issue157 G89 8月18日同主题

dennyaimarUID: 191857

Issue157  第8篇 让砖头来得更猛烈些吧！
------摘要------
作者：dennyaimar     共用时间：46分22秒     563words
从2005年7月18日15时18分到2005年7月18日16时46分
------题目------
There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires.
------提纲------
观点：同意不存在完全客观的观察，否认观察总是被观察者的预期或者喜好所左右。
1.观察是一个复杂的过程，分为三个阶段1.数据和信息积累2.解释3.观察结果的归纳表达
2.客观的涵义观察结果应该如实反映事物原来的样子。但是完全客观的观察几乎是不肯可能的，即使是最精密的仪器都有误差。
3.观察的过程被许多因素影响着，比如观察者的立场选择，态度选择，以及对知识的掌握情况会影响观察的结果。
4.不可否认，对于某些人而言，他们总是希望得到他们想要的观察结果，因此常常被自己的预期或者喜好所左右，他们应该试图去改变这个不正确的习惯。不过大多数学者总是避免被这些因素影响，他们作为主体的因素应该有意识地最大限度地避免渗入到研究工作中去，从而保证观察结果的客观性。
------正文------
Most scientific researches, both natural and social, base on mass of observation records. Observers always try their best to maintain the objectiveness of the results in spite of some difficulties. But no matter how hard they try, entire objectiveness does not even exist in these observations because of some unavoidable factors.

Observation, as a scientific activity, goes through three phases: accumulation of data and information, explanation, and conclusion the results. Some factors, both of observers and environment, stay with the process of the activity. With the influence of these factors, pure objectiveness is impossible to exist.

Objectiveness, as mentioned, means to describe an object as it really is. In modern world, even the most developed technology cannot reach this target because of some mighty faults which may happen during the observation. These situations mostly happen in the first step and affect the accuracy of the information. Since computer was invented, human society had come in to fast improvement. Even with the help of the computer, which is considered as a most accurate calculator and measure machine, the scientists have to check their research results again and again. Because some errors may be still exist because of some unexpectable factors during the experiment. In the science history, objectiveness always means empirical so that it never exist to this extent.

Many factors affect the result of the observation, just as the standpoint, attitude, and knowledge, and so forth. Different stand determine different view of an entire object. Take a famous tale in Chinese history as an example. Four blind men once were summoned by an emperor, and forced to touch different parts of a gigantic elephant. The one touch the nose intended to define that mammal as a tube, while the one handle the legs thought it was four huge sticks. And the other two also felt different because of the parts they palpated. Knowledge of the observer also plays such affective roles in the process. When data and information were successfully collected, the knowledge possessed by the watcher may influence the explanation he or she makes out. This factor surely affects the second step of the observation. A biologist may explain the data in the way he or she used to, which may be not suitable to cater to the situation. Under these circumstances, these causes make the objectiveness impossible to subsist.

Undeniable, an observer's desires and expectations sometimes influence the results of observation. Some watchers used to make a whole plan for the activity of observation and make out an expectable outcome. During the process of the activity, their desires affect the standpoint and attitude of them, because they want unconsciously the result to resemble what they planed to be. According to this situation, many scientists today always try to avoid involving the research of their observation to make themselves outsiders. By this way they have the space to choose an appropriate stand and attitude to minimize the influence they may bring. So these certain factors do not exist in all observations.

To sum up, according to many causes which affect the process and result of an observation as standpoint, the real objectiveness can hardly exist, Desires and expectations, as important factors, do not happen in all observations, because they can be avoided by human force. People are trying to make the result as substantial as possible, which need a lot of endeavors.

