by丁满 （cyanidin)的精读作业————请拍砖

cyanidinUID: 2897934

此贴转为丁满的精读贴。。。。每天记录总是记不住，就记录每天的精读吧！

cyanidinUID: 2897934

背单词表现不佳。才背了三页就开始打瞌睡。不过记忆的效果不错。

等一下练习听力。

caoxuemeiUID: 2629828

小新，加油哦——

cyanidinUID: 2897934

TPO1三篇精读，球拍转~~~做的真不好，会改进的！ 精读.rar (51.41 KB, 下载次数: 40)

2010-10-26 21:56:33 上传

下载次数: 40

萨宾娜sabrinaUID: 2853678

我和你一战一个时间。加油。现在在准备10G。还没开始复习IBT。希望共同进步。

cyanidinUID: 2897934

恩！共同进步！

今天学英语的时间好少！！！咆哮了。。。。

今天背了张红岩词以类记。下一楼我贴上来今天背单词的笔记，我觉得还蛮好的。

看了张红岩的十分钟搞定托福作文，受益匪浅。

等一下听一篇ESL。并且听写。

cyanidinUID: 2897934

张红岩词以类记 按学科分类 地质

根据地质学geology的知识，我们可以找到vein，通过vein，我们来到了bonanza，在bonanza，一般都会有一些机构organizations，他们开发pit,wiikite,并且通过borehole,来得到Mineral(ore)矿石。
mineral有很多种，其中，emerald，ruby，quartz，等属于宝石（gem)类的。granite，marble，fieldstone,limestone,则属于矿石ore类。
最后，由各种植物动物的body经过常年的积累变成的fossil一类。

同样的，以来地质学geology的knowledge，我们可以得到，我们的地球（earth）是由，core，crust，and mantle，构成的。其中mantle，crust构成了lithosphere.

crust的运动常常会导致earthquake，volcano outbrust，which spurit magana ang eruption.


大致就是这样把词汇都串了一遍，当然不可能做到每个单词都涉及到~而且专业不专业我可真没有谱，不过是小小的弄一下有助于自己背单词~淡然如果有强人真的诚心的希望可以加以改进~造福后人也造福我啦~~

cyanidinUID: 2897934

ESL的听写等等发上来，咱现在开始听~乌拉拉。。。发现单词记忆真的忘得很快，刚才发的时候又忘了好多~~赶紧，睡觉之前加深记忆！

cyanidinUID: 2897934

自抽一个先，昨天就办护照等待的时候学了半个小时英语，下午回来居然和别人聊天！！！可恶，不应该！！！

今天早上还睡到现在。。。我错了。。。。

现在就开始听力！开始单词！开始泛读！

cyanidinUID: 2897934

早起打卡，今天会上单词记忆的笔记，包括做的泛读。早起背单词，接着做阅读~~

cyanidinUID: 2897934

Plate tectonics: The main features are:
The Earth's surface is made up of a series of large plates (like pieces of a giant jigsaw puzzle).
These plates are in constant motion travelling at a few centimetres per year.
The ocean floors are continually moving, spreading from the centre and sinking at the edges.
Convection currents beneath the plates move the plates in different directions.
The source of heat driving the convection currents is radioactive decay which is happening deep in the Earth.
  



The edges of these plates, where they move against each other, are sites of intense geologic activity, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building.
Plate tectonics is a relatively new theory and it wasn't until the 1960's that Geologists, with the help of ocean surveys, began to understand what goes on beneath our feet.
Where is the Evidence for Plate Tectonics?
The continents seem to fit together like a giant jigsaw puzzle:

If you look at a map, Africa seems to snuggle nicely into the east coast of South America and the Caribbean sea. In 1912 a German Scientist called Alfred Wegener proposed that these two continents were once joined together then somehow drifted apart.  He proposed that all the continents were once stuck together as one big land mass called Pangea. He believed that Pangea was intact until about 200 million years ago
Click here for some evidence of this theory

CONTINENTAL DRIFT
The idea that continents can drift about is called, not surprisingly, CONTINENTAL DRIFT.

