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The following appeared in a newsletter about health published in the country of Sauria.
'According to Sauria's leading nutritional experts, a diet high in complex carbohydrates, and low in fat is optimal for good health and longevity. Because this was the diet of the people who lived in ancient Sauria, one would expect them to have had long and healthy lives. Yet the mummified remains of Sauria's ruling classes from two to three thousand years ago show the existence of many medical problems among the ancient Saurians, including dental problems, elevated blood pressure, obesity, heart disease, and early mortality. Clearly, the diet of the ancient Saurians was responsible for these problems. The high incidence of high blood pressure, obesity, and heart disease in Sauria today even among those who have tried low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets further proves that Sauria's leading nutritional experts are wrong.'
In the newsletter the author argues that it is wrong to consider a diet high in complex carbohydrates and low in fat be optimal for good health and longevity by citing the fact that some mummified remains of the ancient Saurians who are fond of this type of diet show the existence of many medical problems and the high incidence of these diease among those who have tried these types of diets. However, the argument depends on several unsubstantiated assumptions and is therefore unpersuasive as it stands.
To begin with, the author assumes that the correlation between high complex carbohydrates as well as low fat diet and such diseases such as high blood pressure, obesity and heart disease means that the type of diets causes the those diseases. But the argument fails to provide sufficient evidence to support the conclusion. In addition, the argument fails to consider the possibility that people who already have suffer from such diseases might prefer such diets in order to prevent deterioration of these diseases.
Another point the author stress is that these medical problems also exist in the mummified remains of the ancient Saurians who take the same diet--high in carbohydrates and low in diet. However, no specific information is provided to show the prevalence of these medical problems in the ancient Saurians. Thus it is very likely that those mummified remains happen to have those medical problems. Even if sufficient evidence has been found to prove the authenticity of the prevalence of such diseases among the ancient Saurians, it is still unreasonable to attribute the phenomena to the diets. The arguer may ignore other possible factors that may also cause such prevalence. Maybe the ancient Saurians are born to have a higher possibility than modern people to suffer from these disease or it is entirely possible their distinct lifestyle that make themselves so. What is more, no definite information is given to establish that the sicken ancient Saurians are the ones who take such diets. Thus it is also highly possible that such diets have nothing to do with those diseases. Lacking such evidence, the author's assertion seems groundless.
Even if we concede that there is an evident nexus between the diseases and the diets, it is likely that there is no causal relationship between the two. For instance, the ancient Saurians who take such diets high in carbohydrate and low in fat might be prone to take other certain diets that two different types of diets when mixed serve as catalyst to those medical problems such as heart disease, dental problems, elevated blood pressure, obesity, early mortality and so forth. It might also be the case that such diets the ancient Saurians take are too unsanitary to achieve the nutritional experts' standard.
In conclusion, the argument, while it seems logical at first, has several flaws as discussed above. This argument could be improved by providing evidence to show the causal relationship between the diets and the diseases. It could be further improved by ruling out alternative explanations for the supposed causal relationship. |
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