[主题活动] 7月16日同主题练习 argument 87 [复制链接]

tesolchina
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发表于 2015-7-11 18:34:52 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

本帖最后由 tesolchina 于 2015-7-15 08:39 编辑

这道题在上一轮的练习中没有讨论，不过最近一次考试考过这道题，加上这是我自己比较喜欢的一道题，所以安排在今天。还是要求按照范文的思路来写。

14日大家写的argument 32出现两个问题请今天练习时注意
1. 大家受了老G的影响以为argument就是要攻击谬误，指出原argument如何不对。其实题目要求是要指出提出的假设，然后讨论假设对或不对将如何影响论证是否成立。因此不能说假设不对，而应该说它可能不对。
2. 由于argument的核心是讨论其他可能性，因此需要大量使用perhaps/maybe/could/might这类hedging词汇，而不能将可能发生的事写成实际发生的事情。

另外，请大家认真研读范文后写提纲然后计时写作

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

In a study of the reading habits of Waymarsh citizens conducted by the University of Waymarsh, most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material.

However, a second study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Waymarsh was the mystery novel.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading preferences.

85) In a study of the reading habits of Waymarsh citizens conducted by the University of Waymarsh, most respondents said that they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a second study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Waymarsh was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

我是根据85写的大家可以写85 也可以写87

The author of the argument concludes that the respondents in the first study must have lied about their reading habits as the public library records suggested that mystery novels were more frequently borrowed.  We need more information about the library records, the Waymarsh citizens’ reading habits and the design of the first survey in order to evaluate the soundness of the argument.

开头段先概括文章的结论然后主旨句概括后面从哪几个方面讨论

To begin with, we need to know more about the records and other aspects of public libraries to see if the reasoning is acceptable.  For example, we want to know if the public libraries feature a large collection of literary classics available for the Waymarsh people.  If this genre is simply not available, it would be no surprise that library patrons would turn to mystery novels.  Meanwhile, focusing on the frequency of the books being checked out is not sufficient.  And maybe the patrons would prefer to keep the literary classics for a longer period of time, thereby reducing the frequency of the books being loaned.  We also need to see if patrons have chosen to read literary classics in the reading rooms in the libraries instead of checking the books out.

主题句指出需要哪方面的信息（证据）
这里提出了三种其他可能来解释为什么借经典文学作品的人较少

In addition, it is also important to look into the reading habits of the people in Waymarsh.   Public libraries are by no means the only source of literary classics.  Waymarsh people could buy many of the books from the local bookstores or order them online via Amazon or Border.  In fact, since a great many of literary classics have become part of the public domain without the restriction of copyright, Waymarsh people can even download e-copies of the books from the Internet for free.  So a more comprehensive study of whether Waymarsh people access the literary classics through the above-mentioned sources is necessary to get the information we need to evaluate the argument.

这里主要从获取的途径来讨论包括买书和网上下载
注意这里提到的公共领域，是一个值得学习的干货

Finally, we need to scrutinise the first study more critically.  For example, how were the respondents sampled for the study and how representative were the respondents relative to the population at Waymarsh? If the study were conducted at high schools or university, which was quite convenient for such study, the respondents would be predominantly young people and the older people at Waymarsh would have been underrepresented in the study.  Moreover, was the survey questionnaire carefully designed to include all genres including mystery novel?  If the respondents were not given the option mystery novel, it would be unfair to claim that they had misrepresented themselves.  After all the respondents could only provide the information requested by the questionnaire.

最后这段讨论的是关于这个survey的可靠性问题
用了一些问句可能换成陈述句更好一些

In conclusion, to see if the respondents have misrepresented their reading habits, we need more evidence about the public libraries, the reading habits of the Waymarsh residents and the design of the first study.

University, conducted, material, reading, depends