AMERICAN GOVERNMENT 美國政府
A: Principles of Amer-ican Democracy
A.美國民主原則
1. Name one important idea found in the Declaration of Independence.
問:舉出「獨立宣言」中一項重要觀念。
A: People are born with natural rights.
答:人人生而具有天賦的權利。
A: The power of government comes from the people.
答:政府的權力來自人民。
A: The people can change their govern-ment if it hurts their natural rights.
答:如果人民天賦權利受到侵犯,人民能改變政府。
A: All people are created equal.
答:人人生而平等。
2. What is the supreme law of the land?
問:何為美國最高法律?
A: The Constitution.
答:憲法。
3. What does the Constitution do?
問:憲法的作用是什麼?
A: It sets up the government.
答:建立政府體系。
A: It protects basic rights of Americans.
答:保障人民各項基本權利。
4. What does “We the People” mean in the Constitution?
問:憲法中「我們,人民」是什麼意思?
A: The power of government comes from the people.
答:政府的權力來自人民。
5. What do we call changes to the Constitution?
問:憲法修正後的法律稱為什麼?
A: Amendments.
答:修正案。
6. What is an amendment?
問:什麼是修正案?
A: It is a change to the Constitution.
答:修正憲法的新條款。
7. What do we call the first ten a-mendments to the Constitution?
問:現行憲法的前10項修正案被稱做什麼?
A: The Bill of Rights.
答:人權法案。
8. Name one right or freedom from the First Amendment.
問:舉出憲法第一修正案中的任何一項自由或權利。
A: Speech.
答:言論自由。
A: Religion.
答:宗教自由。
A: Assembly.
答:集會結社自由。
A: Press.
答:出版自由。
A: Petition the government.
答:人民有向政府訴願自由。
9. How many amendments does the Constitution have?
問:目前憲法有多少修正案?
A: Twenty-seven (27).
答:27項修正案。
10. What did the Declaration of Inde-pendence do?
問:「獨立宣言」的作用為何?
A: Announce the independence of the … …
United States from Great Britain.
答:宣布美國脫離英國獨立。
11. What does freedom of religion mean?
問:宗教自由的意義為何?
A: You can practice any religion you want, or not practice at all.
答:你可以信仰任何宗教,也可以什麼宗教都不信。
12. What type of economic system does the U.S. have?
問:美國是什麼樣的經濟制度?
A: Capitalist economy.
答:資本主義經濟。
A: Free market.
答:自由市場。
A: Market economy.
答:市場經濟。
B:System of Gov-ernment
B:政府體制
13.What are the three branches or parts of the government?
問:美國政府的三大體制是什麼?
A: Executive, legislative, and judicial.
答:行政、立法、及司法。
A: Congress, the President, the courts.
答:國會、總統、法院。
14. Name one branch or part of the government.
問:說出任何一項政府部門。
A: Congress. 答:國會。
A: Legislative. 答:立法。
A: President. 答:總統。
A: Executive. 答:行政。
A: The courts. 答:法院。
A: Judicial. 答:司法。
15. Who is in charge of the executive branch?
問:行政部門由誰負責?
A: The President.
答:總統。
16. Who makes federal laws?
問:誰負責制定聯邦法律?
A: Congress.
答:國會。
A: The Senate and House (of Repre-sentatives).
答:參院及眾院。
A: The (U.S. or national) legislature.
答:(美國或是國家)立法機構。
17. What are the two parts of the U-nited States Congress?
問:美國國會由那兩部分組成?
A: The Senate and House (of Repre-sentatives).
答:參院及眾院。
18. How many United States Senators are there?
問:聯邦有多少位參議員?
A: 100.
答:100位。
19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years?
問:我們多久選一次聯邦參議員?
A: Six (6).
答:每六(6)年。
20. Name your state’s two U.S. Sena-tors.
問:說出你的州的兩位聯邦參議員。
A: Answers will vary. [For District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories, the answer is that DC (or the territory where the applicant lives has no U.S. Senators.]
