[未归类] ISSUE提纲1.31 [复制链接]

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发表于 2011-2-7 11:53:05 |显示全部楼层

25. "Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction--in other words, to make things as simple as possible."
任何人都可以把事情简单复杂化，但是需要真正努力和勇气的恰恰相反，也就是说应该把事情变得尽可能的简单。

POV: AGREE

1、任何的事情都是可以被复杂化的，我们只需要假如很多干扰的因素，加上很多条件等等。就像是一句句子，可以被无线的扩充。

2、把一件复杂的事情变得简单需要努力和勇气，因为把一件事情变得简单，必须分析其症结(sticking point)，把很多外界的不必要的因素去掉，这是需要完全的努力的。而在事情简单化之后，所呈现的真相可能是非常直接非常犀利的，甚至是会让人觉得受到伤害的。接受这样的直接的真相，需要一定的勇气。(divorce, government)

3、努力让事情变得简单是有勇气的体现，所以我们应该做的是努力让所有事情变得简单。

SUM UP: 任何事情都可以变得复杂，但是让事情变得简单对人的要求很高，这需要持久的努力和莫大的勇气。

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双非DIY美硕申请总结

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发表于 2011-2-7 11:53:21 |显示全部楼层

116 "With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society -- including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences -- will benefit greatly from international influences."
随着经济和通讯等领域的全球化，毫无疑问，社会的方方面面，包括教育、政治、艺术和科学，都将从这种国际化影响中获益非浅。

POV: PARTLY AGREE

1、教育领域的全球化可以让全世界人民无论在哪里都可以享受到最新的教育资源，同时有一个更好的信息平台。(Yale opening course; correspondence course)

2、政治上，各国高层领导可以通过电视会议等方式进行交流，可以促进全球经济的发展，共享很多信息。(vedio and teleconference, military operation play through networds)

3、艺术领域可以使各国艺术家更好的交流，艺术思想更好的传达。(movies shown around world, art exhibition, youtube)

4、科学领域可以加强科学家的交流，可以在第一时间公布最新研究成果。(IEEE international conference)

5、但是，不可否认的是，全球化虽然会带来很多好处，国际化的进程中依旧有很多问题。

SUM UP: 我们要努力解决现今存在的问题，以便更好的国际化，从而服务于教育政治艺术和科学等各个领域。

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发表于 2011-2-7 11:53:40 |显示全部楼层

212 "If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable." [05/26; 06/4]
如果一个目标是值得的，那么追求目标的任何手段都是正当的。

POV: Disagree

1、人活着是为了体现自己的人生价值的，所以要做对自己、对社会、对国家有利的事情，这才是正确的存在方式。

2、如果他的手段是不合理不善良的，那么即便他达到了目标，也不不正当的。这是有违达到人生价值的初衷的，这样的追求目标就是去了起最初的意义。

3、一个目标的事先与否不仅取决于最终是否达到，还取决于达到目的的过程是否可取，如果过程是不正当的，那么即便达到目标也并不是真正意义上的达到。

SUM UP: 实现一个目标本身就是自身的提高，通过正当的手段应该是前提。

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发表于 2011-2-7 11:53:51 |显示全部楼层

235．"Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force." [05/26; 06/4]
大多数人被教育说忠诚是一种美德。但是，忠诚－无论对于朋友、学校、受雇公司或任何机构来说，经常都是一种有害而非积极的力量。

POV: DISAGREE

1、忠诚是一种美德。

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发表于 2011-2-7 11:54:02 |显示全部楼层

88 "Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics." [05/30; 06/3]
科学技术不但影响而且决定了社会风俗和道德规范。

POV: DISAGREE

1、科技影响了社会风俗和道德规范。科技的出发点在于创造更美好的生活，所以更有利于生活的科技被发明出来的时候，会影响与部分人的风俗习惯(US. car)，同样，对道德规范也有所影响，让人们了解了更多伦理上的事情(electron microscope, Cloning)

2、但是科技不能决定社会风俗和道德习惯。因为这是由人的主观的社会认知而产生的，科技对这种认知的改变有影响，但是这种影响不起决定作用。起决定作用的还是人的价值观。

SUM UP: 科学技术的发展固然是好的，其对社会风俗和道德规范起到了影响作用，同时，企业收到社&道的制约。

TOPIC: ISSUE88 - "Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
WORDS: 456 TIME: 00:59:21 DATE: 1/31/2011 8:16:15 PM

When we refer to technologies, we usually think of the great social changes in especially the social customs and ethics. Admittedly, as the speaker holds that technologies influence the social customs and ethics, it can never determine anything whenever the past, the present, or the future. What determines social customs and ethics could only be people's sense of worth.

At first, it must be admitted that thanks to the technological development, the lifestyle of the society has changed a lot. This exactly agreed with the pursuance of technologies that to bring a better life to the society, and made people feel enjoyable. The invention of electricity must be the greatest marvel which saved people from the endless darkness. Yet people still work in the day time but not in the night for that their habits and customs makes them day-worker. We should say that after the invention of cars, the U.S. people come crazy about cars and the U.S. is so-called country on the wheel. But there are still a number of people who prefer take other transportations such as bus, train, ship, and bike. A few years ago, the cloning technology had been discussed through the newspaper, the internet, the television and some other media like that. It is about a ethical issue that whether to clone human beings or not. Eventually, the technologies lost out to the ethics and the plan had run aground.

