【Phat Yeti出品】60-SECOND SCIENCE 官方听力文稿 + 讨论帖 （更新至：2008.03.07）

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Founder Mutations Stay In The Family

Some genes that contribute to diseases can be traced back to what’s known as a founder mutation. It’s the first instance of that specific mutation, which then gets carried by all subsequent generations. Mutations in one specific gene are known to give carriers a 69 percent greater risk of colon cancer by the age of 80.  But it can be tough to figure out who has it.  Luckily the Mormon church keeps great family records.

Researchers at the University of Utah were able to figure out that this mutation occurred in only two extended families, one in Utah and one in New York. So they suspected that somewhere in history lurked a founder. They used colonoscopy information, genetic analysis of family members, and genealogical data and Mormon archives to trace the mutation all the way back to one couple.  When Mr. And Mrs. George Fry came to America from England in about 1630 they had no idea that they were bringing along the colon cancer risk gene.  Fortunately, the Frys’ hundreds of 21st century descendants can be monitored and treated at the first sign of the disease.

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Naps Improve Memory of New Tasks

If you feel the urge to lay your head down on the desk for an afternoon nap, here’s something to tell your boss: a 90 minute snooze will actually help you remember that new task you just learned. Researchers at the University of Haifa published the results of their nap study in the journal Nature Neuroscience. They tested two groups—each was asked to learn to bring their thumb and finger together in a specific sequence. One took a 90-minute nap afterwards, the other didn’t. The group that slept had learned the sequence better by nightfall. By morning the two groups had evened out, but researchers say the nappers improved more rapidly the next day.

Then the scientists took another two groups. Both learned two different thumb-to-finger sequences over a few hours. One group took a nap in between the two tasks. At night-time, there was no difference between the groups. But by the morning, the nappers had learned the first task better. Scientists say this shows siestas help engrave new tasks into our long-term memory. Turns out that if you snooze, you win.

[ 本帖最后由 豆豆～ 于 2008-1-11 14:08 编辑 ]

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