答:答案各州不同。(住在華府哥倫比亞特區或美國屬地的居民應試者,當地沒有聯邦參議員。)
21. How many U.S. Senators does each state have?
問:每個州能有幾位聯邦參議員?
A: Two (2).
答:兩(2)位。
22. The House of Representatives has how many voting members?
問:眾院能有投票權的眾議員有多少位?
A: 435.
答:435位。
23. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years?
問:我們多久選一次聯邦國會眾議員?
A: Two (2).
答:每兩(2)年。
24. Name your U.S. Representative.
問:列舉你選區所在的眾議員。
A: Answers will vary. [Residents of ter-ritories with nonvoting delegates or resi-dent commissioners may provide the name of that representative or commissioner. Al-so acceptable is any statement that the territory has no (voting) representatives in Congress.]
47. What Cabinet-level agency advises the President on foreign policy?
問:那一個內閣部會對總統提供外交事務的建議?
A: The State Department.
答:國務院。
48. What does the judicial branch do?
問:司法體系做什麼事?
A: Reviews and explains laws.
答:檢討與解釋現有法律。
A: Resolves disputes between parties.
答:解決兩造之間的爭議。
A: Decides if a law goes against the Constitution.
答:決定某一法律是否牴觸憲法。
49. Who confirms Supreme Court justices?
問:最高法院大法官由誰來任命?
A: The Senate.
答:參院。
50. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States?
問:誰是目前的聯邦首席大法官?
A: John Roberts (John G. Roberts, Jr.).
答:約翰·羅伯茲。
51. How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
問:聯邦最高法院有幾位大法官?
A: Nine (9).
答:九位。
52. Who nominates justices to the Supreme Court?
問:聯邦最高法院大法官是由誰提名?
A: The President.
答:總統。
53. Name one thing only the federal government can do.
問:舉出一項只有聯邦政府能做的事情。
A: Print money.
答:印鈔票。
A: Declare war.
答:宣戰。
A: Create an army.
答:成立軍隊。
A: Make treaties.
答:締結條約。
54. What is one thing only a state government can do?
問:舉出一項只有州政府能做的事情。
A: Provide schooling and edu-cation.
答:提供學校教育。
A: Provide protection (police).
答:提供保護 (警察)。
A: Provide safety (fire depart-ments).
答:提供安全(消防隊)。
A: Give a driver’s license.
答:核發駕照。
A: Approve zoning and land use.
答:核准區域規劃和土地使用。
55. What does it mean that the U.S. Constitution is a constitution of limited powers?
問:「美國憲法是個限制權力的憲法」,這是什麼意思?
A: The federal government has only the powers that the Consti-tution states that it has.
答:聯邦政府只擁有憲法規定它所擁有的權力。
A: The states have all powers that the federal government does not.
炕G各州擁有聯邦政府所沒有的所有權力。
56. Who is the Governor of your state?
問:你居住州的州長是誰?
A: Answers will vary.[District of Columbia and U.S. Territo-ry residents would answer that they do not have a state governor or that they do not live in a state. Mentioning the governor of the territory for Guam is acceptable. Any answer that mentions one of these facts is acceptable.]
57. What is the capital (or cap-ital city) of your state?
問:你居住州的首府在哪裡?
A: Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents would an-swer that DC is not a state, and that therefore it does not have a capital. Any answer that mentions one of these facts is acceptable.]
58. What are the two major political parties in the U.S. today?
問:美國當今兩大政黨為何?
A: Democrats and Republicans.
答:民主黨及共和黨。
59. What is the highest court in the U.S.?
問:美國最高級法院是什麼?
A: The Supreme Court.
答:聯邦最高法院。
60. What is the majority politi-cal party in the House of Repre-sentatives now?
問:國會眾院目前的多數黨是?
A: Democrats.
答:民主黨。
A: Democratic Party.
答:民主黨。
61. What is the political party of the majority in the Senate now?
問:國會參院目前的多數黨是?
