Talagh 作文练习帖

TalaghUID: 3623477

165) Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands were extinct. Previous archaeological findings have suggested that early humans generally relied on both fishing and hunting for food; since archaeologists have discovered numerous sites in the Kaliko Islands where the bones of fish were discarded, it is likely that the humans also hunted the mammals. Furthermore, researchers have uncovered simple tools, such as stone knives, that could be used for hunting. The only clear explanation is that humans caused the extinction of the various mammal species through excessive hunting.

Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

The author lists some facts about the discarded fish bones and simple tools to support the claim that excessive hunting by human is the only clear explanation of extinction of large mammals in Kaliko Islands. However, there are a number of alternative explanations we need to take into account when evaluating the soundness of the claim.

To begin with, we may explain the extinction in terms of lacking of food owing to the consumption of fish by people. There are only fish bones found in the sites indicates that ancient people in Kaliko might not hunting mammals at all, as a result the number of fish they need night be too huge that large mammals did not have enough food resource. The death of large mammals might inculpable to the excessive fishing rather than hunting. More evidences such as mammals’ bones consumed by human should be given to lend credit to the explanation that human killed too much large mammals.

In addition, another explanation to the tools such as stone knife is that they were used to cut fish or plants instead of meat or fur of large mammals. To hunt, more powerful weapons should be found to fight against large mammals. Since simple tools of early human might not be strong enough for hunting, a more plausible explanation to them is using to cutting softer materials such as plants and fish for food. Moreover, even if these tools were used to hunt, they may only be useful for hunting small animals rather those large mammals which were too hard to catch. More weapons or mammals bones with cut made by such weapons are necessary to support the explanation that these simple tools were used for hunting large animal.

Finally, various reasons such as climate changes and habitats destruction might account for such extinction. Firstly, the power of early human was so weak that might not cause lots of animal die out, while the natural power is much stronger. If the climate changed to too cold or hot for those mammals to live, they might die out because of failure to adapt such changes. Even if it is human's false to lead to the extinction, it is possible that large mammals lost their habitats and thus die out, because early human destroyed the forest where large mammals live to build settlements. Therefore, we need to examine the influence of climate, habitat and so on to evaluate the explanation that excessive hunting is the only reason to the extinction.  

In conclusion, a number of alternative explanations may be advanced for the extinction of large mammals in Kaliko Islands. Unless we could find concrete evidence to rule out such explanations, the argument is not very strong.

TalaghUID: 3623477

这个真是我写过最扯的Argue了。。。
原来Explanation这么难写，完全想不出啥靠谱的解释，并且文章本身的解释也略奇怪。
总之是怪怪的一篇。

TalaghUID: 3623477

The saying “the lazy creats the world" indicates that all inventions are driven by the disere to finish more thing with less effort. It is true that technological advancement is designed to increase the efficiency, but not all the time saved is used for leisure. For ecudation and agriculture, higher efficiency might means more time to pursue more knowledges and higher production, while technological advancement indeed provide more time to people for fun in their daily life.

To begin with, modern technology make it easy for students learn more knowledges easier by providing easier assessing to knowledge and multiple ways to learn. Firstly, compared with onerous manutranscripting of books in Middle Eva, the print press, which is cheaper and faster, enable the popularity of books, a useful tool for knwledges spreading. Besides, the invention of various equipments of learning, such as slides, video and computer, help students to understanding what is teached by teachers better by giving a more direct impress of them. However, though the study efficiency has been increased, the intention of such increasing is to learn more knowledges in a limited time. The see of learning is intermintable. The reason why people invents faster boat is to sail as far as possible. As the tecnology of education advancing, students now are required to learn more knowledges than ever, which means the advancement is to increase study efficiency so that more thing can be learned in the given time.

In addition, the advancement in farming equipments allow farmers to handle more fields at the same time and yield more product rather than spending more time on relax. For example, the modern irragation system can take care of scards of farm land and ensure that they are of opstimic humidity, which needs laborous water transportation by human force in the past time. Nevertheless, farmer now actually choose to take in charge of more land in order to have greater production rather than spend less time on working, since the reason that farmer use advanced technology is to earn as much money as possible. In a higher aspect, the technology advancement in agriculture is aimed to imporve work efficiency of farmer so that less land and labor is needed for producing enough foods for all humankinds.

