IBT阅读小组【20120601开始启用】

秋雨荆州UID: 2903781

新建的阅读小组目的是给大家提供一个互相交流学习，提高托福阅读水平的平台，要感谢sin版的无私付出，以下为本小组的规则作业材料：JJ

训练方法：限时1 小时做题每日一套还需要：po 错题到你们的任务帖里面写明你们解题过程，只要按时完成，sin版和酱油秋雨会按时解答


规则：
1. 请假不做作业的不得超过2 次
2. 晚交作业不得超过3 次
3. 无故不交作业1 次就remove

作业格式：作业日期+作业链接; y2 d; H" Z. p) V4 q4 Z) h  x
占座格式：作业日期+作业类型
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规则：
Deadline：凌晨1:00
如何参加活动？
Step 1 在论坛开一个自己的备考贴，以后的作业都贴在后面7 V3 k& X0 h0 W7 [" t9 V& V6 |1 x* B9 F6 O8 }# T0 `" d
Step 2 根据当天的作业做作业
Step 3 贴在自己的作文贴里，并在本帖回复，内容是：作业日期+作业链接（请不要直接在本帖中直接贴作业哦）  * K3 Z- ?2 a5 }( u1 {. ?

沙发：每天阅读题目。5 P" s( Q7 ]  `! \" Z
周一至周六布置作业，每周日休息！:loveliness:

新建一个群，群号240949478

秋雨荆州UID: 2903781

儿童节作业：TPO 10
0602作业：TPO11
0603作业：TPO12
0604作业：TPO14
0605作业：TPO15
0606作业：TPO16
0607作业：TPO17

FelislynxUID: 3317754

有了总任务贴就不需要另外一直开贴了吧0 0.

rjj21664264UID: 3004467

TPO10错了5个----求看解题思路，是不是有问题

Paragraph 2: The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian, burial, trade-collectors', or even ritual objects, according to their quality and the era in which they were made. The ceramics fall into three broad types—earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain—for vessels, architectural items such as roof tiles, and modeled objects and figures. In addition, there was an important group of sculptures made for religious use, the majority of which were produced in earthenware.

1.The word “status” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ origin
○ importance
○ quality
○ design
【词汇题，pass】

2. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?
○ The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty.
○ The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects.
○ There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics over time.
○ Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of ceramics.
【分析：事实题
选项A，本末倒置，定位在第一句，vary跟选项中same取反，错；
选项B，无中生有，文中没有提到此信息；
选项C，无中生有，定位第一句，形容词little错；
选项D，正确，定位最后一句】

Paragraph 3: The earliest ceramics were fired to earthenware temperatures, but as early as the fifteenth century B.C., high-temperature stonewares were being made with glazed surfaces. During the Six Dynasties period (AD 265-589), kilns in north China were producing high-fired ceramics of good quality. Whitewares produced in Hebei and Henan provinces from the seventh to the tenth centuries evolved into the highly prized porcelains of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1279), long regarded as one of the high points in the history of China's ceramic industry. The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament. Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-color lead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip—as well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value.

3. The word “evolve” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ divided
○ extended
○ developed
○ vanished
【词汇题，pass】

4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ While stonewares and porcelains are found throughout most historical periods, religious sculpture is limited to the ancient period.
○ Religious sculpture was created in most periods, but its history is less clear than that of stonewares or porcelains because some old forms continued to be used even when new ones were developed.
○ While stonewares and porcelains changed throughout history, religious sculpture remained uniform in form and use.
○ The historical development of religious sculpture is relatively unclear because religious sculptures sometimes resemble earthenware architectural ornaments.
【分析：highllight题
不知道怎么分析，经常错：我是根据比较、原因两个关系找到正确选项的】

