ISSUE93 个人责任与社会环境

雨&彩虹UID：132532

93 "The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."

这篇ISSUE 主要是关于内因外因的问题， 论述人的行为究竟是大部分由外因还是内因来决定的。

第一， 社会的运转依据的基本概念就是人是作为一个理性个体，能为自己行为负责。 在家庭范围呢， 个人的责任包括提供SHELTER， PROTECTION ，精神上相互扶持，父母对子女养育教育。在工作上，任何一家公司的运转都是给个人以相应的任务，无论个人对渎职提出何种的借口， 但是在本质上是不允许这种行为的。那么在社会领域里面， 社会赋予的权利对应的就是相关的义务，个人要承担起自己的责任， 一些犯罪行为，无论借口如何合理，还是无法彻底免除法律惩罚的

第二，我们应该意识到的是，从心理学和人类学的角度说，社会环境和文化环境确实对人的行为起到了一定的影响作用， 这种作用有正面的，也有负面的，尤其是在那种人没有形成完全的认知和分析能力的时候，这种影响尤为明显。

第三， 认识到以上两点，就使我们能更好一个人行为背后真正的内外因原因， 甚至对我们对下一代的教育方法论都会起到一定作用。

剩下大家自己补充。

雨&彩虹UID：132532

Is the concept of individual responsibility really a fiction for the sake that external forces largely determine people’s behavior? Or should individual should be wholly responsible for their doing no matter how the outside condition is really like? To plumb into this inquiry, we need to go further to examine the internal traits as well as the outside influence to find the true impetus behind what we call as individual responsibility. I thus agree that it is the individual that should be accountable for its own action under most cases.

We respect people as rational individuals and independent organic of society and thus put certain responsibility on them to ensure the proper function of the whole system. One function of education is to nourish youngsters bearing this awareness, which will prepare them to be qualified citizens in the future. Although the outside environment and cultural background occupy a remarkable place in our personality development and immediate reaction to circumstances.

Family, the micro- component of a society, depends on individual to take certain responsibility, such as raise and educate children, ensure the basic survival through hard working, provide shelter and spiritual security. It is true that during years of harsh economic depression, these requirements would hardly be met due to the outside environment, but even under these unexpected situations, we still rely each member of the family to take individual responsibility to overcome these hardships. Another example is that in the business world, leaders of a company assume that every member will properly consider his responsibility and thus hold each one to be accountable for their own action. Any excuses to downplay the task assigned and profit losing resulted by breaching of duty will be consider total irresponsibility of their own making instead of appealing outside factors and thus ensure the proper function of the whole system. To extend this to a larger extent, in our society, we expect that each member perform its due duty and the law is a obligation for member to be adhered  to no matter how logical well- argued reasons they have for their misdoing. For example, if a person kills his wife, no matter how he claim his madness over his wife’s extra-marriage sexual behavior, or ignorance towards to family responsibility, he will be subject to the sentence  of law on the basic conception that he is a reasonable individual to be accountable for his own doing.

On the other hand, we should avoid put too much a burden on individuals since it is well admitted by anthropologists and psychologist that social environment and cultural background do play an importance in forming certain behavior and shaping people’s responsibility. For example, a child being brought up in a poor area full of illiterates, drunkard, he will intend to imitate their modes of talking, ways of behavior which will absolutely not of their own making or choices and what is more even a teenagers displaying certain logical thinking would find it hard to escape this kind of negative influence. This example is not aiming to demonstrate that if a child brought up in this environment happens to be a illiterate, drunkard or criminal, he would exonerate himself of all accusing, but this does shed light on how we should evaluate a person fully and completely in both considering his internal traits and outside influences. In my point of view, this also provides a sound educational methodology on how to cultivate next generation.

呵呵，结尾我就先不写了，

angeikimUID：4857

generally speaking, every normal person makes decisions as a result of ration, which is to say, when a person decides to do smth, he should have already considered the consequenses, which means  a person definitely has to be responsible for his/ her own behavior.  

however, in most cases, this personal decision is influenced by many outside factors, such as social convetions, peer pressure, laws, etc.

天地无用UID：112318

楼主的态度是支持型阿...

可是哲学课上有个很重要的结论就是内因外因对于事物的作用,内因起主导作用阿.
不过不太好写...

angeikimUID：4857

how about when outside factors totally changed the nature of inside ones?

cloudburstUID：136140

人本主义心理学家认为人是应当为自己的行为负责任的。
例如：一摇滚歌手吸毒酗酒早逝，有人将其死亡归咎于社会，因为被父母隔离疏远后来被警察纠缠周围人给他压力等等生活中的种种不幸使他最终走上这条路，但有人认为他应该为自己的行为负责任，具体观点记不清了，大意应该是说没有人强迫他这么做，人应该为自己的行为负主要责任，虽然有时会受环境影响，但是我们有自由意志因此有能力决定自己的命运和方向。（这是教科书上的例子）

paisleyUID：64183

最初由 cloudburst 发布
[B]人本主义心理学家认为人是应当为自己的行为负责任的。
例如：一摇滚歌手吸毒酗酒早逝，有人将其死亡归咎于社会，因为被父母隔离疏远后来被警察纠缠周围人给他压力等等生活..

以下省略...... [/B]

你说的这个我一直比较迷惑。还没好好想过，看书太少了。没啥好说的了。

enso1600UID：135796

这是三月的题吧

cloudburstUID：136140

最初由 paisley 发布
[B][QUOTE]最初由 cloudburst 发布
[B]你说的这个我一直比较迷惑。还没好好想过，看书太少了。没啥好说的了。
[/B]

其实我也觉得会越说越绕进去。点到为止吧，不知就写到上面的观点不再深入判卷人认可否。

对了，自由意志怎么说？（汗～～）

雨&彩虹UID：132532

自由意志 FREE WILL

tomatoeggsUID：82073

最初由 angeikim 发布
[B]how about when outside factors totally changed the nature of inside ones? [/B]

I think, from the philosophical perspective, it's impossible, but rather, the internal could be changed a little but still remains most of the part by the external.

angeikimUID：4857

actually, i dont think so. since the internal personality is formed according to the outside influence, such as the culture one is in, social conventions,  etc.

so, under this kinda circumstance, i can draw a conclusion that outside influences are the most important resolved factors to the internal nature.

it is like to say, human is born sin or the opposite?  or no charaters at all in the very beginning? which factors influence us? outside factors, right?

^_^ so... ^_^

ilikeappleUID：135385

individuals should take the responsibility for what they have done, otherwise, the external factors can be used as excuses for their wrongdoings and the regulatiion and laws could exert no real effect on the individulals.

but the external factors can not neglected either, for as social creatures, human beings can not live without the influence from the outside.  eg. social pressure as a politican.

天地无用UID：112318

i firmly believe that it is not necessarily to drive internal personality into the opposion of the enviroment factors,
by this i mean these two points sometimes interwine to form organic whole, thus being more persuasive than anyone single.
So,  any thinking person should be able to reconsile the two.

angeikimUID：4857

最初由 ilikeapple 发布
[B]individuals should take the responsibility for what they have done, otherwise, the external factors can be used as excuses for their wrongdoings and the regulat..

[/B]

good point! bingo ^_^