【天下无G组】第一次作业提纲

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用英文写的，还没有写完，打算先交了再说，之后继续努力，尽量在规定时间之内把它补完。
请大家不要嫌烦，帮我看看共同进步～谢谢

分类提纲
182"It is dangerous to trust only intelligence."
观点：同意。
Although intelligence is really an important disposition of a person and it seems to be the decisive precondition of a person to achieve success and to some extends, to create larger treasure intelligence seems to be important, trusting only intelligence is really dangerous and insensible.
论证：
第一段：Intelligence is important. It is the treasure that one is endowed by nature, without which mankind could not have created such remarkable progress.
Examples: Undeniably, Forest Gump (a characteristic in the famous movie) can surely make some incredible achievement, but he cannot be the one who puts forward the theories of Relativity mainly because there is a far distance between his intelligence and that of Einstein Albert.
第二段：However, intelligence is not the absolute precondition when we are constructing the society. Intelligence is what one get from the God, but how he uses it is more important. Only when utilized properly, it can bring benefit for human.
E.g. Some intelligent ones commit crimes with their prominent brainpower, disturbing the peace of the world but not contributing their intelligence to benefit it.
第三段：On the other hand, study and diligence can make up for the shortage of intelligence, for many successful celebrities are not the ones with eminent brainpower.
E.g.  The famous mathematician Hua luogeng once attributed his success to his diligence but not his intelligence.
第四段：Many fields in the society call for not merely intelligence but some other capacities.
E.g. To be a painter the aesthesis is more important while for a successful gymnast the physical constitution is more decisive.
结论段，归纳总结一下。

192"Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning."
观点：平衡观点，让步语气。
In spite that there exist some examples that some achieve success accidentally or at risks, the careful and cautious planning is playing a indispensable role in most instances.
第一段：I concede the speaker's statement partially because someone succeeded depending on their luck.
e.g. Roentgen discovered X-rays and Fleming discovered penicillin.
第二段：However, the wild-accepted principle of success is that we should conceive a reachable and all-sided plan in advance, and then try to accomplish it step by step. So, plan is very important in the process to success.
E.g. Some scientific experiments need careful, cautious, logical and detailed plans, since many field inclusive scientific research call for circumspect plans and careful operation, but not cases depending on a stroke of luck and chance.
第三段：Chances may bring some successes occasionally, but chances are not the necessary precondition of that. One may not accomplish all the goals only because of his luck even if there can be some instances that he is attacked by the good luck.
(想不到例子的说。。。)
第四段：Some examples we offered to support the statement that "success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks” seem quite susceptible when weighing in mind carefully, since we may overlook some other premises of their success.
E.g． Bill Gates is often referred to be the paradigm who achieve success from taking risks but we may have ignored that he is aware of his process to get what he wants and so that he can confidently fulfill his dream.
结尾：总结一下。
（我觉得这篇好难写啊～大家指点一下吧，总觉得没什么合理的论据和站得住的观点。。。）

206"People are too quick to take action; instead they should stop to think of the possible consequences of what they might do."
观点：I totally stand by the speaker’s statement.
第一段：Maybe some would like to claim that we should do whatever we are thinking of without too much hesitation, or we may miss the chance to achieve our goals since the emergence of chances is often too transient.
E.g. A shooter in a football game is not allowed to stop and think how he can get a goal when he is confronted with the defending players and the goalkeeper, he can only decide as soon as possible and if he hesitates at that criminal moment, he may miss the chance to score.
第二、三段:However, in most cases, medication is very necessary when making a decision. Many cases need carefully planning and analysis, so that we can fulfill our goals or tangle with the troubles.
E.g. (1) scientific experiments call for circumspect plans and designs.
     (2) we need to analysis the complicated conditions and only after making clear the conditions can we make sensible decisions.
第四段：However, we should distinguish meditation and vacillation. Vacillation makes no sense but a waste of time and chances, while meditation means to consider the condition and come out a sensible conclusion.
结论：我们应该在面对事情的时候认真考虑清楚分析情况，但是并不是要蹉跎犹豫不决。


