托福阅读词汇题总汇

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127. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds.
The word "motifs" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) tools
(B) prints
(C) signatures
(D) designs

D


motif
[mәʋ'ti:f]
n.
  （艺术作品的） 主题，主旨
  图案
  主题曲 （亦作： motive）

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132. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.
The word "obtain" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) digest
(B) carry
(C) save
(D) get

D

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135. One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent Controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability-rents.
The word "depressed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) saddened
(B) created
(C) lowered
(D) defeated

C


depressed
[di'prest]
adj.
  沮丧的, 降低的

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136. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. San Francisco has only a 1. 6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws.
The word "stringent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) straightforward
(B) strict
(C) expanded
(D) efficient


B

stringent
['strindʒәnt]
adj.
  苛刻的，必须严格遵守的（规则）

straightforward
[streit'fɔ:wәd]
adj.
  坦白的；诚实的；坦诚的
  简明的；易懂的

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137. For example, sometimes the shape or veining in a piece of stone or wood suggests, perhaps even dictates, not only the ultimate form, but even the subject matter.
The word "dictates" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) reads aloud
(B) determines
(C) includes
(D) records



B


dictate
[dik'teit; 'dikteit]
vt., vi.
  听写；口述
to dictate a letter to a secretary
向秘书口授信稿
The French teacher dictates to the class every other week.
法语教师每隔一周给这班学生做一次听写。
  命令；要求
The union leaders are trying to dictate their demands to the employer.
工会领导人正设法迫使雇主接受他们的要求。
['dikteit]
n.
  （常用&I{pl}）命令；（发自内心非遵守不可的）指令

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141. One way to do this is to find a sheltered roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity-horned larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks-but the effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling together in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anis do.
The word "magnified" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) caused
(B) modified
(C) intensified
(D) combined  


C


magnify
['mæɡnifai]
vt.
  放大；扩大
This microscope magnifies an object 100000 times.
这个显微镜把物体放大10万倍。
  赞美（上帝）
  夸张，夸大
to magnify one's difficulties
夸张困难


intensify
[in'tensifai]
vt., vi.
  使强烈；加强
The scientists have intensified their search for the new gene by working harder.
科学家们更加努力工作加紧搜寻这种新的基因。

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142. The second possible benefit of communal roots is that they act as "information centers." During the day, parties of birds will have spread out to forage over a very large area. When they return in the evening some will have fed well, but others may have found little to eat.
The word "forage" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) fly
(B) assemble
(C) feed
(D) rest

C

forage
['fɔridʒ]
vi.
  搜寻粮草
The campers went foraging for wood to make a fire.
露营的人到处搜寻生火的木柴。
"He foraged about in his bag for a long time, but couldn't find the visa. (喻)"
"他在包里搜寻了很长时间,却没能找到签证。"
[fɔridʒ; 'fɔ:ridʒ]
n.
  饲料
  搜寻粮草

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143. Finally, there is safety in numbers at communal roosts since there will always be a few birds awake at any given moment to give the alarm. But this increased protection is partially counteracted by the fact that mass roosts attract predators and are especially vulnerable if they are on the ground.
The word "counteracted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) suggested
(B) negated
(C) measured
(D) shielded


B

counteract
[kaʋntә'rækt]
vt.
  抵抗；抵制；消除，抵消
This drug should counteract the poison.
这药可消解毒性。

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144. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage.
The word "prevent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) estimate
(B) avoid
(C) correct
(D) confine


B  阻止和避免的作用一样

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146. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
The word "Nevertheless" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) therefore
(B) because
(C) occasionally
(D) however


D

nevertheless
[nevәeә'les]
adv.
  尽管如此；不过；可是；然而
She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.
她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。
He's stupid, but I like him nevertheless.
他是很笨，然而我喜欢他。

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readily change its orientation, or phase. Cats know this instinctively, but scientists could not be sure how it happened until they increased the speed of their perceptions a thousand fold.
The word "readily" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) only
(B) easily
(C) slowly
(D) certainly

B


readily
['redili]
adv.
  欣然地；爽快地
  容易地；不困难地

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147. The changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting definitions used by the United States Bureau of the Census. In 1870 the census officially distinguished the nation's "urban" from its "rural" population for the first time.
The word "distinguished" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) differentiated
(B) removed
(C) honored
(D) protected

C

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148. Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one central city with 50,000 inhabitant or more or (b) two cities having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic and social purposes, a single community with a combined population of at least 50,000, the smaller of which must have a population of at least 15,000.
The word "constituting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) located near
(B) determined by
(C) calling for
(D) making up



D


constitute
['kɔnstitju:t]
vt.
  组成；构成
7 days constitute a week
七天构成一星期
"England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland constitute / compose / make up the United kingdom."
英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成联合王国。
  授权，建立

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151. The village chief dealt with land disputes and religious affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects.
The word "disputes" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) discussions
(B) arguments
(C) developments
(D) purchases

B


dispute
[dis'pju:t]
n.
  争论；辩论
We had a dispute about how much money he owes me.
我们就他欠我多少钱一事进行了一番争论。
I hope this dispute will not divide us. (喻)
我希望这次争论将不会使我们之间产生隔阂。
[di'spju:t]
vt., vi.
  争论；辩论；竞争
The members of the town council disputed for hours about whether to build a new museum.
市议会的议员们就是否要新建一所博物馆辩论了好几个小时。
They disputed how to bring into full play the potential of the staff.
他们争论如何才能充分发挥全体员工的潜力。
  反驳；驳斥；怀疑
The lawyer disputed the truth of the witness's statement.
律师对证人的话的真实性提出了怀疑。
  抵抗；阻止
to dispute a landing by the enemy
抵抗敌人的登陆

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153. The steel wires used are galvanized-coated with zinc to make them rustproof. The two wires that make up the line wire or cable are fed separately into a machine at one end. They leave it at the other end twisted together and barbed.
The word "fed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) put
(B) eaten
(C) bitten
(D) nourished

A 上下文