Argument207 求修改

nijiaqinUID: 2856025

题目：ARGUMENT207 - It is known that in recent years, industrial pollution has caused the Earth's ozone layer to thin, allowing an increase in the amount of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. At the same time, scientists have discovered, the population of a species of salamander that lays its eggs in mountain lakes has declined. Since ultraviolet radiation is known to be damaging to delicate tissues and since salamander eggs have no protective shells, it must be the case that the increase in ultraviolet radiation has damaged many salamander eggs and prevented them from hatching. This process will no doubt cause population declines in other species, just as it has in the salamander species.


In this argument, the arguer draws a conclusion that the increase in ultraviolet radiation results in a species of salamander lays fewer eggs in mountain lakes, and the quantity of all the other animals will decline too. A careful examination of this argument, however, reveals how groundless the conclusion is.

To begin with, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. There exist many other factors that possibly result in the raise of ultraviolet radiation. For example, it's quite possible that the activity of sun is much more violent than ever before these years, what should also be taken into account. The subjective intention makes the arguer overlooks some potential possibilities that might bring on great mistake.

Additionally, the evidence provided in this argument is not adequate to validate the assumption that the decline of the salamanders' eggs in mountain lakes is because the increase in the amount of ultraviolet radiation.
Some other factors such as the emigration of the species or the immigration of an avalanche of nature enemies of salamander, even the deterioration of climate and environment can also lead to a similar result.

Last but not least, the problem of this argument is that it is based on a fallacy of false analogy.
The author only emphasizes ultraviolet radiation can damage some delicate tissues such as the eggs of salamander, but he neglects a significant fact that some other species such as mammals never have a period of eggs in their whole lives. What's more, there exists a world of difference between diversified kinds of animals. Even though the explanation is correct for the decrease of the numbers of salamander, there is no point to claim such theory would also be suitable for other species.

As it stands, this argument is not well reasoned. The arguer is supposed to provide sufficient evidence details to solidify the claim that the reason why the species of salamander lays fewer eggs in mountain lakes is the increase the sum of ultraviolet radiation, and such incident will soon happen in other creatures undoubtedly.

zhangjunzjUID: 2658970

论据不够充分，在论证和反驳的时候在具体些，针对某一逻辑漏洞具体进行论证，深入论证，论据不在于多，在于精