211"Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an individual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions."
观点：有保留的同意。
第一段：I concede that it is important to conceive the future conditions when we make decisions for the reason that only when we have take all possibilities that may happen in the future in advance and realize the possible conditions clearly can we make a comprehensive decision.
E.g. Before entering the college and choosing the major, a student should analyze the future job market and make sure what field is in need of talented person when they graduate and relative information so that they can make sensible decisions.
第二段：However, present conditions can not be overlooked when deciding. Since to some extend, the present conditions are more decisive and only when we have a clear cognition can we be sensible enough to make a decision.
E.g. There was once a period in China called "Great Leap Forward" during which the leaders of the government failed to realize the actual reality of the country at that moment, making some unachievable targets, hindering the process of development of China and squandering the recourses.
第三段：Another crucial problem we should come to is that on most occasion we cannot predict the future conditions accurately, since we can only guess what it may be like in the future.
E.g. It is hard for a company to presume the result of their new productions exactly for the sake that the market is controlled by nobody but the preference of the consumers, the economic policy of the nation and their commercial opponents at that moment, and  there is no principle for the game in the field of business.
第四段：Actually the future conditions are the results of the present ones. Closely-knitted relationship between these two decides that there are some cause-and-effect relation between the present conditions and the future conditions, that is, results may come hand by hand and finally the future comes into being.
结论：归纳总结一下。其实尽管考虑未来的情况很重要，我们一定不能忽略了认真的分析现状。


212"If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable."
观点：平衡观点。
第一段：A worthy goal is a most important prerequisite when we are striking for the future. Only when we have had a worthy goal can we make real success.
E.g.秦始皇统一中国是在有了这样一个明确的目标之后才获得成功的。
第二段：However, not every so-called worthy goal is down-to-earth and definite. Sometimes the goals sound to be extremely worthy efforts but when considering carefully, we may find they are not tangible or Utopian.
E.g.中国的great leap forward就是一个例子。
第三段：Even if the goal is worthy and achievable, we should fulfill it with a proper method. Otherwise, we may offend others or even do harm to the society.
E.g.农民想要致富是一个很好的愿望和目标，可是为了获利更多，去欺骗消费者就是不好的了。
第四段：But on the other hand, we should be cognate that no one can predict an absolute result before it comes out itself, so whether a goal is worthy is a question without answers.
论述：很多时候要获得成功并不是一个人去努力就能完成的，还有很多其他的因素比如surroundings,一类的。
结论：So a really worthy goal must be equipped with two qualities namely, to be practical and realistic, to be able to be achieved by a rational and proper way.


Issue225 "People often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else."
观点：有保留的同意。
第一段：I concede that sometimes those inappropriate comparison do harm to the society and individuals because we are not so fair-minded when comparing, resulting to some ridiculous conclusions.
E.g. Prejudice in race, gender and different ranks in the society is an typical example.
第二段：However, the speaker overlooks a fundamental problem, that is, comparison is an indispensable for the survival and development of human beings. For one thing, comparison makes it possible for us to realize the gap and discrepancy between two objects, then comes the competition, which compels us to perfect ourselves. That is the momentum of the development of the human society.
E.g. Consumers are inclined to patronize the better restaurant after comparison, and to obtain benefits the worse one would exert efforts to make itself better to appeal the consumers.
第三段：On the other hand, as an individual in a society, only when he compares himself with the surroundings can he evaluate himself correctly. He would never realize whether he is good or not unless he compares himself with others, if not, one may overvalue or, to the opposite, underestimate himself, which may hinder his development.
E.g. Exams can be considered to be an impartial method to assess the study condition of a student, and the scores can make the students realize his ranking in a certain group.
第四段：In addition, substances in the world themselves have some certain relationship with each other, similarities or discrepancies. Whatever the relationship is, if we can compare them properly, perceiving the similarities or discrepancies between two objectives, we can easily make clear the essence of a substance.
E.g. Without comparison, we would not have made sure the differences and common ground between male and female.
总结：归纳一下～


Issue231" 'Moderation in all things' is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say, 'Moderation in most things,' since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus."

观点：I totally agree with the speaker's statement.
第一段：Undeniably, moderation should be the basic principle when we are tangling with kinds of matters because going to the extreme may make things worse.
E.g. The deficiency of the natural resources nowadays is a persuasive example substantiating the harm of overusing the resources. Disforestation, overly hunting are all immoderate behaviors that result the destruction of the balance of ecology.
第二段：However, if we hold the principle of moderation as a general rule when we are confronted everything, the best results would never come out.
E.g. When it comes to the topic of retribution against the terrorists, the answer tells itself. Intense focus on it is undoubtedly necessary since the peace and security of the world can not bear the moderation on the threatening existence of terrorism. So powerful and thorough penalties to it are reasonable.
第三段：(为第二段的论点再举一个例子)Athletes should seek for a higher record sparing no efforts. A great athletic performance requires great focus and intensity, so come the excellence and victory.
第四段：Every practice is actually a tentative action when making the first attempt, and the measure would never emerge itself until the appearance of the results. So what degree can be called moderate is really an unknown question.
E.g. Take a simple daily experience as example, when cooking for the first time, a new hand would not know what is the moderation when he puts the salt into the dishes if without instruction. Only when he has tried several times can he be told the proper dose of salt by the experience.
结尾：归纳总结一下～


Issue99 "In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."

