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It is not necessarily the case that the greatness of individuals could be decided solely by those who live after them. Individuals, with either greater contributions or greater drawbacks, all left behind them traces of existence. Bystanders are fully aware of the qualities of these individuals. Thus it is natural that the individuals could be evaluated either by their contemporaries or followers.
Celebrities such as Nobel Prize laureates, who are highly thought of by contemporaries, achieve their prizes when they are still contributing to the world. Take Madam Jurie for example, she (is laureated as the Nobel Prize winner 感觉本段好多laureate) win Nobel Prize twice in her life time. Meanwhile, she is reputed by her (sacrifice) contribution (of wisdom and diligence是否可以提到句首改成the wise and diligent female scientist) to the development of science and technology and is invited to give speeches all over the world. Besides Madam Jurie, there are many other laureates who received fame and respect while they remain active and productive. It might be true that the followers' admiration toward these great scientists are the same as, if not more than, that of the contemporaries. It is still reasonable to conclude that the greatness of individuals could be decided by contemporaries. (后半段衔接可以更好一些)
The traits of the evaluation vary (from)among different professions. This could be manifested by a comparison between artists and scientists. Van Cough who is penniless and dies before his time receives little fame and recognition. But shortly after his death, when his style of painting became faddish, his once worthless works became masterpieces and could be auctioned to rocketing prices. (There countless other artists who do not gain their fame until their death.这句话可放在van cough例之前,van cough 可作为一个for example) This might simply due to the fact that arts are like fashions which keep changing (or which are constantly changing) with the trends among the audience. Scientists, on the other hand, are more likely to be appositely acknowledged in their life time as is illustrated in the paragraph above. This might due to the reason that science is more stable than arts and the standards are less flexible. Conclusively, individuals who run a career such as artists or other subjectively determined professions (subjectively determined professions 受主观影响的职业,不清楚是否有这样的表达) are likely to be acknowledged by their followers, while those who make a living in objectively determined areas (are inclined to be)/(tend to be)/(are possibly to be) recognized by contemporaries.
Admittedly, the followers play an important role in recording and spreading the greatness of the individuals by means of bibliography and encyclopedia, which enable the followers (to be more thorough and holistic on judging the greatness of the individuals)好像thorough后常跟个名词所以改成to make a more thorough and holistic judgement of the greatness of the individuals. Although we know that nobody is perfect, historical figures such as those emperors, monarchs were always described by flatterers or cringers as stainless/faultless/flawless persons in their reign/in the periods during which they ruled. ( Historical figures, especially the kings, emperors, tend to be stainless in their reign. This phenomenon is intelligible for no one would criticize the powerful emperor. )For instance, Napoleon is considered to be an almighty governor of France when he is at his thrown(crown?)(不清楚有没有这种说法at one’s crown). But when he is described in bibliography or history textbooks, he became a man whose merits offset fault.( No one is stainless提到前面说了). However, when an individual is still in power, the halo effect would prevent the contemporaries (to examine) from examining the quality of this individual comprehensively (觉得however这句跟上文不太match,仅供参考). Thus it is up to the followers, when the halo has vanished, to depict and judge the individual from different perspectives.
Individuals, be it an artist, a scientist, a historical figure, have all lived their life in front of their contemporaries or on the record presented to the followers. These traces would always enable observers to evaluate and decide the greatness of these individuals. For the reasons presented above, I would conclude that both the contemporaries and followers could decide the greatness of individuals.
因而改的多是谢细节,仅供参考
建议句与句之间,段与段之间可多用些关联词
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