小美女十日SweetE训练营·壹

goasupleaseUID: 195799

[此文系寄托天下原创，转载请注明出处^^]
本文适用于单词尚没背完,且一题未做的小美女安和小美女凯瑞,及其他遭遇类似情况的xdjm...bless
今日使用书籍,新东方蓝皮阅读理解教程,中国环境科学出版社
无法保留颜色...更清晰的版本,请到http://ariesxyq.yculblog.com/post.1267458.html

亲爱的凯瑞和安，花了一个下午选出来三十几篇文章，忽然记起来你们手头只有新东方的蓝皮教材，但用网上的资料一一对应地找，发现很多文章根本没有，无用功的。所以我决定随机抽取文章，快速preview一遍觉得不错就让你们做，也不在乎文章的典型性和体裁的全面性了，毕竟时间有限，没必要追求完美。

我们两个小美女现在只有十天（最多十一天）的时间，单词还没背完…汗。总之这个东西没那么重要，那些学长400多分照样去好学校了，何况400分还真的挺难考的。我想十天拿500也不是不可能——500分可以错二十几道到三十道，平均一个section做对一半就行了，这里面阅读有11道，填空有7道，再猜对一些类反就差不多了——你们要有信心。而我觉得，你们在外面读了这么些年，英文阅读已经很习惯了，稍加一点方法，做到全对或者只错一两道也不见得那么难——所以要有信心。

这十天的安排大概是这样，前四天我们猛攻阅读，每天四长四短一共八篇文章，总量不多，但是学习量挺大，重要的不是做对题目，而是每篇文章都分析透——他干嘛那么出，你干嘛那么选——也就是说，重要是体会出题者的意图。知道了那种模式，一边读的时候就要边想，题目自然就做对了。跟lsat比起来，gre阅读还是很cute的，没什么好怕。我现在回头再来读，也不觉得有什么晦涩，甚至觉得国外很多老米就是这么写paper的。

对于传统的GRE阅读技巧，今天我找了一些，想图方便，便我发现总有我不同意的地方。也许是因为每个人的阅读习惯不一样。我先讲一种可行的，你们这两天试试看，实在不行我们再商量。简单来说G的文章这么读就可以了
1．只读一遍，没有第二遍，因为来不急
2．读得时间想，边读边构造和更新文章结构
3．碰到细节问一问它是干嘛的，及时把它填到2里的结构中去，可能要做笔记
4．记下或划下一些人名和书名（因为不容易记），划下时一定像3中一样填入整体结构中
5．没了，就这么多。

很简单罢，我也觉得。我现在想想，其实这种训练无所谓文章的，哪一篇都可以练；也无所谓考点，最简单的越容易操作；甚至也无所谓技巧，我从来就没有找过什么所谓的主题句，因为阅读习惯（包括中文阅读）早早地就养成了。

我就拿新东方那本的Exercise One讲作个说明。再说一遍，这个东西是很个人的，也没有新东方的大道理小技巧，因为阅读本来就是很个人的事情；只要稍微了解一些ETS的习惯就可以了。选对答案绝对不是最重要的，最重要的事情在读完文章的时候已经做好了。

今天的安排，
讲解Exercise One 长，短
练习
Exercise Two/Three/Four 我看过了，都是NO题（早期的题目），比现在的难一些，因为你们基本什么都没做过，也不存在什么新颖不新颖的问题，也没有我认为巨难的文章。碰到生物的题目要尤为小心，认真做笔记。

第一次讲解的可以先不做，看着玩玩(最好先看书，做做看，再对照着看看是不是效率提高了)。包括做题练习的部分长文章十五分钟，短文章十分钟（因为是第一次），方法要对。读的时候要想，不准读第二遍，所以时间肯定是够的。两篇（一长一短）都做完了对答案，无所谓错多少。再重读，这时候可以不算时间，可以反复读。要做这几件事情：
1．每句话都要弄懂（所谓略读，我是不赞成的）。
2．最最重要的是把文章的结构搞清楚，最好写下来。
3．每道题目总结一下出题的思想，是什么类型的题目，不管做对与否都要写下来。

