Issue212 ～ Issue118 (已修改)【南智组 Worriless第一次提纲作业】

WorrilessUID: 2270067

提纲里面夹杂着一些资料，大家凑合看吧^_^


99"In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."
观点  理想主义和实用主义同样重要，共同铸造成功。
1．             这个社会是一个现实的社会，人们都生活在现实中，现实当然重要
2．             太过现实会造成很多障碍，科学家太现实会阻碍科技发展等等
3．             理想化对他人：理想化能让生活增添很多乐趣，如科幻小说等等
4.       理想化对自身：适当理想化能让人们的精神生活更丰富，对生活充满乐观，保持积极的人生态度。


118"In any field of endeavor—the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc.—it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal."
观点：基本同意。但是不得不说the ideas and discoveries是为goals服务的。
1．             方法和观点比结果更重要，有了方法和观点就可以举一反三，类推到很多相似的事情，可以为后人铺平道路，减少很多重复的劳动
2．             尽管法国借着协约国的大势侥幸赢得了战争，法国人也有足够的理由为自己的胜利感到自豪，正如克里蒙梭说的——“从失败中诞生的共和国筹划、追求并实现了胜利，这是一切伟大事物对于一切即将死亡的、属于原始野蛮的过去的事物的胜利”例如数学上面的。。。。虽然失败了，却诞生出了一个新的科学
3．             虽然这样，但是社会的进步是由一个一个结果垒起来的。
http://www.shibaixue.com/Article/goodbook/200511/60.html

失败学网

考虑了一下。发现还是case by case 的方法比较好入手啊！
观点：由于不同 field 的特征不同，所有应该分别考虑，有的 ideas 重要，有的goals 重要
1.sciences 由于


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186"Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world." 观点赞成前半句，反对后半句
1        实用主义曾被人看作是资产阶级个人主义和利己主义世界观的最典型的理论形态。这是因为实用主义作为一种强调立足于现实生活的哲学与以追逐私利为目标的资本主义市场经济制度有着极为密切的联系，它关于生活、实践、信念、真理、效果等方面的理论很容易被利用来论证资产阶级的个人主义和利己主义。
2    但是，对实用主义仅仅包括上述否定看法是片面的。实用主义的真正意义是强调要超越传统意义、特别是利己主义意义上的个人主义，强调个人与社会之间的协调和人的实践和行动的社会性。
3   但是不是说只要对当今社会没有明显价值的东西就是无意义的。比如太空的研究对当今社会就没有明显意义，但是对今后人类的发展也许意味深远，例如很多超越时代的艺术作品在当时没有人懂，可以说在当时是没有意义的，但是对整个艺术发展史却起着决定性作用。

210"Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work."
观点：完全同意
1．             很多人也许出于利益至上心理，选择职业的时候更看重经济收入。
2．             更多的人也许出于很多客观原因比如贫穷，经济生活急于改变，很多人选择职业的时候更看重经济收入。这是社会发展不和谐的结果，例如在很多发展中国家，很多有志科研的青年常常因为家庭经济的原因放弃科研，选择收入更高的工作，很多教授因为收入原因不得不投身产业而影响科研。
3．             这种情况是不利于社会发展的，只有人们尽可能多地在自己喜欢并且适合的岗位工作，才能为社会创造更大价值。
4      对于社会应该采取一些有利机制比如保障体系，能让人们解除后顾之忧，更好地发挥自身价值，也为社会创造更多的价值。


212"If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable."
观点：完全反对。Justifiable在这里应该理解为“正当”，而不是“合理”。
1．             是否有利可图也不能决定正当性。并且只有当过程和结果都正当时，事情才是正当的，过程和结果都不能单独决定事情的正当性。
2．             有利可图不能决定正当性：举出一些反例例如商业中的走私活动，例如科技中的克隆人，比如文化中的黄色垃圾文化，比如政治中的水门事件。它们都蕴涵巨大的利益，但是不是正当的。
3．             结果不能决定过程：不惜一切手段达到目的是不可取的。虽然这是个经济高度发达的社会，利益也不能成为衡量一切的标准。伦理道德和法律对社会的发展也起着决定性的作用，如果只考虑利益而忽略其他，社会可能瓦解。





[ 本帖最后由 Worriless 于 2007-1-2 20:15 编辑 ]

alive1986UID: 2241739

很详细啊，晚上仔细拜读

luckychinaUID: 2131861

taken

zhf8608UID: 2247117

issue212提纲:
position: If a goal can benefit the whole society and all human beings then one should take every efforts to attain this goal, but different people have different values a goal is worthy to someone dose not imply that it is worthy to all human beings .Therefore the statement "any means taken to attain the goal is justifiable" is not preferable.

Firstly, if the worthwhile goals based on the interests of the society , try one's best to achieve Those goals are the driving force of the developments of human history.
Secondly, however even when one have a worthy goal it dose not mean that he can attain it by all means. In the process of realizing these goals, one should not harm other people's interests (in Politics... in business.. in science. doing experience on alive human beings...

Thirdly, When one determining to accomplish the goals one should have a general view about all the problems, the means taken should be consist with the ends in view


Issue No.99 "In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."
Syllabus
Position: In this ever increasingly competitive world, both practical point of view and ideal are essential elements of progress in all realms of life, and they drive human civilization forward, being practical is indispensable to ones survival, while ideal add our courage to conquer obstacles and give us a direction in the pursuit of success.
1 Practical view of point have the immediate contribution to the general public. With no pragmatic behavior the existence of our human race will not be insured. In the relm of social , business ..
2 Ideals is what we expect for the long-term Without it we may loose the inspiration to search for the real important as well as difficulties, Without the ideal we may not find the directions of the pragmatic actions.
3 we should take a pragmatic behavior when faced respective circumstance while holding the idealist view as our guidance in pursuit of ultimate goal of our life.


Issue No.118"In any field of endeavor—the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc.—it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal."
Syllabus (partly agree )
Position: In almost all the fields of endeavor, the matters of a goal and its ideas, discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal are integrated matters that we want.
1.        Every endeavor should have a goal or what purpose would the endeavor be. Goals help people to find direction and make one’s work more efficient.
2.        If we neglect the ideas and discoveries ,the interesting and perhaps more important thing in endeavor will be lost and the important fruit will be missing . some times the ideas and discoveries is far more significant than the goal.
3.        However ,In politics , failing to achieve a promised goal might result in a bad influence of  a politician and even more vital failure.

Issue No.186   "Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world."

Syllabus:
Position: Practicalism has become the mainstream nowadays, and it dose have significant role for the prosperity of contemporary society , but one must have the common sense that even if something is not practical it still has considerable value. The ignorance of those long term and not obviously practical things will harm the society.
First, we cannot deny the fact that practicality is fairly important for us. People develop technology for a better material life, which place great demand upon the practicality.
Second, Admittedly, even in the field of education, practicality is the guide line. Many college students still advance to graduate level study. Yet the most popular degrees are MBA ,computer science ,ect.
Thirdly, While scientific theory and technology an not be immediately put into practice, we should never underestimate their values in that  neither the possibility of putting them into practice in later time nor the interconnection between the theories and technology can be ruled out. Society should guard against the trend of pragamatism which would draw back the development of the human advancement rather than push it forwad.

Issue No.210"Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work."

Syllabus:
Position: In this pragmatic world, one has many considerations it is quite understandable those considerations eventually become limitations and restrain the freedom of one to choose a career. But there are still some people made decision about career depends on their own interests or natural talents.
1,In the over populated world , it is reasonable for people to consider the pragmatic concerns such as salary, relative ease of finding a job, and ect. When trying to find a job.
2. At the same time , the high rewards of a profession may rouse students’ interests in this profession and job related preparations.
3 However, the author has made an over generalization in regards to the factors determining career seeking when he or she claims that one choose one’s job based on such pragmatic concerns as expected salary rather than their talents or interests. If this is true , how can it be that so many scholars choose the field of research and devote their life to what they really interest?
In sum I believe the most reasonable way of decision making concerning career seeking is to best fulfill one’s value , talent  and interests.

luckychinaUID: 2131861

zhf,楼上是你的提纲作业吗？
如果是，就发一个新贴，在小组大贴上做个链接把~~

luckychinaUID: 2131861

99。
1。如果你按照提纲那样写的话好像就不是平衡观点了，至少篇幅上就是3：1的赞成理想化
2。各个body的观点都不错，但是这样会不会更有层次一些呢？
   B 1． 这个社会是一个现实的社会，人们都生活在现实中，现实当然重要
   B2.    理想化对自身：适当理想化能让人们的精神生活更丰富，对生活充满乐观，保持积极的人生态度。
  B3．  理想化对他人：理想化能让生活增添很多乐趣，如科幻小说等等
  B4．  理想化对社会：科学家不会因为太现实而阻碍科技发展等等
   
118。是要share的资料吗？sorry i fail to follow your syllabus

186。红色的很深奥阿~~lz不会是学哲学的吧，知识渊博阿~~
      我想及时我现在知道了这些，估计考场上也写不出这么深涩的冬冬阿:P

210。
  1。感觉你只局限在了经济利益上，as后面不止一个原因阿~~
  2。仔细考虑一下你的这句话“只有人们尽可能多地在自己喜欢并且适合的岗位工作，才能为社会创造更大价值“，是很有漏洞的~~

另外，worriless例子很多，交作业的速度也很快的说~~像你学习哦~~

WorrilessUID: 2270067

谢谢  lucky ,我再好好改改， 头一次写，很没经验的说

luckychinaUID: 2131861

大家都是greenhorn，给你指出的问题其实我也经常犯的~~
改了以后再发上来供大家学习学习吧~~