观点：I totally agree with the speaker's statement.
第一段：Undeniably, an idealistic view reflects one's optimistic point of view towards the world, with which, he might keep himself in high spirits when seeking for the success. An idealistic world exists just like a light tower which gives us energy and courage to strike forward.
E.g. Many successful celebrities might have a great and lofty plan for their future during their childhood and then they are propelled to fulfill their dreams. As Napoleon's famous saying goes:"The man who has made up his mind to win will never say ' Impossible' “ .
第二段：However, we must not overlook the realistic condition of the world and make an unreachable target, if so, things will not go as we expect and, what' worse, we may be frustrated by the failures.
In the field of academy, a student should evaluate his own intelligence and capacity and analyze the realistic conditions carefully and rationally, so that he can make himself a tangible goal to achieve.
第三段：When it comes to the social facet, a realistic view is an indispensable prerequisite. A country calls for a correct direction to develop and the direction and destination should be achievable and down-to-earth.
Utopia, dreamt by Thomas More, seems to be a magnificent world in which every citizen can get whatever he wants and, as it describes that in the Utopian socialism, no exploit exists and the private ownership of property breaks down. It illustrates such an ideal model of society but unfortunately it is aloft in the present condition at that time, even now.
第四段： As for a shrewd businessman, he may never over evaluate his financial capacity and neglect the present condition of the market to make a dangerous plan to bog down himself.
结论：在生活的每一个方面我们都需要实事求是，尽管一个理想化的目标是需要的，但是在具体做事情的时候，需要be pragmatic.


148"Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or trouble."

观点：I firmly stand by the speaker.
第一段：An ideal substance is something that is perfect, the model of excellence and perfection of a kind. So a typical ideal might be the most appealing destination that all we ordinary people are pursuing for, holding which in one's mind can surely prompt him to exert greatest efforts to achieve his goals.
E.g. Without the intense desire to make a perfect performance, the athletes could not be perseverant to undergo the hardness of practice and challenge the limit of the corporeity, and create amazing records in the history.
第二段：However, on most occasions, a perfect illustration of may act as a obstacle. Disappointment may attack us when failed to fulfill our destination we made in advance, breaking up our courage and confidence.
E.g. 一个从小体弱多病并且没有什么体育天赋的孩子，without robust constitution， 以作一名top1的basketball player是不可能的，一定会frustrated。
第三段：Sometimes we may easily sink into endless daydreams and overlook that we should practice at first, so can the dreams come true. Similarly, when ignoring the pragmatic realities, one may easily turn to be too distant to the reality.
E.g. Utopia的例子又可以拿出来用～～～, 还有Don Quixote也是一个好的例子。
第四段：We should learn how to make a proper destination for ourselves, which should be equipped with two qualities. For one thing, only an aim that can arouse our courage to overcome the obstacles and difficulties and give us continuous confidence to face the dark present conditions can be incentive to the action. For another thing, it should be down-to-earth so that we would not confront with the frustration which caused by the utopian dream.
结论：归纳一下～～


186"Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world." （ETS真能搞，翻来覆去的搞些题＝＝）
观点：有保留的同意。说明理想主义和现实主义各自都很重要，尤其论述现实主义的重要性，但是又必须注意，其实value并不是在一件事情开始做的时候就能体现出他的价值的。
第一段：Admittedly, the idealism is admirable to some extent, as the ideals support us with enormous courage and confidence, which can prompt us to be optimistic towards the future and make us powerful to struggle with the frustrations.
第二段：But we should not be so simple-minded to over estimate the function and importance of idealism because in the reality practicality should be emphasized as well. Any points of view and decisions that are unpractical can not bring us opportunity to achieve our goals, since only those achievable destinations can bring us success.
E.g. Don Quixote is a typical example of visionary.
第三段：For another, the investment of money and energy and resource can be valuable when the fruits can satisfy and benefit us. The resources are limited and if we arrange them on the aloft programs whose results are vague, it is noting but a waste in the reality.
第四段：However, we should be informed that in the reality, the value of a certain practice may not turn on before the results come out. For this sake, we can only evaluate the value of is empirically, but experiences are not so reliable. 在事情结果出来之前不能predict它们确实是invaluable。And some cases show that maybe the contemporaries can not realize the value but the off springs benefit much.
结论：总结一下观点。