When Wegener first put forward the idea in 1912 people thought he was nuts. His big problem was that he knew the continents had drifted but he couldn't explain how they drifted. The old (AND VERY WRONG!!) theory before this time was the "Contraction theory" which suggested that the planet was once a molten ball and in the process of cooling the surface cracked and folded up on itself.  The big problem with this idea was that all mountain ranges should be approximately the same age, and this was known not to be true.  Wegener's explanation was that as the continents moved, the leading edge of the continent would encounter resistance and thus compress and fold upwards forming mountains near the leading edges of the drifting continents. Wegener also suggested that India drifted northward into the Asia forming the Himalayas and of course Mount Everest.

  
   

SEA FLOOR SPREADING
It is hard to imagine that these great big solid slabs of rock could wander around the globe. Scientists needed a clue as to how the continents drifted. The discovery of the chain of mountains that lie under the oceans was the clue that they were waiting for.

PLATES ARE CREATED: In the diagram below you can see that the continental crust is beginning to separate creating a diverging plate boundary. When a divergence occurs within a continent it is called rifting. A plume of hot magma rises from deep within the mantle pushing up the crust and causing pressure forcing the continent to break and separate. Lava flows and earthquakes would be seen. In the diagram below you can see that the continental crust is beginning to separate creating a diverging plate boundary. When a divergence occurs within a continent it is called rifting. A plume of hot magma rises from deep within the mantle pushing up the crust and causing pressure forcing the continent to break and separate. Lava flows and earthquakes would be seen.  
This is an example of a divergent plate boundary (where the plates move away from each other). The Atlantic Ocean was created by this process. The mid-Atlantic Ridge is an area where new sea floor is being created.
  

As the rift valley expands two continental plates have been constructed from the original one. The molten rock continues to push the crust apart creating new crust as it does.
  

As the rift valley expands, water collects forming a sea. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is now 2,000 metres above the adjacent sea floor, which is at a depth of about 6,000 metres below sea level.
  

  The sea floor continues to spread and the plates get bigger and bigger. This process can be seen all over the world and produces about 17 square kilometres of new plate every year.
  


Click here for the Scotland story
  It's important that we look at the evidence for sea floor spreading. So click here  

Picture the following in your mind:

You have a nine piece jigsaw (now there's a challenge).
The piece in the middle starts to grow.
It gets bigger and bigger.
What do you think will happen to the puzzle? ANSWER

Now let's think back to our plates being created at the mid-ocean ridges, it seems to be a good idea but if this is the only type of plate movement then the world would get bigger and bigger. In fact the world has remained the same size. So if plates are being created at the mid-ocean ridges then they must be being consumed somewhere else in the world.

PLATES ARE DESTROYED (SUBDUCTION):  
This is a convergent plate boundary, the plates move towards each other. The amount of crust on the surface of the earth remains relatively constant. Therefore, when plates diverge (separate) and form new crust in one area, the plates must converge (come together) in another area and be destroyed. An example of this is the Nazca plate being subducted under the South American plate to form the Andes Mountain Chain.
Here we can see the oceanic plate moving from left to right. The top layer of the mantle and the crust (all called the lithosphere) sinks beneath the continent. A deep ocean trench is formed. Water gets carried down with the oceanic crust and the rocks begin to heat up as they travel slowly into the earth. Water is then driven off triggering the formation of pools of molten rock which slowly rises. The plate moves downwards at a rate of a few centimetres per year. The molten rock can take tens of thousands of years to then either:

Solidify slowly underground as intrusive igneous rock such as granite.

or


Reach the surface and erupt as lava flows. Cooling rapidly to form extrusive igneous rock such as basalt.


The floor of the Easter Pacific is moving towards South America at a rate of 9 centimetres per year. It might not seem much but over the past 10 million years the Pacific crust has been subducted under South America and has sunk nearly 1000 kilometres into the Earth's interior.

Types of Convergent Boundaries
The example above showed what happened when the dense oceanic plate subducts under a lighter continental plate (ie, oceanic - continental). Two other types of subduction can take place:

  When two oceanic plate meet each other (oceanic-oceanic) this often results in the formation of an island arc system. As the subducting oceanic crust melts as it goes deeper into the Earth, the newly-created magma rises to the surface and forms volcanoes. If the activity continues, the volcano may grow tall enough to breech the surface of the ocean creating an island.  

