Definitely, a victory 小组第5次作业 Argument 207 By11号kirk

kirk1988UID: 2416089

207It is known that in recent years, industrial pollution has caused the Earth's ozone layer to thin, allowing an increase in the amount of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. At the same time, scientists have discovered, the population of a species of salamander that lays its eggs in mountain lakes has declined. Since ultraviolet radiation is known to be damaging to delicate tissues and since salamander eggs have no protective shells, it must be the case that the increase in ultraviolet radiation has damaged many salamander eggs and prevented them from hatching. This process will no doubt cause population declines in other species, just as it has in the salamander species.

In this argument, the author asserts that the increasing ultraviolet radiation caused by the industrial pollution which directly leads the Earth’s ozone to thin declines the population of the
salamander conspiciously, and these effects will also be imposed on other species. To prove his perspective, the author pinpoints that the lack of protective shell is the reason inducing salamander’s eggs exposed in air and easily damaged by the ultraviolet radiation. These eggs eventually fail to be hatched and result in the decreasing population. The argument exists several serious logical problems, which renders it unconvincing.

Firstly and foremost, the author only mentions the number in salarmander in mountian lakes is declining, but makes no demonstrations about the salarmanders in other circumstances. To some extent, the salarmanders in some other environment, to the contrary, may proliferate. So it is entirley possible that the sum of the salarmander in the region is rising and the author gets a improper conclusion about the detrimental influences of the ultraviolet radiation on salarmander.
(作者没有比对其他地方的数据就得出了结论，没有说服力)
Albeit the totality of the salarmanders indeed falls, the author does not illuminate the exact diminishing number. As a natural law, the population of the species fluctuates in a small bound periodically. If the reduction of the salarmanders is not significant, there is no need to be aware of the effect of the ultraviolet radiation on animals. So simply saying the ultraviolet radiation has negetive effects on salamanders is inappropriate.
(没有提供具体的数字，因为小范围的波动不能说明紫外线对于卵有破坏作用)
Even if the salamander declines essentially, there isn’t sufficient evidences to prove it is the ultraviolet radiation cause the salamander’s declining. Some other changes, such as the temperature, humidity and the food chain, of the environments could conduct the same result. The author should have excluded all of other potential influences and then make the conclusion. Yet, the author get such an unconvincing conclusion without any controlled experiments.
(没有利用控制变量法，就得出了结论)
Finally, as a result of the ultraviolet radiation, the number of the salamander decrease couldn’t deduces that all the other species are equally so vulnurable to the ultraviolet radiation. Some particular characteristics of the salamander such as the its egg lacking of shell and its habitat make it more vulnurable to the ultraviolet radiation. On the opposite, other species have serious distinctions on appeareace, living location and even the method of proliferate to salamander, which may render it less vulurable to such a change.
(不能根据一个物种的变化而对其他所有物种作出相同的推论。)
All in all, the writer’s argument relis on numerous doubtful assumptions, and is therefore weak.To make it stronger the author should provide more accurate data of the population of the salamander in different areas and supply evidences that the sum of the salamander is indeed fall conspicuously. The writee should also make some contrlled experiments to eliminate other potential influences and conclude the final result. To infer the ultraviolet radiation effects on other species, the author should provide the proofs about the decrease of the other species and then do some other experments to illuminate the why these species are declining.

wdx19861106UID: 2821198

207
It is known that in recent years, industrial pollution has caused the Earth's ozone layer to thin, allowing an increase in the amount of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. At the same time, scientists have discovered, the population of a species of salamander that lays its eggs in mountain lakes has declined. Since ultraviolet radiation is known to be damaging to delicate tissues and since salamander eggs have no protective shells, it must be the case that the increase in ultraviolet radiation has damaged many salamander eggs and prevented them from hatching. This process will no doubt cause population declines in other species, just as it has in the salamander species.

In this argument, the author asserts that the increasing ultraviolet radiation caused by the industrial pollution which（指代不清楚） directly leads the Earth’s ozone to thin （an then）declines the population of the salamander conspicuously, and these effects will also be imposed on other species. To prove his perspective, the author pinpoints that the lack of protective shell is the reason inducing salamander’s eggs exposed in air and easily damaged by the ultraviolet radiation. These eggs eventually fail to be hatched and result in the decreasing population. The argument exists several serious logical problems (改为：There exist several serious logical problems in the argument), which renders it unconvincing.
（首段描述过多）

Firstly and foremost, the author only mentions the number in salamander in mountain lakes is declining, but makes no demonstrations about the salamanders in other circumstances. To some extent, the salamanders in some other environment, to the contrary, may proliferate. So it is entirely possible that the sum of the salamander in the region is rising
and the author gets an improper conclusion about the detrimental influences of the ultraviolet radiation on salamander.（最后两处红字横线部分意义重复，该段反驳缺乏说服力）

Albeit（，）the totality of the salamanders indeed falls, the author does not illuminate the exact diminishing number. As a natural law, the population of the species fluctuates in a small bound periodically. If the reduction of the salamanders is not significant, there is no need to be aware of the effect of the ultraviolet radiation on animals. So simply saying the ultraviolet radiation has negative effects on salamanders is inappropriate. （感觉2、3段意思相近，都是关于数据问题，是否真的减少，合二为一）

Even if the salamander declines essentially, there isn’t sufficient evidences to prove it is the ultraviolet radiation cause the salamander’s declining. Some other changes, such as the temperature, humidity and the food chain, of the environments could conduct the same result. The author should have excluded all of other potential influences and then make the conclusion. Yet, the author gets such an unconvincing conclusion without any controlled experiments.

Finally, (assume that) as a result of the ultraviolet radiation, the number of the salamander decrease (, yet, it still) couldn’t deduces that all the other species are equally so vulnerable to the ultraviolet radiation. Some particular characteristics of the salamander such as the its(删除) egg lacking of shell and its habitat make it more vulnerable to the ultraviolet radiation. On the opposite, other species have serious distinctions on appearance(with the salamander), living location and even the method of proliferate, which may render it less vulnerable to such a change.

All in all, the writer’s argument relies on numerous doubtful assumptions, and is therefore weak(这句感觉有问题). To make it stronger the author should provide more accurate data of the population of the salamander in different areas and supply evidences that the sum of the salamander is indeed fall conspicuously. The writer should also make some control experiments to eliminate other potential influences and conclude the final result. To infer the ultraviolet radiation effects on other species, the author should provide the proofs about the decrease of the other species and then do some other experiments to illuminate the why（reasons for） these species are declining.
1# kirk1988