[color=#005bff][连载]给ISSUE分析下一贴猛药--背景知识积累

staralwaysUID: 193479

好好！

似水UID: 193220

谢谢

lisploreUID: 195645

有很多网友来询问如何获得孙远的工具箱，网上应该有，当然你可以购买孙远的新东方GRE作文讲义第四版，在新东方门口应该有卖，你买不到可以找我联系，我们这里的新东方门口有。应该是不错的。

也感谢各位热心网友的支持，我重新把ISSUE题库翻阅了一下，大约分了36个小类，准备过几天把相关的背景知识都整合起来，提供给各位。你如果在四月份考作文的话那可以从头到尾仔细看一遍，基本上把所有相关的内容都一网打尽了。

还有希望让我帮你看作文的网友可以直接把作文发给我。（不要把网上的范文发来考验我！！！）

littledragonUID: 196994

我目前只传了两篇
https://bbs.gter.net/showthread.php?s=&threadid=249924
https://bbs.gter.net/showthread.php?s=&threadid=249860
有劳啦
谢谢lisplore


p.s. 偶3－2 就考啦

staralwaysUID: 193479

哎呀楼主真是太好了，这贴要顶，不能沉了！

lisploreUID: 195645

最初由 littledragon 发布
我目前只传了两篇
https://bbs.gter.net/showthread.php?s=&threadid=249924
https://bbs.gter.net/showthread.php?s=&threadid=249860

第一篇不错了，大家可以参考。实际上作者也没有提出许多深奥的理论，但作为GRE作文，已经达到了critical thinking的目的。指出一些小小的问题。
1。ritual ceremony 通常和一种文化的myth和belief相关，可以考虑在这两方面加强一点论述，至少要提及。
2。"Rituals and ceremonies prevent people having a diminished sense of who they are"这句话不直白，没有必要用双重否定，这样容易造成误解。

第二篇我没看明白。
首先是socialization，作为对children的education，内涵有哪些呢？

先看socializtion的含义
Socialization is the process by which personality is formed as the result of social influences. Early research methods employedcase studies of individuals and of individual societies (e.g., primitive tribes). Later research has made statistical comparisons of numbers of persons or of different societies; differences in child-rearing methods from one society to another, for example, have been shownto be related to the subsequent behaviour of the infants when they become adults. Such statistical approaches are limited, since they fail to discern whether both the personality of the child and the child-rearing methods used by the parents are the result of inheritedfactors or whether the parents are affected by the behaviour of theirchildren.

Problems in the process of socialization that have been studied by experimental methods include the analysis of mother–child interaction in infancy; the effects of parental patterns of behaviour on the development of intelligence, moral behaviour, mental health, delinquency, self-image, and other aspects of the personality of the child; the effects of birth order (e.g., being the first-born or second-born child) onthe individual; and changes of personality during adolescence. Investigators have also studied the origins and functioning of achievement motivation and other social drives (e.g., as measured with personality tests).

Several theories have stimulated research into socialization; Freudian theory led to some of the earliest studies on such activities as oral and anal behaviour (e.g., the effect of the toilet training of children on obsessional and other “anal” behaviour). Learning theory led to the study of the effectsof rewards and punishments on simple social behaviour and was extended to more complex processes such as imitation and morality (e.g., the analysis of conscience).

然后再看看Child rearing and socialization

The American sociologist Talcott Parsons believed that the two most important functions of the modern family are the primary socialization of children and the stabilization of adult personalitiesthrough marriage and the raising of children. His own concern was particularly with the middle-class American family, but these important aspects of family life are also applicable much more widely. In the present context it is worthwhile to look especially at primary socialization.

Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child's personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school. Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behaviour. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get along with others are all aspects of child rearing. However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behaviour that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of the society in which they live. In American society, which was Parsons' main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed. Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same: the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.

Few families are ideal, however. Studies of the families of emotionally disturbed children have shown that unsatisfactory relationships between husbands and wives can have detrimental effects on children. Sometimes a child is used as a scapegoat. The parents blame or even physically abuse the child in order to cover up their own difficulties. In such a case, the child often fails to develop the values the parents wish to instill in him, developing instead antisocial habits leading to deviant behaviour in later life. Indeed, the cycle may be repeated if such a person in time marries, has a family of his own, and treats his children in the same way. Nonetheless, there isno reason to suppose that all children of unsatisfactory marriages are treated in such a way or fail to overcome the difficulties they have as children.

Some social scientists have even suggested that the isolated nuclear family, as it exists in Western industrialized societies, is to blame for the social ills found in those societies. They claim that in the past more support was offered from the wider kin network and from the community as a whole—asis still the case in less-developed parts of the world. The British psychiatrists R.D. Laing and David Cooper suggested that the modern family is dysfunctional in that, by its very nature, it forces upon children an undue emphasis on obedience to authority. These negative viewpoints aside, most experts as well as most parents agree that the primary socialization process in the modern family offers benefits both to the child and to the parents.


那么现在有想法了吧。 :-)

staralwaysUID: 193479

关于socialization的资料很不错。看来楼主的资料库真是巨大啊。

naiba369UID: 131655

up

又一个牛人出现了

naiba369UID: 131655

麻烦lisplore帮我看看我的问题

https://bbs.gter.net/showthre ... adid=245980Issue183  学习类 随着知识越来越多，事情不是变得更好理解，而是变得更复杂

G猫UID: 192988

谢谢楼主分享，回去慢慢看。

little_yyyUID: 168056

请继续啊！期待中……

xixicyUID: 185469

期待lisplore的资料～～～

其实应该自己多多总结的
时间，太紧，太紧。。。
多亏有这么多热心的人：）

sblbaslerUID: 175229

楼主的文章怎么好象在哪里见过（没别的意思）

ZEALPALADINUID: 192560

thanks