The key to subduction seems to be water which acts as a kind of lubricant as the heavier plate slips underneath the lighter plate.

I must not forget to mention the Himalayas and Mount Everest because this is the third example of plate movement
  Millions of years ago India and an ancient ocean called the Tethys Ocean were sat on a tectonic plate. This plate was moving northwards towards Asia at a rate of 10 centimetres per year. The Tethys oceanic crust was being subducted under the Asian Continent. The ocean got progressively smaller until about 55 milion years ago when India 'hit' Asia. There was no more ocean left to lubricate the subduction and so the plates welled up to form the High Plateau of Tibet and the Himalayan Mountains. The continental crust under Tibet is over 70 kilometres thick. North of Katmandu, the capital of Nepal, is a deep gorge in the Himalayas. the rock here is made of schist and granite with contorted and folded layers of marine sediments which were deposited by the Tethys ocean over 60 million years ago.



The fourth type of plate movement involves plates sliding past one another without the construction or destruction of crust. This boundary is called a conservation zone because plate is neither created nor destroyed An example of such a   boundary is the San Andreas fault in California. The force needed to move billions of tonnes of rock is unimaginable. When plates move some of the energy is released as earthquakes.

cyanidinUID: 2897934

阅读笔记.长难句分析
Wegener's explanation was that as the continents moved, the leading edge of the continent would encounter resistance and thus compress and fold upwards forming mountains near the leading edges of the drifting continents.

Wegene's的解释是，随着大陆的移动，大陆板块边界的前缘将会遭遇风险，压紧并折叠（大陆板块），因此在接近漂移的大陆板块的边缘的地方形成了山脉。

In the diagram below you can see that the continental crust is beginning to separate creating a diverging plate boundary.
你现在看到的这个图解中，大陆的地壳已经开始分离，从而创造了一个板块边界的分野。

3.An example of this is the Nazca plate being subducted under the South American plate to form the Andes Mountain Chain.
举一个例子，用于构成安德森山脉的Nazaca板块就下沉于南美板块之下。
  

词汇积累

constantly 始终如一

dense 密度

edge 边界

convection current 对流层

relative 相对的

solid 固体

diagram 图解

divergence 分开

occur 重现

magma 岩浆

propose 提议

encounter 遭遇

vindicatedUID: 2909480

thx

tuxinyiUID: 2921399

11、28考试 一样复习 一起加油。。。

cyanidinUID: 2897934

作文、题目，人们的空闲时间，有的人说和朋友过好~有的人说自己过好~你怎么看呢？下面是丁满的看法，咳咳~
Thought the space of our life is more and more faster，we have free but lonely time still. So what is your choice when you are in boring holiday or just in weekend but don’t know what to do? To be alone or go out with your friends ,jhaving a party? With all carefully consideregd ,I will choose the later.
Seemingly,it is an hard time when you be alone .but it is just a facies phenomenal. When stay with ourself,we are the king of our kingdom.Enjoy a cd which you are favorite,have a cup of hot tea,having a beautiful shower and singwith the song.by this way, you can relaxe your mind and body.there is no doubt that it’s the best way to free you from the high pressure city life.
Also,stay home can cut our budget.Maybe a DIY meal isn’t taste as good as a restrant,but youo must get more interest in this pricess.Last but not least,you will necer confused in when can all your friend have freetimeand.for make  appointment to yourself is the most easy thing in the world.
Certanitly,to stay with friend has its own advantages.It’s more enegtice,and we should commucate with our friends sometimes.but I insist that a personal prabite space is necessary because the lonely time make us realized what mistake we have ever take and do not make it again.

No one prefer to be a superfical to a deep thinker.That is why we just need stay with ourself so much. Let'’s enjoy the lonely time and make the time more valueable.



因为丁满的word出问题，没有办法检查拼写错误，特此为大家道歉，已经在重新下咋word了，拜托大家不要抛弃丁满~~呜呜~

努力的写了N久才写到这个程度，我有点退考的冲动。。。。唉。。。加油吧！