issue88 graduate06--Hamming组第二篇冲刺作业

graduate06UID: 2223299

TOPIC: ISSUE88 - "Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."


Position: 有保留的同意Outline:
1技术可以影响社会传统。
2技术可以影响道德规范。
3但是技术却不能决定社会传统和道德规范.


WORDS: 462          TIME: 上午 45:00       DATE: 2007-1-17


There is no doubt that technologies influence social customs and ethics in a great number of fields. The statement that technologies determine social customs and ethics is real or imagined is shown in the examples of the changes of customs or ethics and the preserving of customs or ethics.

The technologies are responsible for the changes of social customs in certain fields. No one would deny that there is no bearing with the development of technologies and social customs and ethics, as we know, the industrial revolution free the women from the housework, and moreover, the traditional viewpoints such as the superiority of men over women are significantly altered by the advanced technologies. Another telling example is sacrifice, the people living long time ago lacked the basic knowledge of how to cure the different diseases and of the causes of the diseases, they often, in some societies, sacrifice living human beings to their god for appeasing the wrathful god and ask for His help. With the development of technologies, we know the reasons of the diseases and the methods of how to cure them. So the custom was faded away.

Moreover, the technologies influence the social ethics as well. One good example to show it is the development of ethical issue about the intermarriage. In feudal ethic, intermarriage means that one marry with his relative so as to integrate and enhance the intimacy between the family of bride and the bridegroom, When scientists found that the child, whose patents are intermarried, are likely to suffer some inborn weaknesses. According to the view of genetics this kind of child is inferior in gene. After people know it, the traditional ethical point of view was changed strikingly. Now there is no one marry with his or her relative.

However, the statement that the technologies can determine the social customs and ethics is not right in some cases. Firstly, they cannot determine the social customs, for example, the chopsticks, which were used in China for about more than two thousand years, although through feudal society to social society technologies improved a lot, the chopsticks are still used in all of the China. Secondly, some significant festival such as spring festival in China and Christmas in western, which were handed down from one generation to another, has not been determined by the development of technologies. Thirdly, the ethical of human cloning is debated in many countries. If the technologies can determine social ethics, there will not so many people protest the cloning of humans.

The statement that technologies affect the social customs and ethics is no doubt a reasonable argument. Yet, the other half of the statement is too absolute to be true. As far as I am concerned, the social ethics and customs are determined by human nature but not the technologies. So we could say that technologies is one of the factors that why social customs and ethics changed.

tomato217UID: 2126636

There is no doubt that technologies influence social customs and ethics in a great number of fields. The statement that technologies determine social customs and ethics is real or imagined is shown in the examples of the changes of customs or ethics and the preserving of customs or ethics[them][后面段落展开有问题，这里你阐述的changes和preserving给人你主要要从这两个方面来论述determine的感觉，而实际上你是先分social custom和social ethics来重点阐述influence，而determine的讨论只是一个让步。而且首句的no doubt使得你的头两段失去了讨论价值].

The technologies are responsible for[responsible for表职责或对不好的后果负有责任，have an effect on] the changes of social customs in certain fields. No one would deny that there is no bearing with the development of technologies and social customs and ethics[既然这段只说customs，就不用把ethics拖出来，累赘],[断句] as we know, the industrial revolution free the women from the housework, and moreover, the traditional viewpoints[单数] such as the superiority of men over women are significantly altered by the advanced technologies. Another telling example is sacrifice, the people living long time ago lacked the basic knowledge of how to cure the different diseases and of the causes of the diseases, they often, in some societies, sacrifice living human beings to their god for appeasing the wrathful god and ask for His help.[展开的不错，很自然] With the development of technologies, we know the reasons of the diseases and the methods of how to cure them.[这句太抽象，哪些已经发现了，哪些没发现，具体化] So the custom was faded away.

Moreover, the technologies influence the social ethics as well. One good example to show it is the development of ethical issue about the intermarriage. In feudal ethic, intermarriage means that one marry with his relative so as to integrate and enhance the intimacy between the family of bride and the bridegroom,[标点] When scientists found that the child, whose patents are intermarried, are likely to suffer some inborn weaknesses. According to the view of genetics this kind of child is inferior in gene. After people know it, the traditional ethical point of view was changed strikingly. Now there is no one marry with[del ‘with’] his or her relative.

However, the statement that the technologies can determine the social customs and ethics is not right in some cases.[逻辑上有问题：这里不好说明。因为你举出一个custom的例子，就必须证明任何technology都没有决定。这个几乎很难办到。例如，使用筷子基于制造筷子的技术] Firstly, they cannot determine the social customs, for example, the chopsticks, which were[现在没用了？] used in China for about more than two thousand years,[断句] although through feudal society to social society technologies improved a lot, the chopsticks are still used in all of the China. Secondly, some significant festival such as spring festival in China and Christmas in western, which were handed down from one generation to another, has not been determined by the development of technologies. Thirdly, the ethical of human cloning is debated in many countries. If the technologies can[del ’can’，can表能力，没有can就是事实，本文讨论的是事实] determine social ethics, there will not so many people protest the cloning of humans.

The statement that technologies affect the social customs and ethics is no doubt a reasonable argument. Yet, the other half of the statement is too absolute to be true. As far as I am concerned, the social ethics and customs are determined by human nature but not the technologies.[题外话，删] So we could say that technologies is one of the factors that why social customs and ethics changed[change].

graduate06UID: 2223299

多谢了，好几处我再写的时候没有注意到，多谢了！！

[ 本帖最后由 graduate06 于 2007-1-18 07:40 编辑 ]