argument提纲 [自由女神小组 第7次作业]

huzhUID: 2268429

argument提纲 [自由女神小组 第7次作业]
II.提纲作业:
76The following appeared as part of an article in a health and beauty magazine.

"A group of volunteers participated in a study of consumer responses to the new Luxess face cream. Every morning for a month, they washed their faces with mild soap and then applied Luxess. At the end of that month, most volunteers reported a marked improvement in the way their skin looked and felt. Thus it appears that Luxess is truly effective in improving the condition of facial skin."


1.The arguer fails to tell us the possible that the other factors contribute to the improvement of the skin.
2.One month is too short to statistic the change of the skin.
3.The argument fails to convince us the everyone uses the Luxess improve his or her skin.

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9The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.

"Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors."


1.Firstly, the arguer fail to convince us that evaluation the teaching effectiveness reasons the 30% increase in the overall student grade averages.
2.Secondly, the arguer assumes that the grades inflating cause Omega graduates unsuccessful to get jobs.
3.Finally, the arguer did not inform us the factors of the nearby Alpha University.

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34Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium, substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore believe that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease in which the bones weaken significantly with age and that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors. But a long-term study of a large number of people has found that those who have consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study. Since bone fractures are a symptom of osteoporosis, this study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.
1.The arguer fails to inform us that other factors may cause higher rate of bone fractures.
2.The arguer fails to convince us that the people who consume the dairy products have a higher rate of bone fractures, young or older, man or woman?
3.The bone fractures is not meaning that the people have the osteoporosis. (有骨折现象并不意味就得了O病)
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36The following appeared in an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist.

"Twenty years ago Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research proves that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture is false, and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid. Because they are using the interview-centered method, my team of graduate students working in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures."




1.The culture of the Tertia has changed a lot during twenty years.
2.The arguer fails to provide the evidence that his conclusion is right and the conclusion of the Dr. Field is wrong.
3.Even the conclusion of the Dr. Field is wrong; there is no reason that his survey method is wrong.
4.The arguer fails to convince us that his method is right.

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39The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Humana College.

"Last year the number of students who enrolled in long-distance degree programs at Omni University increased by 50%. During the same year, Omni showed a significant decrease from prior years in expenditures for dormitory and classroom space, most likely because instruction in the long-distance programs takes place via interactive video computer connections. In contrast, over the past three years, enrollment at Humana College has diminished and costs of maintaining buildings have risen. Thus, to increase enrollment and solve the problem of budget deficits at Humana College, we should initiate and actively promote long-distance degree programs like those at Omni."

1. The arguer false analogy the Omni University with the Humana College, maybe the method used in the OU is not feasible in HC.
2. There is no reason to convince us that the number of the student enrolled is relative with the expenditures of dormitory and classroom.
3. The arguer fails to address the factors leading to the rising cost of maintaining building at HC.


------------------------------61The following appeared in a report by the School District of Eyleria.

"Nationally, the average ratio of computers to students in kindergarten through grade 12 (K-12) is 1:5. Educators indicate that this is very good ratio. This means that across the country, all students have access to and can use computers daily in their classrooms. In Eyleria's K-12 schools, the ratio of computers to students is 1:7. This number is sufficient to ensure that all of Eyleria's students, by the time they graduate from high school, will be fully proficient in the use of computer technology. Thus, there is no reason to spend any of the schools' budget on computers or other technology in the next few years."


1.  The arguer fails to convince us that the every student has accesses to and use computers daily in their classroom.
2. The K-12 can not ensure all of E’s students can fully proficient in the use of computer technology by the time the graduate from school.
3. The ratio of the E is lower than the average; the arguer fails to consider other factors.
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4The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site.

"Of the two leading real estate firms in our town—Adams Realty and Fitch Realty—Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams."

1.The argue fails to convince that the estate agents is more efficient than the part-time estate agents.
2.There is no evidence that the Adams’ revenue is high than Fitch’s, the seller would get more money from Adams than Fitch.
3.Maybe the house ten years ago was not as good as the one which I sold one month ago.