 4: Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry). So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor. Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. lnequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.

9 According to paragraph 4, the fact that pastoralist communities are subject to “strict rules of portability” encourages such communities to
○ relocate less frequently than they would otherwise
○ have households that are more or less equal in wealth
○ become self-sufficient in the manufacture of silk and jewelry
○ share large material surpluses with neighboring communities

根据题目定位到本段的第一句，觉得没有答案，接着往下看，但似乎越看越模糊
不知道答案的B是从哪里得出的

文中有“Inequalities of wealth”的字样，为什么还会选B呢

10 According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of social inequality in pastoralist societies EXCEPT:
○ It exists and has existed to some degree in most pastoral societies.
○ It is most marked during periods of military conquest.
○ It is expressed in the form of a rigid hierarchy based largely on heredity.
○ It is usually too insignificant to be discussed in terms of class differences.

此题不懂，为什么答案选C。我原来选的是B。
因为看到文中这句话"Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest,"就直接选了B......



请楼主和哪位高人帮忙分析一下吧。

多谢！

反衬UID: 2328867

GEOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE(OG)

GEOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE(OG)& D( N7 M- z$ A# P9 ]" E5 h+ d# i# x, [
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第八题& I) p( j7 Z8 d5 Z; v0 H

指代题. q% N9 ?0 _" w8 v1 u# w  C

Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris.. j8 R) n) O) s' K
the word them in the passage refers to5 E: a4 E+ g8 O
○Cold areas1 ]3 J" k4 O7 F
○Masses of ice
○Valleys
○Rock debris( ^3 {. H1 C/ p$ \
( i1 H+ y- u, L9 E
答案是masses of ice
我选valleys。。。怎么也没明白。。。晕了
heycd 发表于 2010-9-15 13:49

代入检查，看意思。with很明显是跟随嘛。一个东西动，带着另外一个东西，那两个都要动才行啊。能动的就只有masses of ice了

反衬UID: 2328867

继续请教
继续请教
TPO14 Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia 的第9题: A- y4 G9 g! }4 |& L

Paragraph 4: Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry). So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor. Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. lnequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.
According to paragraph 4, the fact that pastoralist communities are subject to “strict rules of portability” encourages such communities to/ ?: ~8 E; \0 [  k- L
○ relocate less frequently than they would otherwise
○ have households that are more or less equal in wealth
○ become self-sufficient in the manufacture of silk and jewelry 8 q5 X5 |& ~5 S7 {* Y5 t
○ share large material surpluses with neighboring communities 4 p' @) f# x' S; ~* D
( A/ z) f9 w2 T2 g6 P8 m
根据题目定位到本段的第一句，觉得没有答案，接着往下看，但似乎越看越模糊1 u" n# \' q5 m1 A/ a
不知道答案的B是从哪里得出的
文中有“Inequalities of wealth”的字样，为什么还会选B呢9 x, S2 S- b8 j3 y$
lonly2005 发表于 2010-9-15 13:32

根据题目定位到第一句，第一句没有答案，那就看第二句咯。
问题是第二句什么单词告诉你和上一句的关系呢？ 就是那个Such。
所以你把such后面的文字读完了，就得到B了
Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households
limit variations= more or less equal.

文中有“Inequalities of wealth”，但是后面那是转折啊。转折之后说的文字就明显说这种现象不是主流。
文中有“Inequalities of wealth”

反衬UID: 2328867

10 According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of social inequality in pastoralist societies EXCEPT:# k- x8 {7 \% g" ?/ X
○ It exists and has existed to some degree in most pastoral societies.
○ It is most marked during periods of military conquest.
○ It is expressed in the form of a rigid hierarchy based largely on heredity.; h7 Q. |  E4 c% g3 L0 J0 q
○ It is usually too insignificant to be discussed in terms of class differences.