Finally, in people's daliy life, lots of technological advancement helps them released from numerous housework. After treing working for a day, people would like to relax and reclutant to doing housework. By using microwave oven to heat foods, washing machine to do landary, cleaning robot to clean the floor, people can finish housework in a shorter time thus save more time to do the thing they enjoy. Such invention is useful helper that make people have more time for leisure.      

In conclusion, the primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency, but people may not use more time for leisure.

写到最后一段才发现审题错了，立论有问题，但是太晚了，顾不上了，打算先放上来明天再说。

TalaghUID: 3623477

It is argued that the result of a study of the reading habits of citizens in Waymarsh misrepresent their favorite reading material as literary. A study about most frequently checked out books in one of Waymarsh's public library is referred as evidence. However, more evidence about most frequently checking out books in other libraries in the city of Waymarsh, most popular books read in libraries and sold in bookstores in Waymarsh are needed to better evaluate this argument.

Firstly, the study in only one of public libraries is not adequate to reveal the reading habits of all citizens in Waymarsh. It can only indicate the reading habits of people who always visit that library instead of all residents in Waymarsh. More data about the type of book most frequently checked out in more libraries can give a more perspective about the reading preference by eliminating random error of the statics result owing to limited samplings.

Secondly, in addition to books that are often checked out, books which are always read in libraries are also necessary to be investigated in order to find out people's reading habits. Some people might prefer to read literary classic in the library rather than at home, which indicates only counting books checked out is not enough for study of reading habits. To make the argument more reasonable, data about popular books for reading at libraries is needed too.

Finally, people may not only read books in the library. Those people who like to buy the books they want to read at bookstore best discredit the convincement of the argument, since The reading habits of them are remised in the second study. By collecting more results of most popular books in bookstore, the argument can be strengthened.

In conclusion, more evidence about most frequently checking out books in other libraries in the city of Waymarsh, most popular books read in libraries and sold in bookstores in needed to make the argument more tenable.  

第一次真正的计时写作，27分钟写了330个词，速度实在是太慢了。。。这一篇理由还是很好找的，但是从evidence的角度写的话，不知道怎么回事就是不太能展开来说，应该还是时间所限，写的时候没能仔细分析旧疏漏的原因和新证据的有点

TalaghUID: 3623477

13) Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.

Nowadays, scads of breakthough in many fields are brought by experts in other field, resulting a increasing empthisis on interdiscinple knowedges. Considering the potential benefit for one's academic study, development of citizenship and career, I think it is necessary for every students in university to enroll various courses besides their major.

To begin with, by learning various knowledge, students can apply the method of thinking and study of other discinpline to their own major to help understand it better. For example, for ecology study that analyize behaviour of animals, the theory of tradeoff between benefit and cost is always a key point. However, this theory is borrowed for economy study at first. By regarding animals as merchants, their behavior can be precisely predicted according to economical models. Thus a student who have learned some lessons of economy theory can understand the ecology class better. Moreover, some outstanding students who apply what their have learned in other class to a new field might make new breakthough in their further study. A mathmastians Thomas Young, who apply his knowledge of frequency to the archeology study later, decipher the chracater of Eygpt. So courses about other discinpline can help students study better.

In addition, knowledge of other fields can make one's perspective to the world more compelet by giving multiple angle to see the world. Knowledges in other field can compromise people's shortcomming and make their preform better. For example, some basic knowledges of science can make a student major in literature less vulnuable to rumors such as the one claims all chemical compounds are harmful to heath. Vice versa, history and sociology can make a student major in science be a more rational voter in a compagin.

Finally, knowledge of other fields can help one to preform better at work since it can broaden one's eyes and give a new way of thinking. Since communication with people in other fields is necessary at work, some understanding about such field that lubirates the process of communicating is of great importance. When authors want their work published, some aesthics class they took at university will enable them opine how the books can be more good-looking, which can increase the selling in some degree. Besides, ideas that combining two things that looks irrelevant can make a person the trailblazer. The experiene of  the inventor of Duolingo, a English teacher who master programming skills that help to build a online App for English learning, prove that the courses of various field is beneficial to students career development.

In conclusion, for the benefit for academic study, citizenship and career development, universities should make taking various courses other than one's major a requirement of graduate.   

TalaghUID: 3623477

32) The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Quiot Manufacturing.
During the past year, Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than at the nearby Panoply Industries plant, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts say that significant contributing factors in many on-the-job accidents are fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Quiot and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that employees will get adequate amounts of sleep.

