资料共享：ENGLISH TO IMPRESS——CVs, speeches & IELTS

yxb0924UID: 2150571

这是我研一的时候我的外教再给我们做一场关于How to prepare for IELTS的报告，下面是她准备的材料，主要讲了一些在准备雅思和撰写CV方面的注意事项，以及面试时的要点等，虽然是提纲性的，但是我还是认为很有作用。特帖出来和大家共享。希望对各位雅友有帮助。后面附了word版本。

ENGLISH TO IMPRESS
CVs, speeches & IELTS
Important Words
•        Structure   Concise    Relevant      Analyse
CVs
•        CV    Personal Statement    Covering letter
Who is your audience?
•        Do not be modest!       Be structured
Overall structure
1.Personal information   Name, contact details   2.Education   Where, when  Work experience  Other information   Referees
Language
Do not:
•        Abbreviate
–        ‘I am’, ‘do not’, ‘there are’
•        Use ‘etc.’
–        ‘…including A, B and C’
•        Use the following: very, good, bad
–        ‘beneficial’, ‘constructive’, ‘informative’…  
Numbers
•        ‘one’ to ‘ten’ then 11+
Stylistic points
1.Be concise    2.Do not use the passive: ‘I’, ‘me’, ‘my’…
•        …in the first three words
•        Avoid using negatives
•        Vary sentence length
–        Short, long, short, long
Qualities western readers like
•        Initiative  Teamwork skills   Leadership skills   Interpersonal / communication skills   People who are enterprising, enjoy challenges, are enthusiastic learners
Personal statement
•        Why you want the job    Why you think you would be good at it   
✰All language and stylistic points apply
Covering letter
•        Why you are sending your CV  
•        Why you want the job
•        Why you think you would be good at it
•        Any additional relevant information
–        Availability for interview etc.
•        Signing off
–        ‘Yours sincerely’ (name), ‘yours faithfully’
KEYWORDS on CVs
•        Structure    Concise    Sell yourself
SPEECHES
STRUCTURE is the most important thing!!!
Overall structure
1.Introduction:----say what you will say   2.Body----say it   3.Conclusion----say what you have just said
Introduction
Define the question very clearly
–        The terms
–        The question
Body
•        Winning argument last
–        Use paragraph openers like ‘but far more importantly’ and ‘however, the most significant factor is…’
•        Logical order
•        Good structuring devices
–        Firstly, secondly… lastly
–        On the one hand… on the other hand
–        Rhetorical questions
•        Internal paragraph structure
–        First sentence
•        Introduce subject of the paragraph and link it to the question
•        Link new paragraph to previous
e.g. However, the most significant effect of EG in China has been the huge increase in living standards
–        Analysis
•        your BIG IDEA for the paragraph
–        Examples
•        come in threes
•        Acknowledge both sides of the debate…
•        …but do not acknowledge weaknesses in your own argument
•        Sets of three
–        Examples
–        Adjectives
Conclusion
•        Revise the main points
•        It is better not to sit on the fence
Template plan
Intro. – define question

