献给【0906G 文以载道三月四月作文小组】没能完成ISSUE作业的同学们，填坑中

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分类
1.平衡观点(包括有倾向的观点)
2.一边倒的观点
1.【平衡观点】
开头： (提问/陈述题目/分析题目）+(让步)+表明立场
正文：  1. 让步部分，即同意部分（可分为几个角度分几段说）
          2. 不同意部分（同样分段论述）
结尾：总结
31"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."
花在研究上的资金基本上都是不错的投资，即使研究的结果是有争议的。（现实和理想）
I agreed with the speaker's broad assertion that ....However， the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to ...My points of contention with the speaker involve ...,as discussed below.
(让步语气+表明立场+乘上启下)
I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue. （同意部分）
While ... at the same time we should be circumspect about... （不同意部分1）
The speaker's assertion is troubling in two other respects as well.(1.一些问题是研究永远解决不了的2.有些研究在帮助人类减轻痛苦时又加深了人类痛苦)（不同意部分2，3）
In sum，the speaker's assertion that ...begs the question, because 照应正文论证段. As for the speaker's broader assertion, I agree that ...because照应正文论证段.Nevertheless....In the final analysis, ....
121 "At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."
在过去不同的地质时期，很多物种的灭绝都是自然因素造成，而并非人类行为。所以，社会没有理由花费很大的人力物力去拯救濒临灭绝的物种。
what are the limits of our duty to save endangered species from extinction? The statement raises a variety of issues about morality, condcience, self-preservation, and economics. On balance, however, I fundamentally agree with the notion that ...(提问+陈述自己观点)
As I see it, there are three fundamental arguments for the responsibility to ...(分段阐述支持保护的3条理由)
the first has to do with ....
The second argument has to do with....
The third argument is an appeal to ...
On the other hand are two compelling arguments against placing a duty on humans to protect endangered species.
The first is ...
The second argument, and the one that I find most compelling, is ...
In sum, the issue of ... is a complex ome, requiring subjective judgments about ....Thus, there are no easy or certain answers. Yet it is for this very reason I agree that ....In the final analysis, at a point when ..., then we humans will ...
8 "It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."
政治领导们在公众面前有所保留经常是必要的，甚至是值得赞许的。
I agree with the speaker that ....Nevertheless , we must not allow our political leaders undue freedom to withhold information; otherwise, ...
One reason for my fundamental agreement with the speaker is that ...
Another reason why I essentially agree with the speaker is that ...
Having recognized that ...nevertheless...
In sum, ...Nevertheless ...
186 "Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world."
实用主义是我们现在主要的追求，一切的力量和才智都必须为其服务。任何并非显著实用的东西在当今世界几乎是没有价值的。(当务之急和长远大计的关系)
in today's world is practicality our idol--one which all powers and talents must serve? while this claim has considerable merit with respect to most areas of human endeavor--including education，art， and politics--I take exception with the claim that when it comes to the direction of scientific research today.(提问+让步+表明立场)
Practicality seems clearly to be the litmus test for education today.
Practicality also dictates what sort of art is produced today.
practicality is also the overriding concern in contemporary politics.
on the other hand, the claim amounts to an overstatement when it comes to today's scientific endeavors.
In sum, ... Finally, query whether the claim begs the question . After all, ...
190 "As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate -- and, perhaps, even cruel -- when one considers all the potential uses of such money."
当人们挨饿、失业或者缺少维持生存的基本技能时，动用公众资源来支持艺术就不合适了，也许，考虑到这些金钱的所有可能用途时，就更不人道了。
The speaker asserts that ....It might be attempting to agree with the speaker on the basis that ...However, the speaker overlooks ...
The implicit rationale behind the speaker's statement seems to be that ...
It might also be tempting to agree with the speaker on the basis that ...
On the other hand are two compelling arguments that ...
In the final analysis , ...
2. 【一边倒观点】
开头：（题目分析）+表明立场+概述理由（1.2.3）
正文：1. 呼应开头理由1
         2. 呼应开头2
         3. 呼应开头3
结尾：总结

在一边倒中， 全盘否定还可以用类似argu的写法
   开头：陈述题目观点+分析题目依赖论据（1.2.3）+驳斥观点
   正文：1. 驳斥论据1
            2. 驳斥论据2
            3. 驳斥论据3
   结尾: 总结
   注：容易写成argu，要小心
4. "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
任何领域要取得重大进展，都需要外领域者的知识和经验。
I strongly agree with the assertion that ...Two examples that aptly illustrate this point involve the fields of ...and ...(表明立场+概述理由)
Consider how ...is enhanced not only by expertise of the ...but ultimately by the expertise of ...and even ...
An even more striking example of how expertise in diverse fields is needed to advance knowledge involves the area of ....
In sum, no area of intellectual inquiry operates in a vacuum.Because the sciences are inextricably related,...Moreover, ....
10 "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."
政府必须要确保主要城市发展所需的财政支持，因为一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以保存和发展。
The speaker's claim is actually threefold: 1....2...3...I strongly disagree with all three claims.
First of all, subsidizing cultural traditions is not a proper role of government.
Secondly, subsidizing cultural traditions is not a necessary role of government.
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the speaker unfairly suggests that ...
In the final analysis ,...


[ 本帖最后由 susanner 于 2009-1-18 03:27 编辑 ]