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

In the memo, the vice president of Quiot Manufacturing (QM) argues that cutting work shifts by one hours can give employees enough time of sleep, so that the number of on-the-job accidents will be reduce and productivity will be increased. However, the assumptions made about the reason why the number of accidents in Panoply Industries (PI) is lesser, the usage of the longer rest time and the correlation of shorter work shifts and higher productivity needs to be examined carefully to assess the argument.

To begin with, it is assumed that it is shorter work shifts is the reason why PI has less on-the-job accident which indicates that by reducing the time of work shifts, the rate of accidents in QM will decrease too. However, there are several other reasons such as lesser dangerous work in PI, higher awareness of work safety and less total number of workers, which can account for the difference of number of accidents. Without more investigation about the true factor that can explain the less accidents number, it is unreasonable to claim that cutting work shifts by one hour can improve the work safety in QM.

In addition, even if shorter work shifts is a good solution to fatigue, another assumption made in the memo that employees will spend more time on sleeping if work shifts are reduced is still invalid. The possibilities that employees might do other things for relax such as surfing the internet and doing sports discredit this assumption. If employees do not use the longer rest time for sleeping, they will still be tired at work, which means the new policy about work shift is useless for improve sleep deprivation. Survey about what employees will do when the work shifts are reduce is necessary for evaluating the memo.

Finally, it is assumed that by reducing work shifts the productivity would be improve. It is true that less on-the-job accident means higher productivity in some degree, nevertheless, less work shifts also means less time spend on work, which reduces the productivity. Is the benefit gained by reducing accidents larger than the cost of less work time? More investigation should be done to find out the result in order to assess the memo.

In conclusion, despite in good intention, the argument that reducing work shifts in QM by one hour will be useful to decrease on-the-job accident and increase productivity is untenable, without more evidence about the relationship between shorter work shifts and less accident, survey about what employees will do with longer break, as well as investigation about how shorter work shifts would influence productivity.

Assumption真的好难写啊，经常一不小心就写成文中已有的claim了，还需要多多锻炼

TalaghUID: 3623477

Issue 119)
When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.


In terms of whether old building should be removed to build new ones, I think no conclusion can be made without considering the specific circumstance that whether the old building is valuable, whether this location is indispensable for new building and whether the old building can be renewed for new usage. The solution must be different for each conditions.  

Firstly, people should never supplant certain precious buildings with modern ones. Historic buildings, being perfect samples for studying ancient culture and incomparable symbol of that place, should be preserved by all means. The modern building can be built in whatever place, though it might not be as convenient as in the place the historic building  located. The historic building, however, can never show up again if destroyed. Because of such irrecoverable trait, the preservation of old building should be considered at the firstly place. When a historic building is of great significance, no precedence should be give to modern development.

Secondly, when the old building is not of great importance, it might be a good idea to replace it with new ones. Since the land of a city is limited, it is a precious resource that people cannot have the same one again after it is occupied. When the old building is too shabby or there are several buildings that is the same, it might be plausible to replace it with new buildings that can have greater usage. Even if the old building will not be there, modern technique such as photo and video can help people to record and remember it in other forms. So if necessary, supplanting a new building with the old one is not unreasonable.  

Thirdly, not all old building is dated. Some historic buildings that are in good condition can be repaired to have new functions that satisfy modern needs. For example, in the Freedom Trail, a famous visiting route of Boston, there is a beautiful old house named Old Bookstore, which is one of first several buildings built by English immigrants. Even though the house is occupied by a Mexican restaurant now, the New England style building can still show a vivid history of Boston. So it might be a perfect solution that repairing the old building in order to reconcile both the requirement of preservation and new usage.

In conclusion, it is imprudent to say to whether modern development should be precede over the preservation of historic building without further field investigation about the value of the old building, the emergency of new usage, and the possibility of repairing the historic building to make it have new function.

TalaghUID: 3623477

差不多第一次30分钟内写完诶~不过之后有略作修改和加了两句话。我边写边改的毛病还是改不了，每次写完一个句子就忍不住再看一遍，然后就想改。这样的话30分钟怎么也不太够啊。因为总是写不完，所以养成了先写开头结尾和主题句，之后再慢慢往段落里面填东西的习惯，这样会不会不太好呢？