dennyaimarUID: 191857

自己顶一下
花了挺大工夫的这篇
大家帮忙看看吧

fantasianosUID: 207837

我帮你看看吧，不过我主要看语法的。。。

keeyangUID: 2120118

真得很抱歉，这几天没时间，23号以后吧。谢谢你的意见。

dennyaimarUID: 191857

恩
好好考！！~~~

dennyaimarUID: 191857

再顶一下
有没有人改啊~

fantasianosUID: 207837

说明：如果没有附加提示，则表示在该处添加
Most scientific researches, both natural and social, base on a mass of observation records. Observers always try their best to maintain the objectiveness of the results in spite of some difficulties. But no matter how hard they try, entire objectiveness does not even exist in these observations because of some unavoidable factors.  objectiveness应该改成objectivity

Observation, as a scientific activity, goes through three phases: accumulation of data and information, explanation, and conclusion of/or the results. Some factors, both of observers and environment 用not only but also可以避免和前面重复, stay with the process of the activity. With the influence of these factors, pure objectiveness is impossible to exist.

Objectiveness, as mentioned, means to describe an object as it really is  as后面应该是名词，所以改成its reality. In 加the可能更好 modern world, even the most developed technology cannot reach this target because of some mighty mighty的意思是“强大的”，你是不是想表达“possible”的意思？ faults which may happen 如果前面是possible的意思，这里就不需要which may happen了 during the observation. These situations mostly happen in the first step and affect the accuracy of the 去掉the information. Since computer was invented, human society had 改成has come in to fast improvement. But Even with the help of the 去掉the computer, which is considered as a 把a换成the，并去掉本从句前面4个单词 most accurate calculator and measureing machine, the 去掉the scientists have to check their research results again and again.改成逗号 Because some errors may be 去掉be still exist because of some unexpectable factors during the 可以去掉the experiment. In the science history, objectiveness always means empirical so that it never exists to this extent.  最后一句的so that可能要换成别的“导致”的表达方式，因为so that给人这样的感觉：客观的那种意思是为了导致不存在客观。不知道我这样说明白了没有？

Many factors affect the result of the observation 这里如果没有特指意味，就去掉the, just as the standpoint, attitude, and knowledge, and so forth. Different stands determine different views of an entire object. Take a famous tale in Chinese history as an example. once放到这里或是were和summoned之间 Four blind men once were summoned by an emperor, and forced to touch different parts of a gigantic elephant. The one touching the nose intended to define that mammal as a tube, while the one handleing the legs thought it was four huge sticks. And the other two also felt different because of the parts they palpated. Knowledge of the 没必要用the，改成a或an;或干脆改成复数 observer also plays such affective roles 改成an affective role可能更好 in the process. When data and information were successfully collected, the knowledge possessed by the watcher may influence the explanation he or she makes out. This factor surely affects the second step of the observation. A biologist may explain the data in the way he or she used to, which may be not 换be和not的顺序 suitable to cater to the situation. Under these circumstances, these causes make the objectiveness impossible to subsist.

Undeniablely, an observer's desires and expectations sometimes influence the results of observation. Some watchers used to make a whole plan for the activity of observation and make out an expectable outcome. During the process of the activity, their desires affect the standpoint and attitude of them直接用their…,而不用of them, because they want unconsciously the result to resemble what they planed to be. According to this situation, many scientists today always try to avoid involving the research of their observation to make themselves outsiders. By this way they have the space to choose an appropriate stand and attitude to minimize the influence they may bring. So 用Therefore吧 these certain factors do not exist in all observations.

To sum up, according to many causes which affect the process and result of an observation as standpoint, the real objectiveness can hardly exist, Desires and expectations, as important factors, do not happen in all observations, because they can be avoided by human force. People are trying to make the result as substantial as possible, which needs a lot of endeavors.  结尾交代得不是很清楚，可能跟表达有关，但我还没想到怎么改比较好，你自己试试好吗？

总结：思路还是比较清晰的，用词有时重复比较多，稍微大一点的问题是“the”的滥用
继续加油！！

fantasianosUID: 207837

昨天答应要帮你看的：），具体见楼上
昨天因为有事出去了大半天，半夜才回来，就没来得及改，等急了吧。。。抱歉！

dennyaimarUID: 191857

谢了~~
改的好细啊