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ISSUE 分析范例
本帖最后由 紫陌纤尘o0 于 2010-9-10 23:04 编辑
by Napery
7"The video camera provides such an (accurate and convincing) record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."
Understanding:
主体:video camera & written records
共性: Form of documentation
对象:Contemporary life
条件:More accurate & convincing information
Implications:
1.
What is“documentation”? [记录定义]
2.
What is the purpose/influence of it? [记录的作用或者意义]
3.
Definitions of “video camera” and “written record” [forms of documentation同属于是记录方式]
4.
How do they function? [各自的功能]
5.
What are the main differences between “video camera” and “written records”?
What are the strong points of each? [两者的区别,各自最突出的特点]
6.
Are the two mutually exclusive? [Always hold in various situations?]
7.
What does “important” mean? [判断重要的标准]
类似于Intro中举出的政府是否该投资美术馆的例子。
Intro给出的一个论证角度:
1.
Yes
2.
Art is important.
[of social importance to people, 由这点推出人们应多欣赏art,
那么就引出了该如何获得机会接触art,接着过渡到为人们提供art的地方——博物馆]
3.
Museums are public places where art is available to anyone.
[由2引出博物馆的重要性,再陈述博物馆的突出优势条件,在于博物馆对人们的无偿性服务]
Ideas Flowing:
跟自己的专业有关,想起来就特别多。。。
除了自己专业相关的知识,也在网上找了一些素材。。。最初的bs。。。
1.
Document[文献]: 用一定方式、技术手段记录知识信息的一种载体,或理解为固化在一定物质载体上的知识。
记录、积累、传播和继承知识的最有效手段,是人类社会活动中获取情报的最基本、最主要的来源,也是交流传播情报的最基本手段。
2.
印刷型:是文献的最基本方式。优点是可直接、方便地阅读、查询。
声像型:或视听型,是以声音和图像形式记录在载体上的文献,如录音带、录像带、科技电影、幻灯片等。[This visual scenario/optical medium]
3.
[交流传播]V,以声像技术,生动形象、真实准确地重现历史[历史再现性],
如关于二战的纪录片,枪林弹雨,横尸遍野,人们颠簸流离,感官上的冲击使得我们意识到战争的严重危害性和平的重要性[交流性];
而W虽然也可以同样的准确的再现历史,并可以通过提供详细的时间地点、伤亡人员数据、国家政治经济损失状况等信息来增强其记载的内容的可信度,
但始终不能使我们身临其境深深的体会这种感情;
4.
V以纪录片的形式来记录生活,可以丰富人们精神生活,促进人类健康发展的文化娱乐功。
[However, previous studies show that people still prefer to read on paper for close reading and 探索书中蕴含的精华. Fewer people annotate or highlight with electronic documents than with written documents.]
5.
知识和信息的公开性、共享性和交流性,它与资本、财富不同,可以为弱者或穷人所掌握。
就特藏文献的学术价值、史料价值来说,文献本身无论如何珍贵,收藏保护如何艰辛,其根本目的都在于用,
而不是“束之高阁 Putting it on a high shelf”,如同古代藏书楼那样,成为个人财富的积累和象征。
重用才更能实现特藏文献的价值,否则特藏文献就会成为传统的藏书楼观念最后的藏身之所。
而且,和藏书楼传统观念藕断丝连必将被全球化背景下的知识经济时代所抛弃。
6.
[平衡观点]V的拍摄应当以W为前提条件。在历史长河中日积月累而成的一些文献跨越了时间和空间上的跨度,
是人类精华知识的最终表现成果,传播人类进步思想和文化,
因此[积累性、继承性和统一性]能够可以提供准确完善且权威的背景知识和有效的借鉴作用。
而且还可能会激发摄影人员甚至其他领域的人,如科学工作的灵感,在查阅学习的过程中产生新想法、新观点,
创造出独特的摄影理念或技术。W,大部分是一定历史时期的产物,基本上是单一的纸制品载体。
随着时间的推移.纤维老化、纸质变脆,不可避免,就古籍和旧平装书来说,维护修复的工作量十分繁重。
[Letters, legal documents, newspaper clippings, books, magazines, catalogues,
manuals, comic books, scrapbooks and photographs are all subject to chemical
and physical deterioration due to the materials from which they are made. By
nature these products are fragile. Williams and Jagger say to think of paper as “dried vegetables.”
Just like vegetables, paper will rot when it is not kept in a dark, dry, cool location,
free from insects and rodents. When these chemicals are exposed to air and
high temperatures sulfuric acid is produced.Thus letters, papers and books manufactured
during this period are literally disintegrating from the weakened state caused by chemical deterioration.
At a financially high cost,conservators are literally trying to save thousands of items written and printed during this time in history.]
加上要时时防范水、火、虫、鼠等灾害,保存好的任务不仅不会因为重用而有所减轻,相反地会日益加重。
我们要学会运用现代科学技术成果(例如V,记录的 information captured in reproducible form, because digital information can be copied and recopied perfectly, it is often extolled for its supposed longevity.易于保管),这样更有效地保护好珍贵的文化遗产,做到永久持续的利用。
[Physical deterioration is the result of careless handling, storage, insects and vermin.]
7.
Documents, on the other hand, are a term that denotes an organization’s written or graphical procedures, policies or instructions.
Documents explain what an organization plans to do and how it will be accomplished as well as instruct employees how to perform tasks.
提供专业的科学知识如Instruments of Governance and Law: The unchanging aspect of documents is crucial to the consistent communication of policy and administration of law to citizens. Documents that play such roles include constitutions, corporate annual reports and religious texts.
8.
There were sayings of the type that "as long as one studies hard, then wealth, high-paying jobs, and beautiful women will all come his way."
有“书中自有黄金屋;书中自有千钟粟;书中自有颜如玉”之类的说法。
9.
If "reading" a document means simply extracting its content—without its original form—then we may not need to
run the original software. But content can be lost in subtle ways. Translating word-processing formats, for instance,
often displaces or eliminates headings, captions or footnotes. Is this merely a loss of structure, or does it impinge on content?
10.
(Printed documents exhibit similar schemes, in which page numbers serve as pointers.)
To understand any document, we must know what its content signifies in the language of its intended reader.
Unfortunately, the intended reader of a document file is a program. Documents such as multimedia presentations
are impossible to read without appropriate software: unlike printed words, they cannot just be "held up to the light."
11.
电影理论家和教育家对“视觉滞留”的问题提出了新的疑义,他们发现银幕上的全部运动现象实际上是跳跃的、不连贯的,
但观众却意识到那是一个统一、完整的动作连续。由此证明,真正起作用的不是“视觉滞留”,而是“心理认可”。 |
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