A: Democrats
答:民主黨。
A: Democratic Party.
答:民主黨。
62. What is the political party of the President now?
問:現任總統屬於哪個政黨?
A: Republicans.
答:共和黨。
A: Republican Party.
答:共和黨。
63. Who is the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?
問:現任國會眾院議長是誰?
A: Nancy Pelosi.
答:南西‧波洛西。
64. Who is the Senate Majority Leader now?
問:現任國會參院多數黨領袖是誰?
A: Harry Reid.
答:哈瑞‧雷德。
65. In what month are elections held in the United States?
問:美國選舉是在哪一個月舉行?
A: November. 答:11月。
66. What is the current mini-mum wage in the U.S.?
問:美國目前的最低(時)薪資是多少?
A: $5.15.
答:5.15元。
67. When must all males register for the Selective Service?
問:所有男性必須在什麼時候辦理兵役登記?
A: At age 18. 答:18歲。
68. Who is the Secretary of State now?
問:現任國務卿是誰?
A: Dr. Condoleezza Rice.
答:康朵莉莎‧賴斯。
A: Condoleezza Rice.
答:康朵莉莎‧賴斯。
A: Dr. Rice. 答:賴斯博士。
69. Who is the Attorney Gen-eral now?
問:現任司法部長是誰?
A: Alberto Gonzales.
答:阿爾貝托‧龔薩雷茲。
70. Is the current President in his first or second term?
問:現任總統是處於第一任期或第二任期?
A: Second.
答:第二任期。
71. What is self-government?
問:何謂自治?
A: Powers come from the peo-ple.
答:權力來自人民。
A: Government responds to the people. 答:政府向人民負責。
72. Who governs the people in a self-governed country?
問:在自治國家,人民由誰治理?
A: The people govern them-selves. 答:人民治理自己
A: The government elected by the people.
答:政府由人民選舉。
73. What is the “rule of law”? 問:何謂「法治」?
A: Everyone must obey the law.
答:每個人都必須遵守法律。
A: Leaders must obey the law.
答:領導人必須遵守法律。
A: Government must obey the law. 答:政府必須遵守法律.
74. What are “inalienable rights”?
問:何謂「不可剝奪的權利」?
A: Individual rights that people are born with
答:生而賦有的人權。
75. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.
問:憲法裡面有四條關於哪些人擁有投票權的修正案,試舉其中一項。
A: Any citizen over 18 can vote.
答:任何年滿 18 歲的公民都可以投票。
A: A citizen of any race can vote. <… …
p>答:任何種族的公民都可以投票。
A: Any male or female citizen can vote.(Women and men can vote.)
答:任何男性或女性公民都可以投票(男性和女性都可以投票)。
A: You don’t have to pay to vote. (You don’t have to pay a poll tax to vote.)
答:不必付錢就可以投票 (不必付投票稅就可以投票)。
76. Name one responsibility that is only for United States citizens.
問:舉出一項只有美國公民才有的責任。
A: Vote. 答:投票。
A: Serve on a jury.
答:當陪審員。
77. Name two rights that are only for United States citizens.
問:舉出兩項只有美國公民才擁有的權利。
A: The right to apply for a federal job.
答:申請聯邦工作的權利。
A: The right to vote.
答:投票權。
A: The right to run for office.
答:競選公職的權利。
78. Name two rights of every-one living in the U.S.
問:舉出兩項每一個住在美國的人都擁有的權利。
A: Freedom of expression.
答:表達自由。
A: Freedom of speech.
答:言論自由。
A: Freedom of assembly.
答:集會自由。
A: Freedom to petition the government.
答:向政府請願的自由。
A: Freedom of worship.
答:宗教自由。
A: The right to bear arms.
答:擁有武器的權利。
79. What is the Pledge of Alle-giance?
問:何謂效忠誓詞?
A: The promise of loyalty to the flag and the nation.
