一道真题阅读求助

biaikaUID: 3617364

Some historians question the widely held belief that continually improving education led to gradual African American empowerment in the southern United States from the late nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. They note that the development of Black educational institutions in the segregated South was never rapid or steady: disparities between Black and White schools sometimes grew in the early decades of the twentieth century. And African Americans’ educational gains did not bring commensurate economic gains. Starting in the 1940s, even as Black and White schools in the South moved steadily toward equality, Black southerners remained politically marginalized and experienced systematic job discrimination. Although Black schools had achieved near parity with White schools in per capita spending and teachers’ salaries by 1965, African Americans’ income still lagged behind that of Whites. Nonetheless, educational progress did contribute toward economic and political empowerment. African Americans’ campaigns to support Black schools fostered a sense of community, nurtured political determination, and often increased literacy. More significantly, politically outspoken Black newspapers achieved record circulation during the 1940s, just as the literacy rate among African Americans approached 90 percent. Finally, the leadership of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s was composed largely of graduates of Black
colleges.

2. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the highlighted sentence?
A. It clarifies a point introduced in the preceding sentence.
B. It reiterates a point introduced in the first sentence of the passage.
C. It questions the accuracy of some of the evidence used to support the argument of the historians.
D. It introduces a perspective that runs contrary to the view of those who endorse the “belief.”
E. It qualifies the interpretation made by the historians.

为什么是选E呢？
belief 应说的是教育增强了黑人。
历史学家质疑了belief 认为虽然教育怎么样怎么样，但是依然是边缘化的，受到歧视的。
黑体字说，尽管如此，教育还是增强了黑人。
E说的是证实了历史学家的解释，应该不靠谱吧

gterlannUID: 3595027

你这都哪找的答案啊,陈琦原版答案是E

biaikaUID: 3617364

gterlann 发表于 2015-11-13 14:01
你这都哪找的答案啊,陈琦原版答案是E

是是，是E我敲错了，我就是觉得E不对。我觉得应该选C

gterlannUID: 3595027

C不对,这句话之前的内容没有被否定或者质疑,只不过作者提出虽然有些地方不足,但是education也提供了一些好处;

E的qualify不是证实的意思,是限定,具体什么意思你查韦氏吧,中文讲不清

biaikaUID: 3617364

哦哦，大概懂了，后面一题又出现qualify了
看来ets是把qualify=undermine的。
“acknowledge a fact that appears to support a view that the author intends to qualify”

但是qualify查韦氏字典没有undermine的意思啊，反而有证实的意思。

biaikaUID: 3617364

gterlann 发表于 2015-11-13 16:06
C不对,这句话之前的内容没有被否定或者质疑,只不过作者提出虽然有些地方不足,但是education也提供了一些好处 ...

C是说指出历史学家引证的不准确之处。
其实确实不是很妥当，因为历史学家的引证没什么问题，只是underestimate了教育的empower的效果。
从后面一道题我看出来了qualify确实当作undermine在用。
但是我查韦氏字典找不到合适的释意，反而有certify的意项

3
a :  to fit by training, skill, or ability for a special purpose
b (1) :  to declare competent or adequate :  certify (2) :  to invest with legal capacity :  license

gterlannUID: 3595027

   a. : to reduce from a general to a particular or restricted form : modify
   b. : to make less harsh or strict : moderate

后面哪些基本用于指人,或者指机构,competent,这里你把代回去make interpretations competent是说不通的.这个qualify基本属于阅读里很常见的一个词了,你可以直接理解为indicate as not entirely right.

biaikaUID: 3617364

gterlann 发表于 2015-11-13 16:43
a. : to reduce from a general to a particular or restricted form : modify
   b. : to make less h ...

Some attine ants carry vegetation into their nests and add fungal material, thereby creating “gardens” in which fungal food for the ants grow. Because the ants play the behaviorally active role, it seems compelling to say that they cultivate and control the passive fungi. But even if that is true, the symbiotic association has existed for so long that cultivar traits may have evolved in the fungi that benefit the fungi but not necessarily the ants. Furthermore, many microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate the physiology and behavior of their symbiotic animals. It is not implausible, therefore, that the ants’ fungi have evolved chemical and physiological schemes that alter ant behavior to serve the fungus’ reproductive interests, possibly even compromising the reproductive interests for the ant hosts.

继续求教一下
2. In the context in which it appears, the word “manipulate” most nearly means
A. influence
B. oversee
C. coerce
D. deceive
E. outmaneuver

答案是E，这个单词韦氏字典查不到，中文词典里的解释是以智取胜。
我选择的是A 。那句话应该说的是很多微生物能够通过进化复杂的机制来怎么样共生生物的生理机能和行为。
我觉得不是超过，应该是影响才对吧。
而且manipulate也确实有影响的意思。

gterlannUID: 3595027

biaika 发表于 2015-11-13 19:46
Some attine ants carry vegetation into their nests and add fungal material, thereby creating “gar ...

这题我也没选对,你问别人吧

ba1a糖儿UID: 3918923

1. qualify means to change something slightly, to limit it or add a condition to it。
作者原文revision/oppose  xx， 选项说qualify了xx，是对的

2.manipulate 可不就是诡计吗=outmaneuver
eg. large cooperation manipulated social media to shift public attention.