issue136 高频考题，根据paisleyJJ的思路写的，欢迎排砖！

happyman2000UID: 136936

超时3分钟，在WORD下只检查出2个拼写错误，哈哈！

136"The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."

I fundamentally disagree with the speaker on the argument that the absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare. When people make their choices, what they should take into consideration is not simply their free will, but also all kinds of objective constraints and conditions that can greatly affect their decisions and behaviors.

In the first place, people are subject to the constraints of all kinds of material conditions when they make individual choices. Obviously, one must firstly consider whether the economy and the science in his/her time can afford what he/she desires for. No one can choose, for example, to make a private tour in the moon, no matter how wealthy and powerful he/she may be. Moreover, people differ greatly in their knowledge, intelligence, private wealth and other personal conditions, which determine that they must take all these personal distinctions into their consideration when making choices. Anyone who earns only two thousand dollars per month is certain to have no possibility to purchase some highly expensive luxuries; likewise, a student with comparatively poor intelligence and academic performance, of course, will be refused by some famous universities such as the Stanford, even if this student vehemently aspires to attend these universities. Last but not least, the degree of development in their nation can also impact a massive influence on individual choices. When the America can freely choose something that be viewed as the innate rights and possibilities of any individual, all of us are inclined to ignore such a shocking fact that most people in some backward developing countries are suffering from the serious shortage of food, medicines and other indispensable requisites. Therefore, it is completely ungrounded to utter that it is a very rare circumstance without choice.        

Not only material conditions but also the state of democracy can play a significant role in determining people's choice. When people make their decision and determine to take actions, they must examine whether their thoughts and behaviors are consistent with the requirement of laws and other compulsory social norms in their nation. In this sense, any personal choice is bound to be scrutinized by the democratic environment in the society. The more advanced the democracy, the more possibility individuals would obtain to free choice. In some wealthy but totalitarian countries, although people can freely purchase the commodities that they want, they have no right to express their personal views about governments, political leaders and other public issues. Obviously, a democratic and tolerant social environment that results from the development of democracy is another prerequisite for free choice of people.

To sum up, personal choice is not simply a matter of individual decision and action; it is subject to many social constraints that are independent of individuals. In the nature of things, the material conditions and the development of democracy constitute the main concerns that people must seriously take into account when they decide to make choices. （487 words）

yellowchildrenUID: 134407

觉得不错。。。本来自己写是想写正面观点的。。。看了你的，觉得写反面反而容易些。。。正面好像不好举例子。。。

happyman2000UID: 136936

正面其实也是可以的,关键是要自圆其说!

QQsugarUID: 136441

写的挺好的哦，没什么意见可提。
另： 恭喜happyman限时成功哦，嗯，有前途。。

happyman2000UID: 136936

最初由 QQsugar 发布
[B]写的挺好的哦，没什么意见可提。
另： 恭喜happyman限时成功哦，嗯，有前途。。 [/B]

时间是减下来了，可字数和质量也accordingly下来了！

木耳UID: 123036

恭喜恭喜，限时太重要了。

yellowchildrenUID: 134407

时间是减下来了，可字数和质量也accordingly下来了！

倒不觉得，字数虽比较少些，反倒觉得比原来清晰，原来有时看你的文章觉得有点绕。。。这篇觉得挺好。。。

QQsugarUID: 136441

这个问题我也有啦，不过没关系的，在多写几篇，质量也就上来了。
唉， 我现在苦恼的是我的拼写，好多的小bug哦。。。

hehuiUID: 134334

我从大的方面往小的方面说吧。

1.文章的大体结构：
总体是好的，也是很标准的，尤其是开头和结尾：没有废话，只有精华，看上去很爽；但是中间两个支持段连接词你应该注意一下，因为他们对暗示读者段落关系很重要。
你用的是：in the first place,和not only, but also.意思上是没错，但我个人觉得从他们暗示的段落关系上不太妥
如果你真是认为两个支持段关系完全平等，那就可以用first, second或in the first place这种没有主次的词
如果有主次，那么一般会把主要的放在前面，主要的方面用the primary ....is 引出；下一段次要的方面用next, 或...is also important引出
如果是递进关系，就是not only, but also

我感觉你的观点还是有主次之分的。并且从文章对称美和处于让读者更容易地把握分论点，都应该注意连接词的运用。

2.段落结构：主要说说第一分论点
你里面也是讲了三个方面：国家的经济科技水平、个人能力（包括财力和智力）、国家发达程度；这里同样也存在连接词混用问题，你用的是obvious, moreover, the last but not the least, 如果能统一成一种模式读起来会比较容易。

