issue & argument 提纲关于rebecca0302[自由女神作文第一次作业]

rebecca0302UID: 2249779

Issue 174 "Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."
OUTLINE
strongly agree with the assertion
1 ，on the one hand, consistency , stability and predictability in our laws is required in order for us to understand the obligations and rights as we go about our business as a society
On the other hand, rigid laws can result in unfairness if applied inflexibly in all places at all times
Examples
One. Private industry to thrive, business should be afforded the security of knowing legal rights and obligations to employees , tax authorities  , federal regulatory agencies . and their contractual rights and duties to customers and suppliers.  Undue uncertainty would have Chilling effect on business. Moreover, consistency in legal environment promotes expansion as well as interstate and international commerce ,all of which are worthwhile endeavors in an increasingly mobile society
Two , the framers of the US Constitution need flexible laws and flexible system . affording each state legal jurisdiction over all but interstate matters.
    Marital property rights
    Laws aptly illustrates the virtues of a legal system that allows laws to evolve to keep pace with changing mores , attitudes and our collective sense of equity. The same example also underscores the point that inflexible laws tend to operate unfairly, and properly give way to more flexible ones—as our nation’s founders intends

178 "It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds."
Outline
I strongly agree with the assertion
On the one hand, it is necessary to found laws to control and place limits on people’s behavior. The former will to fund law. The authority have to establish the law.  Benefit for society and the former himself.
On the other hand, the undue unreason of the law would do harm to not only people but also society. because it reforms human nature and change the nature of people
example
Taking for example, the private business . law should be established to control people’s behavior, otherwise there will be a mess on the exchange system. There will be also serial problems appearing,  like water pollution, deforestation , desertification and so forth. and threaten the balance on which all animals depend
Another example is the framer of the constitution . The law of the constitution have to be reformed several times.  Because some parts of the old law have disturbed the development of the society
Laws aptly illustrates the virtues of a legal system that allows laws to evolve to keep pace with changing mores, attitudes and out sense of equity.
  
180 "Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."
Outline
I strongly agree with the assertion
On the one hand . laws can save many problems of  modern society . society need laws.
On the other hand, some problems can not be solved for moral behavior cannot be legislated.
Taking for example, laws solve a chain of problems. Desertification  and deforestation/ the environment it better
Martin luther king . the revolution of the legislated system
The  destroy of the slavery law. Northern black man
  The framer of the constitution established a serial flexible law.
Law embody / aptly illustrates the virtues of a legal system that allow law to evolve to keep pace with changing world, attitudes, mores

169 "Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other."
Outline
On the one hand, politics can be treated by law.
On the other hand morality can’t be solved by means of law.
Example, slavery law. Linen , martin luther king
The found of the institution . it has been modified for seven times

Argument的提纲：
1The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products.
"Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsville's schoolchildren are required to participate in a 'fitness for life' program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age."
Outline
Firstly , commits a hasty generalization saying that their stores are most profitable in areas
Secondly. The arguer made an assumption that all of the customers  living in the Plainsville will purchase health food and other health-related products
Last but not the least,  the arguer fails to take into other factors by making a conclusion that they can even anticipate a new generation of customers:Plainsville’s schoolchildren. Economical condition and the tendency of the customer’s concept


2.The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres to all homeowners in Deerhaven Acres.
"Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting."
Outline
Firstly , the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.
Secondly , the arguer also commits a fallacy of “ after this , therefore because of this”  and says that the phenomenon that homeowners adopted a set of restrictions  caused the average property values tripled in Brookville, he fails to take other factors under consideration
Thirdly,  incomplete comparison , drawing a conclusion that in order to raise values , we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and house painting

3The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis.
"In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms
declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work."
outline
one,  the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization that law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms.
Two, the scale of the survey is too small, only first year students are surveyed, the sample of the study  lacks representativeness.。the arguer fails to take other expertise under consideration.
Ignored the benefit of working in a big company

4The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site.
"Of the two leading real estate firms in our town—Adams Realty and Fitch Realty—Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams.
Outline
On the one hand, The arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization by saying that Adams is clearly superior that Fitch, he ignored other factors , taking the after selling’s service , the quality of the service for example,
On the other hand, The arguer made an fallacy of incomplete comparison.
Last but not the least, he made a conclusion that all of us should use Adams, without considering the personal character

5The following appeared in the business section of a newspaper.
"Given that the number of people in our country with some form of arthritis is expected to rise from 40 million to 60 million over the next twenty years, pharmaceutical companies that produce drugs for the treatment of arthritis should be very profitable. Many analysts believe that in ten years Becton Pharmaceuticals, which makes Xenon, the best-selling drug treatment for arthritis, will be the most profitable pharmaceutical company. But the patent on Xenon expires in three years, and other companies will then be able to produce a cheaper version of the drug. Thus, it is more likely that in ten years the most profitable pharmaceutical company will be Perkins Pharmaceuticals, maker of a new drug called Xylan, which clinical studies show is preferred over Xenon by seven out of ten patients suffering from the most extreme cases of arthritis."
outline
On the one hand, the arguer fails to take into other factors that made the pharmaceutical companies profitable. Taking the cost of the production, the demanding of the customers for example,
On the other hand, the arguer made an unrealized assumption that Becton pharmaceuticals is the best-selling drug treatment for arthritis, and then will be the most profitable company
Third , there is not sufficient assertion to approve that in ten years the most profitable pharmaceutical company will be perkins pharmaceuticals

6The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe.
"A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe's jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is 'Jazz Nightly,' which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money."
Outline
Firstly , the arguer fails to improve that the c note would have the local market all to itself
Secondly, the arguer fails to improve that jazz is extremely popular in Monroe
Thirdly, the arguer fails to take the benefits of the c note under consideration