5. Paragraph 3 supports all of the following concerning the history of the ceramic industry in China EXCEPT:
○ The earliest high-fired ceramics were of poor quality.
○ Ceramics produced during the Tang and Ming dynasties sometimes incorporated multiple colors.
○ Earthenware ceramics were produced in China before stonewares were.
○ The Song dynasty period was notable for the production of high quality porcelain ceramics.
【分析：except题，选出的答案必定跟文中相反或不存在的
选中A，定位第2句，跟事实相反，good和选项poor取反；
选项B,根据大写单词Tang和Ming定位最后一句；
选项C，定位第一句，before和early都有表示时间先后关系，根据earliest理解；
选项D，根据大写单词Song定位；】

Paragraph 4: Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. One of the most far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD. Chinese porcelain wares imported into the Arab world. So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture. From the Middle East the Chinese acquired a blue pigment—a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at that time in China—that contained only a low level of manganese. Cobalt ores found in China have a high manganese content, which produces a more muted blue-gray color. In the seventeenth century, the trading activities of the Dutch East India Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain being brought to Europe, which stimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety of wares, notably Delft. The Chinese themselves adapted many specific vessel forms from the West, such as bottles with long spouts, and designed a range of decorative patterns especially for the European market.

6. The word “instigate” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ improved
○ investigated
○ narrowed
○ caused
【词汇题，错了】

7. According to paragraph 4, one consequence of the trade of Chinese ceramics was
○ the transfer of a distinctive blue pigment from China to the Middle East
○ an immediate change from earthenware production to porcelain production in European countries
○ Chinese production of wares made for the European market
○ a decreased number of porcelain vessels available on the European market
【分析：事实题----错选B
选项A，from…to…对象弄反了；
选择C，应该是Chinese porcelain made for the European market吧？
选项D，无中生有，decreased形容词修饰错误；
正确选项B，应该是根据result in=consequence得出的】

Paragraph 5: Just as painted designs on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, whereas in fact they were carefully and precisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it is with Chinese pots. To twentieth-century eyes, Chinese pottery may appear merely decorative, yet to the Chinese the form of each object and its adornment had meaning and significance. The dragon represented the emperor, and the phoenix, the empress; the pomegranate indicated fertility, and a pair of fish, happiness; mandarin ducks stood for wedded bliss; the pine tree, peach, and crane are emblems of long life; and fish leaping from waves indicated success in the civil service examinations. Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost.

8. The word “whereas” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ while
○ previously
○ surprisingly
○ because
【词汇题，pass】

9. In paragraph 5, the author compares the designs on Chinese pots to those on Greek pots in order to
○ emphasize that while Chinese pots were decorative, Greek pots were functional
○ argue that the designs on Chinese pots had specific meanings and were not just decorative
○ argue that twentieth-century scholars are better able to understand these designs than were ancient scholars
○ explain how scholars have identified the meaning of specific images on Chinese pots
【分析：目的题----错选D
定位第一句话解题】

10. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 5 as being symbolically represented on Chinese ceramics?
○ Chinese rulers
○ love of homeland
○ loyally to friends
○ success in trade
【分析：细节题----错选C
在文中举例中找，正确答案A】

11. Paragraph 5 suggests which of the following about the decorations on Chinese pottery?
○ They had more importance for aristocrats than for ordinary citizens.
○ Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.
○ They contain some of the same images that appear on Greek pots
○ Their significance is now as clear to twentieth century observers as it was to the early Chinese.
【分析：推断题
定位最后一句话解题】

Paragraph 6: From early times pots were used in both religious and secular contexts. The imperial court commissioned work and in the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1279-1368) an imperial ceramic factory was established at Jingdezhen. Pots played an important part in some religious ceremonies. Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots, although these sometimes confuse an already large and complicated picture.

12. The word “these” in the passage refers to
○ religious ceremonies
○ descriptions
○ types of ware
○ pots
【指代题---错选C
正确B】

Paragraph 4: Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. One of the most far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD. Chinese porcelain wares imported into the Arab world. ■So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture. ■From the Middle East the Chinese acquired a blue pigment—a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at that time in China—that contained only a low level of manganese. Cobalt ores found in China have a high manganese content, which produces a more muted blue-gray color. ■In the seventeenth century, the trading activities of the Dutch East India Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain being brought to Europe, which stimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety of wares, notably Delft. ■The Chinese themselves adapted many specific vessel forms from the West, such as bottles with long spouts, and designed a range of decorative patterns especially for the European market.