还有，你可以将三个层面按照一定逻辑排列，比如从大到小，就是先讲国家、再讲个人，这样不会让人觉得你是想到哪写到哪

最后，就是一、三两个层面很相似啊，是不是？

3.例子的说服力
看了你第二段的几个例子：上月球、差生考大学，我觉得都不是题目所说的absence of choice ，而象是一种意愿不能达到的感觉。
我是这样理解的：没有选择是指，比如说有5条路，但四条都不能走了，剩下的一条是你唯一能走的，也就是没有选择了；而意愿没有达到是指，你想走5条路，走了其中一条，但发现走不通，但并不表示其他路走不通，是你没有做其他选择。

哎呀，说的很混乱，希望你能看懂。总之就是觉得例子有点牵强。

呵呵，以上是个人意见啊，尤其是连接词那些话，真是我的个人偏好而已。

happyman2000UID: 136936

to hehui：你的意见很好很好，我全部接受。多谢！

hehuiUID: 134334

136.The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare.

简要提纲：
1.为了后面的展开限制（定义）题目中的关键词-absence是相对的，有级别的，并给出理由
（然后按照级别分段论述）
2.绝对的“无选择”情况：有但很少-1.“命运因素” 2.完全丧失选择权利的人
3.有限的“无选择”情况：个人因处于社会中的地位与层次不同，相应地选择的范围大小也不同
4.大多数情况都是我们面临很多选择的：一个小青年找工作的小例子说明-选择是有地，但要靠自己找地

5.再次点出我的论点：同意原题，但是是有条件地同意


Before giving my opinion, I want to emphasize that the word absence should be considered a relative state, instead of the rigid meaning of completely nil for the following two reasons. One is that the world, from its primitive time, has been offering an unlimited number of possibilities, which ensure that we are out of the question without any choice. The other is that we human beings have our own wills, in other words, have authority to decide on anything with regard to ourselves; we can accept, reject, compete compromise and do whatever helping lead our good lives. Thus the assertion that the absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare is strongly reasonable.

Admittedly, there are things, though very rare, we cannot decide on, things in relation to the so-called destiny. For example, we cannot choose which family to born into; we cannot choose our blood parents; we cannot choose our inborn natures though the new genetic technology suggests that we may to some extent reform or change them. Also on some extreme occasions, certain groups of people may be bereft of their power to make choices, such as life-long prisoners or people who suffer severe mental disability.

More often, it is ourselves who bring the various degrees of diminished choices. As social members we can never escape the fates to be confined to limited choices, because in any type of societies, the available choices will not be equitably distributed among all people. When we build up our society, we also automatically orient ourselves in it, that is to fit ourselves into certain positions and classes within it. Obviously, the top class of the society, including the rich, influential politicians and bureaucrats and business magnates enjoy a relatively wide range of choices while the lower classes face a narrow one.

However in most cases, there is a multiplicity of choices in front of us, but we sometimes tend to neglect them. Then why we always hear people claim that life's circumstances leave them with "no choice". A young graduate may receive only one job offer among his tens of interviews so that he may complain that he has no choice but to go to that job. Nevertheless, actually it is the gap between reality and his own expectation that prevents him to discover those potential choices. If he keeps on searching instead of staying put to wait for a decent job to hit him, he will be exposed to more choices. Choices will not be there unless we try our best to find them all.

In sum, based on a flexible understanding of the absence of one's choice, I agree to the above assertion. Though there are cases that we would face circumstances without choice, most often we have plenty of possibilities to make our decisions, though sometimes an imperfectly limited number of choices.

happyman2000UID: 136936

先收藏，晚上看！

happyman2000UID: 136936

第一个层面是从全人类的经济和科技发展水平说的，第三个层次是从单个国家的经济和科技发展水平说的，还是有区别的。当然，表述是不够清楚的。

你对absence of choice 的理解很是sharp，从你的角度来讲可能是对的。我的理解可能比较宽泛的，当你拥有1亿美元的财富时，你的财富约束几乎等于零，选择余地当然很大很大；但你只有1千美元时，你的选择范围当然就非常小了。考大学也是一样，你素质好，分数高，北大清华随你挑，选择余地当然大；如果只能考个大专线，当然你无权挑三拣四了。技术的约束也是类似的。

sacrabUID: 140880

happyman2000,还是要限时！超时3分钟很多了，足够你写个结尾啦！如果考试是没有结尾，那就……我认为应该提早3分钟差不多

happyman2000UID: 136936

最初由 sacrab 发布
[B]happyman2000,还是要限时！超时3分钟很多了，足够你写个结尾啦！如果考试是没有结尾，那就……我认为应该提早3分钟差不多 [/B]

有道理，悉心接受！