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发表于 2005-3-31 21:24:54
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argument 18
The following appeared in an editorial in a Prunty County newspaper.
'In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County recently lowered its speed limit from 55 miles per hour to 45 on all major county roads. But the 55 mph limit should be restored, because this safety effort has failed. Most drivers are exceeding the new speed limit and the accident rate throughout Prunty County has decreased only slightly. If we want to improve the safety of our roads, we should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths and resurfacing rough roads. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago.'
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In this argument, the arguer concludes that the measure to change speed limit turns out to be failed so the speed should be resorted. What is more, the arguer also suggests following the improving project taken by Butler County to improve the safety of roads. However, the arguer's reason is untenable enough for several reasons.
The first problem in this argument is that the fact that most drivers are exceeding is scant evidence to support the assertion that lower speed limit turns out to be fail. It is perhaps that in the major road where this measure has be taken, drivers do not exceed this limit, and it is in other roads where new speeding limit has not been applies that lots of drivers are exceeding new speed limit. What is more, arguer dose not provide sufficient information about the time when Prunty County begin to low its speed limit. If this measure is just taken for a few weeks, enough time should be needed to determine the effectiveness of this change.
The second problem in this argument is that the arguer overlooks other factors that cause the fail of this change. possibly, after the speed limit is lowed, other reasons such as the worse weather, reduced law enforcement or increasing population which lead to more vehicles in road, all may influence the accident rate in the road. Without considering these conditions, the author cannot justifiably conclude that this safety effort has failed.
The third problem in this argument is that the arguer assumes that there is no alternative explanation for less accident in Butler County. However, it is quite possible that in the five years, the population in Bulter County decreases and leads to less accidents in this city. And it is also possible that the striker law enforcement measures or improved education have served to decrease the accidents. Without ruling out these possibilities, the conclusion that Prunty County should follow this project is not persuasive. Moreover the cited statistic involves only “reported” accidents in Butler County. It is possible that an increasingly large percentage of accidents are going unreported in that county.
The third problem in this argument is that the arguer overlooks other factor that causes the fail of this change. However possibly, after the speed limit is lowed, other reasons such as the worse weather, reduced law enforcement or increasing population, cause the fail of lowing of speed. Without consider these conditions, the author cannot justifiably conclude that this safety effort has failed.
In sum, the reason of the argument seems reasonable, but on examination, it is groundless. In order to convince people that the recommendation is practical, the arguer should account for all other factors that might influence the accidents rate on road in both counties. And the author should also offer more statistical information about the accidents rate on Prunty’s major roads to prove that this change is failed. |
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