13. Look at the four squares [■]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Foreign trade was also responsible for certain innovations in coloring.
Where could the sentence best fit?

14．Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Ceramics have been produced in China for a very long time.
●
●
●
Answer choices
○ The Chinese produced earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain pottery and they used their ceramics for a variety of utilitarian, architectural, and ceremonial purposes.
○ The shape and decoration of ceramics produced for religious use in China were influenced by Chinese ceramics produced for export.
○ As a result of trade relations, Chinese ceramic production changed and Chinese influenced the ceramics production of other countries.
○ Chinese burial ceramics have the longest and most varied history of production and were frequently decorated with written texts that help scholars date them.
○ Before China had contact with the West, the meaning of various designs used to decorate Chinese ceramics was well understood.
○ Ceramics made in imperial factories were used in both religious and non-religious contexts.

【难得全对】

rjj21664264UID: 3004467

TPO10 第二篇 （错2个）

1. According to paragraph 1, which of thefollowing must we find out in order to determine the impact of human activitiesupon climate?
○
The major changes in climate over the past millennia
○
The degree to which the climatevaries naturally
○
The best method for measuring climatic change
○
The millennium when humans began tointerfere with the climate

【分析：事实题----错选D

正确选项B，定位至最后一句，这句话太长了，晕啊】

3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essentialinformation in the highlightedsentence
in the passage? Incorrect choices changethe meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○
Because physical and chemicalproperties of substances are unchanging, they are useful records of climatefluctuations over time.
○
For hundreds or thousands of years, people have been observing changesin the chemical and physical properties of substancesin order to infer climate change.
○
Because it takes long periods oftime for the climate to change, systematic changes in the properties of substancesare difficult to observe.
○
Changes in systematicallydeposited substances that are affected by climate can indicate climate variations over time.

【highlight题-----错选B；highlight题是一大弱项啊】

rjj21664264UID: 3004467

TPO10 第三篇（错了4个）
1. According to paragraph 1, what was trueof Europe during the medieval period?
○ Agriculturalproductivity declined.
○ There was relatively little economicgrowth.
○ Thegeneral level of prosperity declined.
○ Foreign trade began to play an important rolein the economy.

【分析：事实题----错选D

lift out解除；选项B正确；

但选项D也没发现错误呀？】

10. According to paragraph 7, until theeighteenth century, it was the principal function of which of the following toprovide funds for the state?
○
Bills of exchange
○
Exchangers who took loans
○
Banks
○
Business investment
【其实是一个指代题，定位最后一句，找出their所指代的意思】

13. Look at the foursquares [■] that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage.
They could also avoid havingto identify and assess the value of a wide variety of coins issued in many different places.
Where wouldthe sentence best fit?
【插入题：错选A
正确选项C，后面的举例就是为了说明这句话】


14．Directions: An introductorysentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete thesummary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas inthe passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they expressideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

●
●
●

Answer choices

○
Bringing more land undercultivation produced enough food to create surpluses for trade and investment as well as for supporting the largerpopulations that led to the growth of rural industry.

○
Most rural villages established anarrangement with a nearby urban center that enabled villagers to take advantage of urban markets to sell anyhandicrafts they produced.

○
Increases in population and theexpansion of trade led to increased manufacturing, much of it small-scale in character but some requiringsignificant capital investment.

○
Increasedcapital was required for the production of goods, for storage, for trade, andfor the provision of credit throughout of Europe as well as distant marketsoverseas.

○
Bills of exchange were invented inmedieval Italy but became less important as banks began to provide loans for merchants.

○
The expansion of trade was facilitated bydevelopments in banking and financial services and benefitted from thehuge influx of capital in the form of gold silver from the Americas.


