argument144 [0710G 戴三个表冲刺小组] 第19次作业

pinuoUID: 2328081

1.200个charitable organizations,没有说明其中的各种类型，可能样本不足，不是representative enough. 只是说明了在去年的增长，很可能只是一个aberration.

2.即使说明religion和environmental group比Education的多，也不一定说明更多的人愿意并且有能力给慈善机构捐款，但education不是最高级别 只是说捐款的数量增加了25％，并不一定捐款的人多了，可能捐款的人少了，但其中的某些人捐款的Number增加了，使得总数增加了；同时可能教育的捐款也增加了，所以不能说教育不优先了。
3.不能得出人们认为教育机构比其他机构不需要捐赠，可能人们给教育捐赠少有其他的原因。
1>     人们认为在现在的教育机构质量不高，不愿意给教育捐款
2>     教育捐赠的要求比较restrict，不好申请
3>     教育需要的捐赠数目太大，短期满足不了，人们就选择捐给其他能马上受益的项目。

TOPIC: ARGUMENT144 - According to a poll of 200 charitable organizations, donations of money to nonprofit groups increased by nearly 25 percent last year, though not all charities gained equally. Religious groups gained the most (30 percent), followed by environmental groups (23 percent), whereas educational institutions experienced only a very small increase in donations (3 percent). This poll indicates that more people are willing and able to give money to charities but that funding for education is not a priority for most people. These differences in donation rates must result from the perception that educational institutions are less in need of donations than are other kinds of institutions.

WORDS: 538          TIME: 00:43:24          DATE: 2007-8-13 18:47:19

The author, in the argument, assert that people's common understanding that educational insitutions are less in need of donations compared with religious group and environmental groups by citing the differencs in donation in a poll of 200 charitable orgainzations. The argument is problematic in some aspects, thus render the conclusion unconvincing as it stands.

First of all, the number of charitable organization, 200, may constitute an insufficent sample to draw a reliable conclusion about people's attitude towards different donation items. Also the sample may be not representative enough to all the charitable organizations. Thus the result, that educational institutions experienced the smallest increasing in donations among the three organiztions, may be ungrounded.

In addation, even I were conceded that the donation of educational institutions increased most slowly, it is unpersuasive.to indicat that " more people are willing and able to give money to charities but that funding for education is not a priority for most people"  by the result that donations of money to nonprofit group increased by almost 25 percent last year  First, the author failed to provide information that how many people participate in the donation, it is entailly possible, this number decreased, though the total donation increased last year. Because the amounts of  donation of certain individual increased greatly which lead to the totally increase.  Second, it is highly posssible, the result of last year was just a aberration, the the past several year the donation suffered a deline. In both cases the argument that more people are willing and able to give money to charities is undermined. The same to the assertion, that funding for education is not a priority for most people. Suppose initially the the donation to educational institutions took 80% percent in all donation, compared with religious groups' 10% and environmental groups' 10%, then after the increase, the donation to educational institutions was 82.4% ,  religious groups' 13% and environmental groups' 12.3%. The eductional institutions still receive the most donation, thus the people who donated to educational institute might also increase.

Finally, even assuming less people are willing to donate to educational institue, the assertion that differences in donation rates reflect the perception that educational institutions are less in need of donations than others is unconvincing. There may be other reason that people refuse to donate more money to education -- rather than education institutions not need donations. For example, people are not satisfied with current education system, the choose reducing donation to express their dissatisfiction. And it is also highly possible educational institute need so much money that all the donations can not meet their requirement, thus people donate the money, which initially should be donate to educational system to other groups, which will benefit these groups in a shorter time.

In sum, to convince me that the diffence in donation rate reflected that educational institute are less in need of donations than others, the author need to provide evidence that the result of poll can reflect the true donation rate. And  the author need present clear evidence that more people donate to charities as a whole and less people donated educational system. To better asses the argument, I need ruling out other reasons people reducing donation to educational institute.

pinuoUID: 2328081

改过基本错。

The author, in the argument, assert that people believe that educational institute are less in need of donations compared with religious group and environmental groups by citing the a poll of 200 charitable organizations in which educational institute experienced the smaller increase than religious groups and environmental groups. The argument is problematic in some aspects, thus render the conclusion unconvincing as it stands.

First of all, the number of charitable organization, 200, may constitute an insufficient sample to draw a reliable conclusion about people's attitude towards different group which received donations. Also the sample may be not representative enough to all the charitable organizations. Thus the result, that educational institutions experienced the smallest increasing in donations among the three groups, may be ungrounded.

In addition, even I were conceded that the donation of educational institutions increased most slowly, it is unpersuasive to indicate that "more people are willing and able to give money to charities but that funding for education is not a priority for most people" by the result that donations of money to nonprofit group increased by almost 25 percent last year First, the author failed to provide information that how many people participate in the donation, it is entirely possible, this number decreased, though the total donation increased last year. Because the amounts of donation of certain individual increased greatly which lead to the totally increase.  Second, it is highly possible, the result of last year was just an aberration, in the past several years the donation suffered a decline. In both cases the argument that more people are willing and able to give money to charities would be undermined. The same to the assertion, that funding for education is not a priority for most people. Suppose initially $80,000 was donated to educational institutions, while $10,000 to religious groups and $10,000 to environmental groups, then after the increase, the donation to educational institutions was $82,400 after experiencing 3 percent increase, while $12,000 and  $12,300 to religious groups  and environmental groups respectively. The educational institutions still receive the far more donation than the other two groups, thus generally the number of people who donated to educational institute might also increase.

Finally, even assuming less people are willing to donate to educational institute, the assertion that differences in donation rates reflect the perception that educational institutions are less in need of donations than others is unconvincing. There may be other reason that people refuse to donate more money to education -- rather than education institutions not need donations. For example, people are not satisfied with current education system, they chose reducing donation to express their dissatisfaction. And it is also highly possible educational institute need so much money that all the donations can not meet their requirement, thus people donate the money, which initially should be donate to educational system, to other groups, which will benefit these groups in a shorter time.

In sum, to convince me that the difference in donation rate reflected that educational institute are less in need of donations than others, the author need to provide evidence that the result of poll can reflect the true donation rate. And the author need present clear evidence that more people donate to charities as a whole and less people donated educational system. To better asses the argument, I need ruling out other reasons why people reducing donation to educational institute