第一天轻松一点，算上exercise one，一共做四个练习，共八篇。小case啦。剩下的时间背单词做类反，随意。我建议类反做五个section，就当查字典练习也好^^.填空暂时不做。

Exercise One

出处No. 4-3 SECTION A
看下面之前先自己做一做，时间十分钟。

Great comic art is never otherwordly这种反话正过来理解就是realistic，反话要正着理解, it does not seek to mystify us, and it does not deny ambiguity by branding as evil倒装 whatever differs from good.对这种短小的文章，如果没读懂就不要读下去，静下心来读懂。就是说comic承认模糊性，并不是非好即坏的，这个意思从第一句就能知道 Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate contradictions in social action, not 这个词很关键 gloss over or transcend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature.读到这里要回忆第一句，第一句说comic是现实的，第二句说他们强调社会中的矛盾，而不求助于神性，是对第一句的延伸，或者说，什么是现实的？有矛盾才是现实的。 The moment of transcendence你们词没背好可能不并准略知道这个词的意思，但能猜出大概是超过、提升的意思 in great comic art is a social moment, born out of the conviction that we are human, even though we try to be gods. 这时候要想，某一过程，来自人类的什么？跟前面有什么关系。看不出先放一放，但至少记下这种过程不来自于上帝，那依赖什么？The comic community to which artists address themselves is a community of reasoning, loving, joyful, compassionate beings, who are willing to assume the human risks of acting rationally. 漫画群体怎么，假设人类又怎样，注意一方是有理性的，一方则可能无理性Without invoking gods or demons, great comic art arouses courage in reason, courage which grows out of trust in what human beings can do as humans.最后再回来第二句的意思，不需要神性，就能依靠理性的力量使人类回归理性。

读到这里，结构和意思就清楚了。
1．漫画家现实不求助于神性，运用社会矛盾
2．好像断掉了。Transcendence的不依赖上帝漫画家如何，人类整体又如何（理性与可能不理性）漫画家不用（神性般的）教义而用理性使人回归理性。

上面这个过程大概会花4分钟，如果养成习惯，一点也不难。我一直不这么读，也懒了，读得慢多了。
顺便说一句，如果是我，为了记忆方便，会在纸上这么写。读完一句写一点
①现实，有ambiguity②有contradiction，not神
③承认人，not神tr…(如果不认识)
④comic理性human not 理性
⑤not 神，理性
我写得夸张了，也过于详细，因为文章粗，有时甚至不用写也能记住，比如读到第三句后面，已经知道大概了就不用继续写下去。一个原则是只要能帮助自己回忆就足够了。

两位小美女，你们大概觉得这个是在翻译。对的，语言障碍是一个大问题，但比那个还重要的是读完一句想与前面读到的句子的意思。所以如果一开始就没读懂，就不要读下去。

17. The passage suggests that great comic art can be characterized as optimistic about the ability of humans to  如果没读好文章，没有边读边想，你会发现做一道题要重读一遍文章，读文章时不能偷懒。很显然，选E
(A) rid themselves of pride
(B) transcend the human condition
(C) differentiate clearly between good and evil这只是漫画家们不做的一件事，关系不大
(D) avoid social conflicts
(E) act rationally
18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author admires great comic artists primarily for their我还是觉得很显然，因为一开始就讲到漫画家是现实的，正视矛盾，选D
(A) ability to understand the frequently subtle differences between good and evil
文章说并不是非对即错，即使对错是不明的，显然就不能区分
(B) ability to reconcile the contradictions in human behavior
(C) ability to distinguish between rational and irrational behavior
(D) insistence on confronting the truth about the human condition面对现实
(E) insistence on condemning human faults and weaknesses
19. Which of the following is the most accurate description of the organization of the passage?我们显然没有读到任何fact, example或prediction，也没有推广，选C
(A) A sequence of observations leading to a prediction
(B) A list of inferences drawn from facts stated at the beginning of the passage
(C) A series of assertions related to one general subject
(D) A statement of the major idea, followed by specific examples
(E) A succession of ideas moving from specific to general