【最后一个多选题，毫无意外的错了---请问这题有何答题技巧呢？】

秋雨荆州UID: 2903781

第一题：直接提到medieval period的句子只有the relatively less prosperous，最后一句是说16、17世纪交替时期的growth。所以选B。D选项并没有直接提到，就算是推断题也不是恰当的答案，虽然提到了trade expansion，但是trade与economy之间的关系并没有根据。仅供参考。
最后一题：
○* x* s# s2 b: [1 d. B% Q) u, bBringing more land undercultivation produced enough food to create surpluses for trade and investment as well as for supporting the largerpopulations that led to the growth of rural industry.  √ 文章第三段的总结

○Most rural villages established anarrangement with a nearby urban center that enabled villagers to take advantage of urban markets to sell anyhandicrafts they produced.  × 没找到根据啊，a nearby urban center完全没出现

○Increases in population and theexpansion of trade led to increased manufacturing, much of it small-scale in character but some requiringsignificant capital investment.  √ 文章第四段的总结

○0 m( L; N' T8 O- eIncreasedcapital was required for the production of goods, for storage, for trade, andfor the provision of credit throughout of Europe as well as distant marketsoverseas.  × 对照第八段的第二句，benefit的关系，而不是必须的关系。

○Bills of exchange were invented inmedieval Italy but became less important as banks began to provide loans for merchants. × less important 不对吧。

○2 x2 \; _: o) l9 TThe expansion of trade was facilitated bydevelopments in banking and financial services and benefitted from thehuge influx of capital in the form of gold silver from the Americas.7 |" J3 y& E, o/ e* N& h 6asd666666√ 6、8段的总结




6# rjj21664264

秋雨荆州UID: 2903781

最后一题没啥技巧可以分享，只是说说我做时候的方法。在全文大意基本把握的情况下仔细阅读每一个选项，也许不能判断某个选项一定是正确的，但是至少能够找出明显错误的一到两个，排除。然后就是仔细验证每一个选项了。我自己的经验觉得，最后一题排除的选项基本上肯定是错的，但是觉得是对的未必是真正的答案，所以最后决定之前一定尽量在原文中找到依据。仅供参考 6# rjj21664264

rjj21664264UID: 3004467

7# 秋雨荆州 秋雨真细心，谢谢~ 怎么阅读好像大家都没啥问题，感觉我问题特别多，哎

rjj21664264UID: 3004467

TPO 14


第一篇


8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrectchoices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essentialinformation.
○Rationalappeals in advertising are certainly limited by children's emotional immaturityand the indirect nature of their associations.
○Indirect appeals to children's psychological states or associationscan limit the effectiveness of rational appeals in advertising.
○Rationalappeals play a much smaller role in advertisements for children than emotionalappeals and psychological associations do.
○Rational appeals in advertising aimed at children should certainlybe limited until the children are emotionally and psychologically ready.
【错选A和B，正确C；A已经发现是错误的了，但B是为什么错呢？】

rjj21664264UID: 3004467

TPO14阅读第三篇



9. According to paragraph 4, the factthat pastoralist communities are subject to “strict rulesof portability” encourages such communities to
○relocateless frequently than they would otherwise
○have householdsthat are more or less equal in wealth
○becomeself-sufficient in the manufacture of silk and jewelry
○share large materialsurpluses with neighboring communities


【错选B，正确D；请问是为什么呢？】


10. Accordingto paragraph 4, all of the following are true of social inequality inpastoralist societies EXCEPT:
○Itexists and has existed to some degree in most pastoral societies.
○It is most marked during periods ofmilitary conquest.
○It is expressed inthe form of a rigid hierarchy based largely on heredity.
○Itis usually too insignificant to be discussed in terms of class differences.


【分析：错选了B；正确C ，为什么？】

rjj21664264UID: 3004467

TPO15 阅读问题贴
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1385392-1-1.html

猛龙过江UID: 3220220

阅读
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mo ... xtra=#pid1776043796