分类讨论：学习题材 第六组 177 179 183 PURPOSE AND EFFECT

imongUID: 140258

这是学习类题目讨论的最后一组。前五个主题都放在文摘区里面，也希望大家能够继续跟帖讨论！

第六组共三道题目：

177. "The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes."

179. "What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but certainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything."

183. "As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious."

都是传说中的经典思辨题目啊~ 自由发言开始 :)

LiunaUID: 150270

117 The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes."
academic discipline 在不断的开拓我们对于未知世界的认识，有了深入的认识，我们会更多的发现以前不能认识到的问题，从而研究的角度就会可能有所转变。就像一个园 随着面积的不断扩大 周边所涉及的方面就会越多 很多新的角度就会自然而然的产生。也可以例举一些随着academic discipline 的发展 而产生的新学科 比如原子物理学

179. "What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but certainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything."
这种做法是不恰当的，首先：对于已经确信的理论或观点 也是有历史和时代的局限性的 不可能永远都适用 比如说社会制度的变革 没种社会制度在刚刚诞生时都声称或确实是最优的 但是随着时间的推移 好多都不再适用和有效了 所以确信的东西不一定永远正确。 其次：只有不断的探索和不满足于现状 才能获得知识 人类才能不断进步 这也是需要具有冒险和开放的思想的 例如：在尝试发明飞机时 莱特兄弟就做了很多次冒险的飞行 不断的开放思想 大胆的模拟鸟类的身体结构

183. "As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious."
和117 好像差不多 就是把结论的角度换一下就可以了 比喻一样
例子可以举：人们对于宇宙的认识过程，从地月系 到 太阳系 到银河系 等等 随着知道的越多 知道了更多天体种类 形态 性质 宇宙就变得越来越神秘 越来越博大 等等

LiunaUID: 150270

抛砖引玉哦 。。。

mcsweetieUID: 153655

179. 可以引用到American present Presidential Campaign的例子，人们需要certainty of a satisfactory president，这需要大家对candidates的knowledge，不仅如此，还需要积极地参与才可以assurance

YevgrafUID: 154550

177. "The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes."

Position: agree
1. economics: 一切影响我们生活的经济活动（举例）为何发生
2. maths: 抽象具体世界的能力，精确描述对象的语言
3. history: 通过历史洞悉人类规律，理性面对未来

179. "What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but certainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything."

Position: agree
1.人们害怕不确定的未来。自然/社会规律可以预见未来因而使人安心。人们喜欢规律的建立(followers of Pythagoras)，厌恶规律的消失（"God does not play dice" vs quantum mechanics）
2.真正的科学研究往往是富有自我颠覆精神的。科学家接受令人不安的新事实，并因此发展新的理论。固守旧理论往往阻滞进步。(举例……)
3.先行者和一般人的区别:伟大和平凡，获得安慰和孤独...

183. "As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious."
agree
1。表面上的，直接的东西往往是容易理解的，越深入的知识往往越抽象而难以理解
2。更高层次的知识往往牵涉到更多表面并不相关的现象，需要更专业的描述语言，因此更加复杂。
3。没有一种知识体系是完备无暇的，新的知识往往伴随着新的，更困难的问题。

poohUID: 146994

177
以前写的提纲：只是轮廓，可能不是整句
1The study of science ,mathematics and some social science subjects enable us to interprate the world ,to dig down into the core of things with relevant knowledge and laws

2 To rectify our old knowledg system ， to insight the same world with more scientific eyes.
  e.g. no more superstitious

3 some humanities like art, music and literature give us abundent feelings towards the world.
  e.g. I like reading poem which inspires my imagination. So when I encounter some words in a book or newpaper, it is so interesting that they seem to be all alive, some smiling at me, some looked sad ,and some seeming romantic, though these words have never changed a little.

yelinannanUID: 141405

pooh:

some humanities like art, music and literature give us abundent feelings towards the world.

:)abundent-->abundant

e.g. I like reading poem which inspires my imagination. So when I encounter some words in a book or newpaper, it is so interesting that they seem to be all alive, some smiling at me, some looked sad ,and some seeming romantic, though these words have never changed a little.

个人感受可以用作论证么?这样不是每个题目都可以发一堆感想?
Yevgraf:

2。更高层次的知识往往牵涉到更多表面并不相关的现象，需要更专业的描述语言，因此更加复杂。

好象不好举例

poohUID: 146994

As far as I know, you can exemplify your own experience as long as it is proper, but never go too far.

YevgrafUID: 154550

to yelinannan:
我当时想用电力和磁力最终被发展为电磁场理论作为第一个例子，用Maxwell equation作接下来的第二个例子。

imongUID: 140258

突然感觉183和137比较像

137"What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for another."

183"As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious."

应该说有共通的地方吧。

galaxysongUID: 152834

楼上各位的讨论都挺有深度。有些地方说得有点远，不过无妨。
我个人人为真正写的时候，最好不要太深刻，以免影响行文。老外所谓的insight其实都很浅显。
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117 The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes."

I agree, of course. Can anyone disagree?
OUTLINE:
I agree, and even would go further.
1 Gerenally, any academic discipline can afford one, who has truly learnt them, powerful tools to measure, evaluate the world and find meanings behind events and phenomena.
2 Moreover, different disciplines endow a student with different, and even contradicting in some respects, eyes.
3 We need caution not to be bigoted disciples who believe in their eyes too much to accept other views about the real world.

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179. "What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but certainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything."

I agree.
1 Knowledge has dual function: on one hand, it conducts applications, which embodies knowledge; on the other hand, it directs research, which breed new knowledge. The former brings certainty while the latter uncertainty.
2 Most people, other than few scientists and alike, only use knowledge as an invisible tool to solve problems and, in turn, attain certainty which amounts to security from difficult troubles.
3 Understandably, certainty brings more benefits to common people than does truth. Without truth, they usually still live well, while without certainty, they are doomed, deprived of all anticipations.

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183. "As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious."

I strongly agree.
1 A history of knowledge is also a history of questions. One question was answered only to find another question lies beneath the answer.
2 Ken has boundary. Every tested theory is built on a set of hypotheses and thus sets its boundary, beyond which stand questions disobedient to these hypotheses.
3 When the range of our ken expands, as knowledge advances, more questions with no known presumptions emerge to challenge us.

yelinannanUID: 141405

我当时想用电力和磁力最终被发展为电磁场理论作为第一个例子，用Maxwell equation作接下来的第二个例子。

是个不错的例子.

issue117:

3 We need caution not to be bigoted disciples who believe in their eyes too much to accept other views about the real world.

主题是对学科的研习和看世界的眼光之间的关系,上面这点是合理的扩展呢,还是跑题? 觉得自己这个分寸拿捏不准.

poohUID: 146994

同意imong,我也觉得差不多，137是不是还暗含了：progress gives birth to problems?

galaxysong, 179是不是忽略了 Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open

yelinannanUID: 141405

Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks 他有写的:while without certainty, they are doomed, deprived of all anticipations.
另外,issue不必把topic的全部内容反映出来吧,抓住key meanings发表观点.这种理解准确么?各位

poohUID: 146994

yelinannan:   First,  I do not think he has adressed what I mentioned above; Second, I do not agree with what you said "issue不必把topic的全部内容反映出来吧,抓住key meanings发表观点". Because I once read an essy critiqued by ETS and the comments said that the author accept the premise of the issue topic without validating it . Moreover, if you have ever read the BULLETIN ,  it points out that you shoud ask yoursefl " Does the claim make certain assumptions? If so, are they resonable?"