出处No 4.1 section A

我反而觉得读长文章要比短文章放松许多。因为句子简单些，而且只要把握住大结构就好。
The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal numbers of males and females.碰到当中有插入语的情况，如果比较长，就先跳过再回来看，这个不用 Why should this be so?这种句子提示性很强的，后面那个two也是。这时候不要快速读过来，alerting一点，知道一个问题，将有两种解释了。 Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched in terms of advantage to populations可以划出来. It is argued that the sex ratio will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings between individuals of the opposite sex.大概意会这种解释，这时候不需要记得很细，但要尽可能记住mechanism This is essentially a “group selection” argument. The other, and in my view correct这个补充语非常重要, type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930人名通常记不住，要写下来. This “genetic” argument starts from the assumption that genes can influence the relative numbers of male and female offspring produced by an individual carrying the genes. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.机制要理解，读得慢一些，注意后面明显是举例，这时候要想举例子是干嘛的 Suppose that the population consisted mostly of females: then an individual who produced sons only would have more grandchildren. In contrast, if the population consisted mostly of males, it would pay to have daughters. If, however, the population consisted of equal numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable.这个例子显然就只是对前面的解释，但并不是每次都那么好运 Thus a one-to-one sex ratio is the only stable ratio; it is an “evolutionarily stable strategy.” 看到虽然要异常敏感Although Fisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporates the essential feature of a game—这种符号明显就是解释，要留意，否则作者干嘛要解释that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing.

M=F? ①population/group selection②可以打个勾勾以示正确，Fish,1930 genetic evolutionarily stable，有game特点
有时仅写数字，或画两个箭头也足够帮助记忆,箭头比数字好，更直观。

如果这样边读边记，你会发现GRE的文章其实条理是很清楚的，比如上面这段就很简单。

对这个词since也要敏感，通常是有什么发展或变革（与前不同）的地方Since Fisher’s time, it has been realized that genes can sometimes influence the chromosome or gamete in which they find themselves so that the gamete will be more likely to participate in fertilization. 迅速记笔记或圈画使之形象化，形象化了就自然记住了，如：Fisher以来，gene -> chromosome / gamete，使fertilization升（以箭头示）。注意好像要解释某种情况If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining (X or Y) chromosome, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur. But more immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females.这是现象（与前F=M不同），提醒自己想这个例子为了说明什么 In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher’s argument, it should still pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. 可能到这里还不明白，但知道Fisher原来的理论出了问题，冷静地看下去。注意人名，有人名就有不同的观点Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence.到这里，如果看懂就是知道，因为一些特殊情况（egg是产出一起的，一起来就能交配，所以有一个雄的就够了），所以并不需要很多雄性，原来进化优势的观点仍然正确而且被推广了。如果没看明白，也应该能知道，Fisher是对的，Hamilton更是对的，而且解释了一种前者没解释的情况。 Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy. 最后这句证明了上述猜测。读完再想想读了些什么，Fisher有一种理论，碰到了一个特例，Hamiliton解释了这个例子，拓展了Fisher那派的理论

这篇文章不算难，我觉得可以体会出阅读的一个很重要的方法，就是把文字抽象成结构化的框架，和表示各种相关物关系的网络。然后做题就很简单了，正确率也低不了。我一直觉得读完文章，工作已经完成八成以上了。