此题不懂，为什么答案选C。我原来选的是B。; r! ^! D, P6 L/ n' Q$ B+ D
因为看到文中这句话"Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest,"就直接选了B......4 j: U4 W# j2 g3 g5 w
|: C  O- L7 K
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请楼主和哪位高人帮忙分析一下吧。% k9 `3 }3 K- x4 k: n( `% W  c9 u

多谢！lonly2005 发表于 2010-9-15 13:32

这道题目选的是错项，不是正确答案啊！。是EXCEPT题！！

这道题目已经回答过了，请看索引版
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1151438&page=1&extra=

melodyfeelingsUID: 2855338

TOP4

2. It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter condit ions   
   Cause some deer to hibernate   
   Make food unavailable in the highlands for deer   
   Make it easier for deer to locate understory plants   
   Prevent deer from migrating during the winter
原文：One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.
我怎么看都是小鹿从high-elevation browse areas迁到the lowland areas过冬啊。。。

求高人解释。。TT

melodyfeelingsUID: 2855338

TPO4
第一篇
最后一题（原文木有贴）
A. The balance of deer  species in the Puget  Sound region has changed over time, with the Columbian white-tailed deer now outnumbering other types of deer.   
B. Deer populat ions naturally fluctuate, but  early settlers in the Puget  Sound environment caused an
overall decline in the deer populat ions of the areas at that time.   
C. In the long term, black-tai led deer in the Puget  Sound area have benefitted from human activities through the elimination of their natural predators, and more and better food in deforested areas.   
D. Because Puget Sound deer migrate; it was and still remains difficult to determine accurately how many
deer are living at  any one time the western United States.   
E. Although it was believed that human settlement of American West would cause the total number of deer to decrease permanently, the opposite has occurred for certain types of deer.   
F. Wildlife biologists have long been concerned that the loss of forests may create nutritional deficiencies for deer.
答案是BCE 我选的ABE 而且B还不是很确定。。

要是有好心人正好做过还记得的。。求帮助~

寻梦季节UID: 2869161

请问下，这都题的第四个为什么不选呢？是句子的内容不对还是和上面这句中心句没有关系呢？
Experiments have shed much light on the begging behaviors of baby songbirds
●
●
●
Answer Choices
○ Songbird species that are especially vulnerable to predators have evolved ways of reducing the dangers associated with begging calls.
○ Songbird parents focus their feeding effort on the nestlings that beg loudest for food.
○ It is genetically disadvantageous for nestlings to behave as if they are really hungry when they are not really hungry.
○ The begging calls of songbird nestlings provide a good example of overly damaging cost to signalers of signaling.
○ The success with which songbird nestlings communicate their hunger to their parents is dependent on the frequencies of the nestlings' begging calls.
○ Songbird nestlings have evolved several different ways to communicate the intensity of their hunger to their parents.

反衬UID: 2328867

TOP4" l/ M! ~! I* ]

2. It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter condit ions   
Cause some deer to hibernate   
   Make food unavailable in the highlands for deer   
Make it easier for deer to locate understory plants  
   Prevent deer from migrating during the winter
原文：One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.
我怎么看都是小鹿从high-elevation browse areas迁到the lowland areas过冬啊。。。

求高人解释。。TT

...
melodyfeelings 发表于 2010-9-16 09:31

这道题选B。C是错的

rysfUID: 2514937

谢谢~~~我明白了 非常感谢！ 512# susunino

寻梦季节UID: 2869161

TPO 11 第三篇
请问下，这都题的第四个为什么不选呢？是句子的内容不对还是和上面这句中心句没有关系呢？
TPO11
Experiments have shed much light on the begging behaviors of baby songbirds
●
●
●
Answer Choices
○ Songbird species that are especially vulnerable to predators have evolved ways of reducing the dangers associated with begging calls.
○ Songbird parents focus their feeding effort on the nestlings that beg loudest for food.
○ It is genetically disadvantageous for nestlings to behave as if they are really hungry when they are not really hungry.
○ The begging calls of songbird nestlings provide a good example of overly damaging cost to signalers of signaling.
○ The success with which songbird nestlings communicate their hunger to their parents is dependent on the frequencies of the nestlings' begging calls.
○ Songbird nestlings have evolved several different ways to communicate the intensity of their hunger to their parents.

lonly2005UID: 2903092

请问楼主 TPO1戏剧起源的第九题

In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater. Why did theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.

9. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?
○The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.
○The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.
○The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.
○The author points out problems with two popular theories.

做过两次了 都是错在同一个地方 就是在选项1和4之间徘徊 为什么正确答案给的1呢

谢谢回答！