P1 – main idea
P2 – main idea
…

Conc. – revise all main ideas, conclude
KEYWORDS on speech writing
•        Structure  ----1.Introduce, define, link   2.Analyse   3.Support
Confidence
•        Wear your favourite clothes
•        Listen to your favourite music
•        Anything else that makes you feel comfortable, special and charged
•        PRACTISE
•        Use your nerves!
G’s nerve control strategy
•        Resignation   Perspective   Reward!
Delivery
DO NOT:
•        Stare     Speak into the podium     Gabble     Snatch breaths     Sing     Fidget     Gesture excessively    Become emotional     Have a conversation!
DO:
•        Make eye contact      Use a varied but relaxed tone       Look relaxed---‘open’ body language
KEYWORDS on delivery
•        Practice         Control your nerves          Conversation
Delivery to reinforce structure
•        Changes of tone    Strategic pauses    Slow down for important ideas    Repeat important ideas
Answering questions
DO NOT:
•        Say ‘thank you for your question’!
DO:
•        Politely ask to have the question repeated and / or clarified
–        Please could you [do]…?
–        Would you mind [doing]…?
–        I wonder if you could [do]…?
Answering questions
DO NOT:
•        Say ‘thank you for your question’!
DO:
•        Politely ask to have the question repeated and / or clarified
•        THINK before you begin speaking
–        Analyse the question
–        Plan
You must answer the question asked
Example question
Which is your favourite season and why?
AUTUMN because:
•        Colours
•        Temperature
•        My birthday / mooncakes / …
But mostly because
•        Start of new academic year
Example question
Which is your favourite season and why?
AUTUMN because:
•        It is the football season
Example question
Do you think men and women are equal?
•        Equal in society?
•        Equally capable of doing all jobs?
•        Equal before the law?
•        Equal in personality? Maturity?
You decide…
Example question
Do you think men and women are equal?
…and say what your understanding is:
‘that’s a very broad question – the aspects that I think are most significant are …’
KEYWORDS on questions
•        Think            Analyse            Plan
IELTS
A test of your ability to communicate in English
How to prepare for IELTS by Ray de Wit (The British Council)
•        Reading (1 hr)   Writing (1 hr)   Listening (~30 mins)   Speaking (11-14 mins)
Reading
Test of your ability to understand
Questions are designed to be answered without understanding of technical words
Reading
What is it about?
1.Survey the text(Title, headings, special print, illustrations.First and last sentence of each paragraph)
This tells you where to look, What answers do I need?
2.        Analyse the questions:General or specific information?A time? A number? An opinion? Word limit? Words from the text only? This tells you what to look for
3.Get answers 4.Check answers (Have you identified the answers correctly? Is your grammar correct? Have you followed the instructions? )
Writing
•        Task 1 (>150 words) Description            Task 2 (>250 words) Argument / discussion / report
Writing Task 1
Description of: Process: how? ---Stages
•        Object: what? ----Relationships
•        Set of data – what and why?---Changes, differences, trends
Include all the relevant information
Do not include anything else!
Before you start writing:
1.Analyse question
–        What is it about?
–        What is the exact question?
2.Make notes
–        Identify stages, trends, comparisons
–        Work out vocabulary
3.Arrange under headings 4.Write 5.Check  Useful phrases:
•        Time expressions: First / next etc.
•        Comparatives and superlatives---The larger / the most important etc.
•        Expressions of contrast---Meanwhile / however / on the one hand… on the other hand / in contrast
Writing Task 2
Argument, discussion or report
•        Same points as for writing a speech
In addition;
•        Stick to time
•        Analyse the question carefully
•        Make it clear when you are giving your opinion
•        Paraphrase, do not copy from the question
•        Check answers
Listening
Anticipate answers
•        Read questions to find out: What it is about, What answers you need
•        Listen and Check
Speaking
Assessing you ability to speak “fluently, clearly and accurately”, FLUENCY is most important
Fluency
IELTS assesses ability to communicate. Conversation; listening and responding; Say a lot; Do not recite prepared answers; Can be practised with Chinese person
Speaking
•        Part 1: 2 min general conversation: A warm-up; Advanced sentences; Practise from your CV
•        Part 2: 2 min uninterrupted description: As for writing task 1
•        Part 3: 5 min discussion
–        COMMUNICATION
–        Collect useful phrases
•        Responding to a point
“Yes, I agree because…”
•        Comparing / contrasting
“In my opinion, there are two main differences.”
•        Speculating on the future
“It is unlikely that…”
Etc.
KEYWORDS on IELTS
•        Communication   Fluency    Structure    Practise
How to write for westerners
How can I get a place at a foreign university?
How can I win the speech contest?
How can I do well in IELTS?
Learn to love STRUCTURE!

[ 本帖最后由 yxb0924 于 2006-6-19 13:30 编辑 ]

yxb0924UID: 2150571

多谢版主鼓励～

金金鱼UID: 2202172

谢谢楼主分享哦~~很有用

yxb0924UID: 2150571

她主要讲了一个模式性的准备方法：Learn to love Structure～