21. The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists显然这两个是一派的，这题甚至不用知道这个，选C
(A) conducted their research at approximately the same time
(B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied
(C) sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios exist and remain stable
(D) studied game theory, thereby providing important groundwork for the later development of strategy theory
(E) studied reproduction in the same animal species
22. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers Fisher’s work to be
显然是D，因为Hamilton改进了。
(A) fallacious and unprofessional
(B) definitive and thorough
(C) inaccurate but popular, compared with Hamilton’s work
(D) admirable, but not as up-to-date as Hamilton’s work
(E) accurate, but trivial compared with Hamilton’s work
23. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about wasps?这种所谓罗马题，如果不是按照边记边想的方法读，肯定是要来回找依据，浪费掉很多时间，而现在再做凭记忆就行了（有人说凭记忆不行，要到原文中找，是胡扯，看你怎么记了），I没听过  II显然是可以的，提到过，III没说过，选B，很快
I. How many eggs does the female wasp usually lay in a single host larva?
II. Can some species of wasp determine sex ratios among their offspring?
III. What is the approximate sex ratio among the offspring of parasitic wasps?
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) II and III only
24. It can be inferred that the author discusses the genetic theory in greater detail than the group selection theory primarily because he believes that the genetic theory is more注意刚才提醒过correct一词，虽然我未必知道这里会考，但肯定是重要的。选B
(A) complicated
(B) accurate
(C) popular
(D) comprehensive（B）
(E) accessible
25. According to the passage, successful game strategy depends on第一段末尾明显提到了，注意那种奇怪的符号，如那里的破折号，选A
(A) the ability to adjust one’s behavior in light of the behavior of others
(B) one’s awareness that there is safety in numbers
(C) the degree of stability one can create in one’s immediate environment
(D) the accuracy with which one can predict future events
(E) the success one achieves in conserving and storing one’s resources
26. It can be inferred from the passage that the mathematical theory of games has been这道题明显就跟although有关，都不用回去看就可以选了，因为之前特别留意了。你们会发现GRE就考那么几个地方
(A) developed by scientists with an interest in genetics
(B) adopted by Hamilton in his research
(C) helpful in explaining how genes can sometimes influence gametes
(D) based on animals studies conducted prior to 1930（E）
(E) useful in explaining some biological phenomena
27. Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage?这种题目跟前面的罗马题差不多，我建议凭印象，不然来不急做，也做不对。但印象是建立在严格有序的阅读习惯上的，不可能错。
(A) Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm.提过
(B) Female wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of other insects.提过，又是破折号，特殊符号
(C) The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a male that was hatched in the same larva as herself.是Hamilton的核心解释
(D) So few male wasps are produced that extinction is almost certain.选出这个很容易
(E) Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts until they reach sexual maturity.没提过，所以也不一定错。

你们会发现GRE的阅读题目还是很人道的，只要理解了，都能做对。不像lsat，还要比较措辞。有一件事情我在这里没有做但是你们一定要做，就是分析每道题目出出来是为什么，比如第24道，明显就是让你比较观点，因此以后看到观点差异就一定要警惕地记下来；又比如第26题明显就是在考although。这件事情一定要自己走结，总结四天一定考得好。

另一个自己要做的事情是总结那些标志性的词，比如我提到的but, though, correct还有数字（观点的数目）、人名书名等等，自己总结比看别人的经验好。

[ 本帖最后由 goasuplease 于 2006-6-1 00:29 编辑 ]

gre啊greUID: 2200189

汗!

kevin0403UID: 2179200

终于面市了


仔细读了一边,写的真不错...


:cool:

[ 本帖最后由 kevin0403 于 2006-5-31 03:37 编辑 ]

goasupleaseUID: 195799

这两天大采购打包包搞得很累了, sorry啊xdjm们...其实我也是瀑布汗的,对那两位^^

expire7UID: 2160574

真厉害啊。不愧是杀手。

yogurt4UID: 198389

qing qing-_-b

goasupleaseUID: 195799

果然大家都是不睡觉的哝...but how do u know that qingqing thing...

yogurt4UID: 198389

我到你的BLOG上偷了PP回来............

smoothwallUID: 2140662

做gre阅读悟性很重要

goasupleaseUID: 195799

原帖由 smoothwall 于 2006-5-31 03:46 发表
做gre阅读悟性很重要

主要还是方法和一点习惯罢,做熟之后是比较常规的东西,考点集中

DendisUID: 158017

wow, very creative idea!

canadasnailUID: 2115031

:lol

渡渡鸟UID: 145880

canadasnail 爬到G版了咯：）

approachUID: 2101189

貌似某人的口气啊~~~