答:保證效忠國旗和國家。
80. Name one promise you make when you say the Oath of Allegiance.
問:舉出一項在宣讀效忠誓詞時提出的保證。
A: To give up loyalty to other countries.(I give up loyalty to my[old][first][other] country.)
答:放棄效忠其他國家 (我放棄效忠我 [ 舊有的 ] [ 第一個 ][ 其他的 ] 國家 )。
A: To defend the Constitution and laws of the United States.
答:捍衛美國的憲法和法律。
A: To obey the laws of the U-nited States.
答:遵守美國的法律。
A: To serve in the United States military if needed.(To fight for the UnitedStates [if needed].)
答:在必要時為美國軍隊效力 (在必要時為美國戰鬥 )。
A: To serve the nation if need-ed. (To do important work for… …
the United States[if needed].)
答:在必要時為國效勞 (在必要時為美國執行重要的工作)。
A: To be loyal to the United States. 答:效忠美國。
81. Who can vote in the U.S.?
問:在美國有哪些人能夠投票?
A: All citizens over 18.
答:所有年滿18歲的公民;
A: All registered citizens over 18.
答:所有年滿18歲的已登記公民。
82. Name two ways that Amer-icans can participate in their democracy.
問:舉出兩種美國人參與民主政治的方法?
A: Vote. 答:投票;
A: Join a political party.
答:加入政黨;
A: Help out with a campaign.
答:協助競選活動;
A: Join a civic group.
答:加入公民團體;
A: Join a community group.
答:加入社區團體;
A: Tell an elected official your opinion on an issue.
答:向民選官員提供自己對某個議題的意見;
A: Call your Senators and Rep-resentatives.
答:與自己的參議員和眾議員連絡;
A: Publicly support or oppose an issue or policy.
答:公開支持或反對某個議題或政策;
A: Run for office.
答:競選公職;
A: Write to a newspaper.
答:寫信給報紙。
83. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms?
問:寄送聯邦所得稅表的截止日期是哪一天?
A: By April 15th of every year.
答:每年的4月15日。
A: By April 15th.
答:每年的4月15日。
A: April 15th.
答:每年的4月15日。
84. Name two of the natural, or inalienable, rights in the Declara-tion of Independence.
問:舉出兩項獨立宣言列出的天賦人權或不可剝奪的權利。
A: Life.
答:生命;
A: Liberty.
答:自由;
A: The pursuit of happiness.
答:追求幸福。
85. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
問:獨立宣言是誰寫的?
A: Thomas Jefferson.
答:湯瑪士‧傑佛遜。
86. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?
問:獨立宣言是在何時通過的?
A: July 4, 1776.
答:1776年7月4日。
87. Name one reason why the colonists came to America?
問:舉出一個殖民者當初到美國的理由。
A: Freedom.
答:自由;
A: Political liberty.
答:政治自由;
A: Religious freedom.
答:宗教自由;
A: Economic opportunity.
答:經濟機會;
A: To practice their religion.
答:從事宗教活動;
A: To escape persecution.
答:逃避迫害。
88. What happened at the Constitutional Convention?
問:制憲會議是做什麼?
A: The Constitution was writ-ten.
答:擬定憲法;
A: The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution.
答:開國先賢擬定憲法。
89. Why did the colonists fight the British?
問:殖民者為什麼要與英國作戰?
A: They had to pay high taxes but did not have any say about it. (Taxation without representation.)
答:他們必須繳付高額稅捐,卻沒有任何代表權 (光繳稅,沒有代表權 );
A: The British army stayed in their houses.(boarding, quartering)
答:英國軍隊住在他們的房子裡 ( 食宿,占用空間 );
A: The British denied the colonists self-government.
答:英國拒絕讓殖民者擁有自治權。
90. When was the Constitution drafted?
問:憲法是在何時起草的?
A: 1787. 答:1787年。
91. There are 13 original states. Name three.
問:美國當初只有13個州,試舉其中三個。
A: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylva-nia, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia.