ETS范文argument分析关于rebecca0302[自由女神作文第一次作业]

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Argument ETS 范文分析

A recent survey of dental patients showed that people who use Smile-Bright toothpaste are most likely to have capped teeth -- artificial but natural-looking protective coverings placed by dentists on individual teeth.  Those people who had begun using Smile-Bright toothpaste early in life were more likely to have capped teeth than were people who had begun using Smile-Bright later in life.  In addition, those who reported brushing their teeth more than twice a day with Smile-Bright toothpaste were more likely to have caps on their teeth than were those who reported brushing with Smile-Bright less frequently.  Therefore, people wishing to avoid having their teeth capped should not use Smile-Bright toothpaste.

The argument contains several facets that are questionable. First, the reliability and generality of the survey are open to question.（先说调查的可信度和普及程度） In addition, the argument assumes a correlation amounts to a causal relationship. （混淆了必然和偶然） The argument also fails to examine alternative explanations. （结果没有提出检查解释的选择） I will discuss each of these facets in turn.提出问题（统领全局）引出观点

先说调查的可信度In evaluating the evidence of the survey, one must consider how the survey was conducted.  If the questions were leading or if the survey relied on self reports, the results might be unreliable -- people might just respond with the expected answer.   广泛度One must also consider how broad the survey was.  If the survey was limited to a few patients of a certain dentist, the results might be attributable to those particular individuals and that particular dentist.  Hence, the generalization drawn might not apply to most people. 让步说如果调查是很广泛的 In addition, even if the survey was broader, one must consider whether it was limited in certain ways.举例子说明广泛兴的局限 For example, were the survey respondents old people?  Was the survey limited to a certain city or geographic region?  Factors such as these could explain the survey results and could undermine the generality of the survey results.

让步，就算前边的不是问题还是有其他问题Even if one accepts the survey results, the argument remains questionable. 没有提供足够的证据 关系牵强 The argument assumes that the correlation between the use of SMILEBRIGHT and capped teeth means that SMILE BRIGHT causes the need for capped teeth.  But the argument fails to provide sufficient evidence to support the conclusion. 递进，作者没有考虑人的缘故，也许产品很好 In addition, the argument fails to consider the possibility that people who already have capped teeth might prefer SMILEBRIGHT as a toothpaste because it works better on capped teeth.

最后作者没有提供其他解释 Finally, the argument's author fails to rule out alternative explanations.  For instance, people who brush their teeth more than twice a day might be those who are prone to the need to have their teeth capped.  It might also be the case that starting with SMILEBRIGHT early in life damages the teeth so that capped teeth will be needed later.  It also might be the case that SMILEBRIGHT users tend to be the kind of people who are excessively concerned with the appearance of their teeth, perhaps their actors, and so are the kind of people who might, sooner or later, want to have their teeth capped anyway.
层层深入的驳论。，先说论据的不广泛性 然后说就算广泛了作者也将必然和偶然混淆，最后进一步说明作者没有给其他解释。