[经验思考] issue入门系列之二：1+3模型构建复杂而整合的思路 [复制链接]

tesolchina
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发表于 2015-4-21 09:14:23 |显示全部楼层

本帖最后由 tesolchina 于 2015-10-1 22:00 编辑

我在批改网友习作时首先要看的是开头段和中间段的第一句。如果认真学习过1+3模型的同学，在开头段结尾部分必然会有一个由3个要点组成的观点，有时候可能是三句话，也可能是一句话里有三个点组成的并列结构。而中间三段的开头分别回应开头段的三个点，这样就形成了一个中间段与开头段相互照应的局面。我比较喜欢用罗素先生的文章做例子。http://users.drew.edu/jlenz/br-prolog.html

请致函ETS要求公开issue和argument具体分数

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. ... 开头点出三个passion
中间三段分别讨论其中一个

I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy -

With equal passion I have sought knowledge.

Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth.

This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.

我在博客54楼也做了详细的解说

1+3模型的基本思想就是要主旨句(TS)和主题句(ts)的相互呼应，1个TS要包含3个点，概括3个ts。可以用以下伪码来概述：

TS (pt1, pt2, pt3)
ts (pt1)
ts (pt2)
ts (pt3)

以这道题为例

The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

我们要写出一个复杂而有层次的主旨句

Whether the statement holds true or not depends on which groups of people in the society are challenging the authority and in what ways. For groups of people such as secondary school students and workers in manufacturing sectors, challenging the school teachers and the factory supervisors will disrupt the normal operations of schools and factories that would harm the well-beings of the society. On the other hand, scientists should be encouraged to question the authority through which new theories can be developed and new technologies can be advanced to improve the productivity of the society.
这个主旨句将原题中的people具体化为三种人- 中学生、工人和科学家，并简略讨论针对三个全体的不同分论点。这样写要求第一段对观点做出较详细的阐述，可能和大家平时简略提出观点的做法不一样，需要适应。而这样做的好处就是读者可以一开始就清晰的看到我们全篇的脉络，而我们写中间段也有了一个纲要。

接下来三个主题句分别支持主旨句的一部分：

In institutions such as secondary schools, if students challenge the authority of their teachers, the schools will not operate normally and neither students nor teachers will benefit from the acts of questioning authority.
In places such as manufacturing factories, it is unnecessary and harmful for workers to question the authority and disobey the instructions of their supervisors.
While authorities should be respected in the above-mentioned contexts, scientific researchers should question the authority all the time in order to develop new theories and technologies for the progress of modern society.

这就是我所谓的1+3模型。

要用好这个1+3模型，关键是在写作习惯上要有一个根本的改变。很多同学准备GRE作文心浮气躁，一心想着用最短的时间写出足够的字数，以为这样就能拿高分。却不愿意花时间认真读题目，认真思考一道题背后的意思，认真地构建一个复杂而合理的论证。用1+3模型就是迫使同学们在写完第一段的时候，已经想好了一篇完整的文章架构，这样就不会出现挤牙膏式的写作，写到一半憋不出来了。当然，对于初学者也可能出现写完开头段就发现自己的思路很有问题、无法展开。我觉得这未必是坏事，与其盲目追求字数的乱写，倒不如一开始就发现问题和困难，花时间理清思路再动笔。

用1+3模型的另一个好处就是可以避免出现自相矛盾的情况。有不少同学受了李建林5.5的误导，总希望写一个正-反-合的文章，结果正-反两段往往互相矛盾，到了合的时候更不知所谓。按1+3模型写作，作者必须将几个分论点在开头段进行整合，一旦相互矛盾就很容易可以发现。

至于如何避免自相矛盾，下一讲“分情况讨论-issue立论必杀技”会继续讨论。

[经验思考] issue入门系列之二：1+3模型构建复杂而整合的思路 [复制链接]

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