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Issue87
------题目------
In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.
------正文------
A beginner can naturally make important discoveries through the spirit of creativity, where he or she would not be confined with the sophisticated ideas and methods. But the statement that the beginner rather than the expert in any field of inquiry has more chance to make important discoveries is to overstate the effect of imagination. On the whole, the majority important discoveries are made by the expert.
To begin with, the above statement is much too abroad. “Any field” covers all academic disciplinaries all over the world. There are some subjects that are well developed to a certain height and a certain extent; the knowledge of such disciplines is hard to be understood to normal people. A beginner is not easy dabbling in this area, he or she needs years of study until he or she can do some research to in order to make some discoveries. However, at that time, it is hard to say that the former beginner is still a beginner after this training for years; he or she may even be called a expert, or at least fall somewhere between a beginner and an expert. To broadly state that a beginner can make important discoveries in any field of inquiry is already neglect these abstruse disciplinaries that a beginner can hardly involved in. What about the field of nuclear weapons, could a beginner make some discoveries to improve the quality of some such weapons,whether or not it can be called important?
One of the problem with stating that the important discoveries is more likely to be made by the beginner is that people might come to believe that knowledge and experience are not important, the reasoning being that since by studying we can master much useful knowledge and by years of hard work and research, we can gather a large amount of experience, by which we can become an expert from a beginner; while an expert has less chance to make discoveries, why should we devote ourselves to the hard work and study? When in fact, knowledge and experience have play an indispensable role at least as important as, if not more important than, the creativity and imagination. Creativity and imagination are indeed important to us, but quite often it is based on what you have learned and what you have mastered, It is not the property only belong to a beginner. Merely has a free idea to think certainly is better than not, but to fully make important discoveries the researchers would actually have to make a balance between imagination and knowledge.
Without a doubt, there are many examples of discoveries made by beginners. Not long ago a patented technology in the feature production industry which is developed by a female undergraduate in Sichuan University was purchased by SiTong Production Company, one of the top 10 feature production corporation in China, in a price up to 8,000,000 yuan (nearly one million U.S. dollars). Also, the four great inventions in ancient China are all made by beginners, since there are such a little knowledge at the time that hardly anyone can be called a expert. Imagination and creativity can turn an ordinary person into a great inventor where he or she may be honored both by their contemporaries and descendants. Although we admit the role played by beginners, it does not follow that the number of discoveries made by beginners is more than that of experts. As we discussed above, experts is more important, without the direction of experts, perhaps the discoveries of beginners will be reduced to an imperceptible amount. And the more cases of discoveries made experts are all over our lives, and there is no need for me to cite them any more.
In summary, it is true that a beginner can make their contribution to some certain kinds of fields, but we must realize that discoveries made by experts are far more than that by beginners. After all, it is experts that promote the advance of science and technology to the greatest extent. |
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