210"Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work."
观点：平衡观点。
第一段：Admittedly, I concede that most people choose their career for some pragmatic purposes since under the intense job and survival pressure, to feed and clothe one himself and his families is a tough-minded problem.
E.g. 温饱问题是basic needs，对大多数人来说能找到一个工作养家糊口就不错了，她们没有条件去consider their natural talents and interest.
第二段：However, natural talents are the precious treasures that are endowed by the God, if we ignore them, it must be a pitiful loss for the individuals and the society.
E.g. If an intelligent student, bestowed with admirable talent in mathematics, chooses to attempt to be a singer (maybe he is not good at performance at all) just because he is attracted by the enormous financial profits and gives up to be a mathematician (depending on his talent he is supposed to be successful in this field), which can be considered as a tragedy.
第三段：On the other hand, interest is an important part in the life of a personality. Interest is what he likes, what attracts his attention, when doing which he would never feel tired, and what can bring him the greatest happiness all over the world. If he is forced to do what he is not interested in, he may suffer agonies and lose enthusiasm towards his present job.
第四段：Actually, no incompatible contraction exists between these two objects. 我们有时候可以同时兼顾两项，找到一项工作，可以满足兴趣也赚钱。很多事情只要从小因材施教，比如喜欢舞蹈或者有舞蹈天赋的孩子可以学习舞蹈，成为一个优秀的舞蹈家也是可以赚钱的。
结论：归纳总结一下～～

236"Encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough is both misleading and potentially harmful."
观点：有保留的同意。
第一段：Undeniably, everyone is endowed with the potential to create the ideal world in his dream and the power to overcome the troubles and difficulties by nature, and with this belief in mind one can be propelling to seeking for his dream.
E.g. As Bernard Shaw's famous saying goes:"The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them." , human is capable to create everything if believe his capacity.
第二段：However, we should be sensible to realize the fact that human is not omnipotent and there exist quiet a large quantity of things we can not conquer. Nature is a typical example.
E.g. We are surviving in the biosphere and we must comply to the rule of it, if not, we would be punished. We are now paying back for our wrong doings in the early days---we are confronted with the deterioration of the environment and the serious pollution of air and water, so we must instruct our off springs that we can not be so arrogant to allege ourselves to be the omnipotent creator of the world, or we human beings would suffer revenge from the nature.
第三段：For another thing, we should recommend the young people to be down-to-earth when they are struggling for their ideals. Opportunities and the contemporary conditions play decisive roles when we are trying to fulfill our dreams and one's ability not unlimited, so that they can estimate themselves correctly and would not be knocked down by the disappointment and frustration.
第四段：Successful education should be one like this: children are fostered to be optimistic, with the confidence to challenge and enthusiasm to create, at the time, they are aware that there are some limitations which may hamper them to accomplish their goals.

结论：归纳总结一下～

Issue118"In any field of endeavor—the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc.—it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal."
观点：平衡观点。先要肯定attainment其实对于人类来说是很重要的，然后阐释为什么方法和各种发现更加的重要。
第一段：Undeniably, the attainment we are proud of the attainment we have achieve in the process we are developing ourselves, which have make the atmosphere we are surviving more suitable for us.
E.g. The coming of electricity has removed the darkness and the whole world turned to be well-illuminated. And the existence of the plane, the motors and the train has brought remarkable convenience to us.
第二段：But ideas and discoveries are more important for the reason that attainment can only benefit us to a limited extent, while the ideas, discoveries and theories can bring us more valuable things. These can direct us when we are groping for more mysteries.
E.g. The idea that the tissue, organs and even the individual of a creature can be cloned has guided the development of biology to an amazing peak.
第三段：Great attainment often comes together with the correct ideas and novel discoveries, so to come out a valuable is more indispensable.
第四段：A substantial invention or attainment may outdate someday, but a directive theory and idea may illuminate us to breed new ideas, bring more attainments.
E.g. 由于孟德尔遗传定律的得出，我们才能得出更进一步的连锁互换定律以及弄清楚遗传的本质。然后很多遗传病才能得以解决。
结论段：总结归纳一下观点。

Issue216 "Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another."
观点：有保留的反对
第一段：Admittedly, I concede that we have come across some important discoveries and creations when we are groping for the answers to other questions.
E.g. Fleming found the function of Penicillin accidentally but not on purpose.
     Hans Christian Oersted was encountered by the relation between electric current and magnetism.
第二段：However, most scientific discoveries are finished under cautious plans, with definite purposes and clear direction.
E.g. The Human Genome Project carried on with the definite purpose and the scientists all over the world were organized together to accomplish this project step by step, so that the genetic map can be finished.
第三段：We should not distort the meaning of the word accidental in the discoveries. To explore something underground calls for some unique characters of the researchers, such as cautiousness, wariness, perseverance and outstanding observational ability.
E.g. Without those characters, Marie Curie could not have found the metals of Radium and Polonium---maybe she would just overlook those substances or give up before success.
第四段：We should not have an opportunist when sacrificing ourselves into the world of science and many other fields of discovery and creations, because the reason why an accident is called an accident is that it may not happen as a necessity.
结论：我们不能完全的投靠机遇和偶然，还是要靠脚踏实地的一步一步的走。











[ 本帖最后由 bingbingxiemin 于 2007-1-20 01:08 编辑 ]