Technologies do have influences to social customs and ethics yet what they have are only influences and that could never be the determinant. No matter the intentions of electricity, cars or the cloning, their contributions of the society can only be influence and improvement. And, unfortunately, the technologies are decided by the social customs and ethics, which are determined to people's value of worth. For instance, when people found out that the physical quality is better in the day than night, although there are electricity that could supply the light, they wouldn't. The social customs told them what the better are. So does the cloning case. The existing ethics let people quarrel with whatever is contrary to ethics. People's social customs and ethics were formed thousands of years age, by the time they have the value of worth. The used the value of worth to judge things and decide what to do. If the things were common, it became the social customs and ethics. Therefore, technologies could not determine social customs and ethics anytime.

As a conclusion, it will always be good that the technology has developed, and influence the society customs and ethics deeply, nevertheless, it has been determined by the inner value of worth. And owing to that, the technology could be taken into use correctly and reasonably.

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发表于 2011-2-7 11:54:16 |显示全部楼层

184 "It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data." [05/17; 06/1]
在没有证据之前就得出理论，是重大错误。

POV: DISAGREE

1、（诚然）有些理论是从data中推导出来的(Kepler third law)

2、（但是）不是所有的理论都是可以先有数据支持的，尤其在quantum physics, theoretical physics等(special theory of relativity, the big bang theory, Schr odinger cat is a macroscopic distinguishing quantum superposed state. )

3、data对理论只能起到支持作用，并不能够代表理论本身。一个理论的价值在于他本身，而不在于他的研究过程。

SUM UP: 从是否有data来判定一个理论是非常不明智不合理的，我们应该理性的去理解一个理论。

TOPIC: ISSUE184 - "It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."
WORDS: 566 TIME: 00:51:17 DATE: 2/7/2011 10:52:26 AM

With the science and technology development, the more and more theories have came out. Some of them are the conclusion of a mass data and experiences, while some of them are only a theory. We, almost people around the world have an acceptable attitude towards the both ways the theories built. That is to say, just against the speaker's assertion, it has never been a mistaken to theorize before one has data.

Admittedly, data are the best support to the theories. With the data, the theories could become easily understand, greatly proved, and strongly supported. A theory without data is just like a car without an instruction book. We know it can work but we have no ideas where it could work, and how would it be when it works. But when there are some data given, everything would be solved. We know its faction, its speed, its good and short aspects and we can control it even though there are some unwilling accidents happened. For instance, Kepler has found the third law of the celestial movement just after had having a lot of researching and studying of the huge amount of data. The Third Law has profoundly influence in the astronomy study. Thus, anyone could not neglect the importance of data.

But never the importance could be the only and must factor. It would never be a grave mistake to theorize before one has data, though data always play a remarkable role during the researching and study of any theories. What data is could only be the support, the core of a theory should always be the theory itself, which could never been shake and changed with data. When we were reminded of some prominent events in the history, we might find it true. Stephen Hawking devotes his whole life in discovering the original of the space and had the big bang theory years ago. The big bang theory was a fantastically theory with no real data except the supporting of the other facts in physics, even if the big bang theory is true. But there is no reflection that would influent the theory and the acceptation of the theory, or even the theory itself. Therefore, the consideration of theorizing without data prove before to be a mistake was completely mistaken.

However, as we have stated, if the theory is the soul, the data would be the physical body which has meat, blood, skeleton in it. The only soul is unreal and cannot be understand and accepted rapidly and easily. When it has its body, it becomes real so that we can see it, feel it, touch it, even talk to it; we can get how it work for real and how it been put into practice; we can compare it with some other similar theories; we can figure out what's the difference of these theories; we can point out the misunderstandings. That's just like the car with a skillful driver, a stage with a excellent actor, a patient with an experience doctor, everything would be solved smoothly and technically.

To prove the theories with enough data is the best way to set up a theory and to theorize. However, there is still something we don't have reality ways to explain and to prove; the data always comes after a theory had been given. Therefore, data are not the only and must method before theorize.

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发表于 2011-2-7 11:54:33 |显示全部楼层

197 "The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries." [05/16; 06/0]
一个国家的生活质量提高和社会的安定是和其他所有国家的生活质量提高和社会安定密不可分的。

POV: DISAGREE

1、一个国家的物质进步是和其他国家有关系的(Marco Polo <IlMilione>, the silk way), 但是这种关系并不是必须的(the former China)

2、一个国家的社会安定和其他国家也是有关系的(World War II)，但是这种关系也并不是必须的(the upheaval in Cario, the Iraq war).

3、世界是一体的，虽然可能不收其他国家影响，但是会导致全球的整体发展变慢。(Great Depression)

SUM UP: 一个国家的生活质量提高和社会的安定与其他所有国家的生活质量提高和社会安定是有一点关系的，这更关系到国际物质进步和国际安全，所以每个国家都应该努力提高自己的物质、社会发展，共同创建一个和谐的美好社会。

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