进军美利坚tpo阅读疑难解答帖

robertxjUID: 2645881

提问tpo9 The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawall
2. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the fungi in lichens benefit from their symbiotic relationship with algae in what way?
… The algae help the fungi meet some of their energy needs.   
… The algae protect the fungi from the Sun's radiation.
… The algae provide the fungi with greater space for absorbing water.
… The fungi produce less waste in the presence of algae.

为什么选1不选4呢

还有12题
12. According to the passage, which of the following characteristics do spores and seeds have in common
…   They may be surrounded by several layers of covering
…   They are produced by flowering plants.
…   They may be spread by wind.
…   They are able to grow in barren soils.
这个3是怎么选出来的啊。。。

liujin_vivianUID: 2394299

6、香料增值？原文没提过。可以从原文分析出，在欧洲，它那么流行的原因就是欧洲不产香料。

14、第二个属于minor idea，第一个虽然也提到香料，但重点是说海上运输需要商品的大量运输才能赚到钱（这是第二段的要点）。

背景补充：

在14、15世纪的时候，保存食物的方法主要是依赖香料，因为当时没有冰箱。

所以欧洲人对于香料的需求十分急迫，香料在欧洲市场的价格也达到了前所未有的高度。

但是，利润丰厚的香料贸易，先是被阿拉伯商人垄断，接着，商路又被突然崛起的奥斯曼土耳其帝国阻断。

欧洲急于摆脱困境，在陆地上的军事突围失败之后，开始到海洋寻求出路。

航海发现是首先在葡萄牙作为国家计划的，通过二十多年理论和实践的探索，葡萄牙人终于向南出发了。

随着葡萄牙人沿着非洲西海岸，一路向南，源源不断的黄金、象牙以及非洲胡椒涌入里斯本，充满了葡萄牙的国库。

在坚船利炮的猛烈攻击下，一个个海上交通战略要点相继成为葡萄牙的囊中之物，正是利用从大西洋到印度洋的50多个据点，葡萄牙垄断了半个地球的商船航线。

在16世纪初的前五年中，葡萄牙的香料交易量从22万英镑迅速上升到230万英镑，成为当时的海上贸易第一强国。

香料，英文一般用spice，指称范围不同，主要指胡椒、丁香、肉豆蔻、肉桂等有芳香气味或防腐功能的热带植物。

具有令人愉快的芳香气味，能用于调配香精的化合物或混合物。

按其来源有天然香料和合成香料按其用途有日用化学品用香料、食用香料和烟草香料之分。

在化学工业中，全合成香料是作为精细化学品组织生产的。

sw236236UID: 2884027

问一下top1中地下水那篇文章的最后一题
Much of the ground is actually saturated with water.
●
●
●
Answer choices
○Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and streams.
○Water is stored underground in beds of loose sand and gravel or in cemented sediment.
○The size of a saturated rock’s pores determines how much water it will retain when the rock is
put in a dry place.
○Groundwater often remains underground for a long time before it emerges again.
○Like sandstone, basalt is a crystalline rock that is very porous.
○Beds of unconsolidated sediments are typically located at inland sites that were once
underwater.

最后一个选项为什么不对？我怎么看都觉得它很好的总结了文章前几段

电大的UID: 2946979

原创的人都不来这里了啊

cyanidinUID: 2897934

M~~

lihan96163UID: 2810524

人呢？？？

cyanidinUID: 2897934

问几个问题。
第一个是TPO8 恐龙的灭绝的那个～

第八题看了解答以后还是不明白。

求牛人解答～～～

momosueUID: 2671209

Paragraph 2 Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous―perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed.

6. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:
 They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.
 They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.
 They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.
 They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.
分析下c，d选项，怎么正确，怎么错误，答案选c



Paragraph 3 Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early Period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta―a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expenses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin’s rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.
7. All of the following questions about geological features on Mars are answered in paragraph 3 EXCEPT:
 What are some regions of Mars that may have once been covered with an ocean?
 Where do mission scientists believe that the river forming the delta emptied?
 Approximately how many craters on Mars do mission scientists believe may once have been lakes filled with water?
 During what period of Mars’ history do some scientists think it may have had large bodies of water?
请分析下这个题目
非常感谢

shichuan1007UID: 2783922

TPO 9 的第二篇：

Paragraph 3: Wildman and Niles observed that systematic reflection on teaching required a
sound ability to understand classroom events in an objective manner. They describe the initial understanding in the teachers with whom they were working as being "utilitarian... and not rich or detailed enough to drive systematic reflection." Teachers rarely have the time or opportunities to view their own or the teaching of others in an objective manner. Further observation revealed the tendency of teachers to evaluate events rather than review the contributory factors in a considered manner by, in effect, standing outside the situation.

7. According to paragraph 3, what did the teachers working with Wildman and Niles often fail
to do when they attempted to practice reflection?
○Correctly calculate the amount of time needed for reflection
○Provide sufficiently detailed descriptions of the methods they used to help them reflect
○Examine thoughtfully the possible causes of events in their classrooms
○Establish realistic goals for themselves in practicing reflection

请问从哪里可以看出是classroom？我定位在not 和 rarely这两处（C）

Paragraph 6: The work of Wildman and Niles suggests the importance of recognizing some of the difficulties of instituting reflective practice. Others have noted this, making a similar point about the teaching profession's cultural inhibitions about reflective practice. Zeichner and Liston (1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher as a (reflective) professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher as a technician, putting into practice the ideas of others. More basic than the cultural issues is the matter of motivation. Becoming a reflective practitioner requires extra work (Jaworski, 1993) and has only vaguely defined goals with, perhaps, little initially perceivable reward and the threat of vulnerability. Few have directly questioned what might lead a teacher to want to become reflective. Apparently, the most obvious reason for teachers to work toward reflective practice is that teacher educators think it is a good thing. There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect-for example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.

10. According to paragraph 6, teachers may be discouraged from reflecting because
○it is not generally supported by teacher educators
○the benefits of reflection may not be apparent immediately
○it is impossible to teach and reflect on one's teaching at the same time
○they have often failed in their attempts to become reflective practitioners

这题我找不到原文中和discourage定位的点。。。

这篇文章整体做起来都很差。。。就算翻译出来了也看不大懂，恳请楼主赐教~

野豌豆UID: 2738317

这帖子很好，如果能按TPo的顺序整理整理就好了~支持一个！

yishanchengUID: 2894733

TPO15  的一道题  谢谢啊！欢迎解答.

vivianhoUID: 2523273

看得我眼好花呀!!!

clownfish0625UID: 3006427

对此我是这么理解的~~要插入的句子提到了人类造成的damage和自然造成的damage的比较。虽然第一个空后面那句话提到了人类对climax communities的损害很严重，但是缺少比较。而第二个空后面恰恰体现出了二者相比，nature damage黯然失色的这层比较关系，即对需要插入的那句话的举例解释，不知这样解释可否？
571# gaogayle

clownfish0625UID: 3006427

貌似现在回有点没有时效性~~纯粹为方便后世整理者~~这句话的意思是那些意图保护水资源的农民的incentive会降低，降低的原因是隔壁的农民他们不保护水资源，依然种很浪费水的作物，获取高额利润。那么等于说保护水的农民在为不保护水的农民买单，所以他们就不那么愿意保护水资源了~~D原文都没有提到呢，根据常识发散思维是很容易错的，PS：这里的knowledge不是知识的意思，而是了解知道，也许是这个词造成理解有误吧~~ 561# zenglingyuan