北美翻译 大家来分享！

justdoit!UID: 2533175

What is the limit(s) of our duty to save endangered species from extinction? This statement raises a variety of issues about morality, conscience, self-preservation, and economics. On balance, however, I fundamentally agree with this notion that our human beings are not obligated to (need not) take (make) "extraordinary" effort（s）at expense of money and jobs to save (ensure the preservation) any species in jeopardy.

In my opinion, (as I see it) there are three (fundamental) arguments (for imposing on ourselves at least responsibility) to bolster the point that we should be obligated to protect the endangered species from extinction to some extent. The first has something to do with culpability. According on (to) this argument, it is the anthropogenic events, such as clearly cutting forest, pollution of rivers and streams that contribute to the circumstance in which many species are facing with extinction.(北美的句式是：to some extent endangerment is the result of anthropogenic events such as clear-cutting of forest or polluting of lakes and streams, we humans have a duty to take affirmative measures to protect the species whose survival we have placed in jeopardy) Thereby, to some extent, our beings have the duty to preserve the endangered species.

The second has to do with capability, this argument disregards to the extent which our human beings might (have contributed to the endangerment of a species) give rise to one specie in danger, however (instead), since we are aware of the emergence, know how to take steps to prevent the extinction, and have the ability to achieve the steps, (then) we should (morally obligated to) be responsible to help prevent species extinction. This opinion requires human has affirmative responsibility in preserving the endangered species. (This argument would place a very high affirmative duty on humans to protect endangered species)

The third seems to be appealing (an appeal) to the self-preservation for our own human beings. The animal kingdom is an intricate matrix of independent relationships, in which each species depends on others for its survival. (北美的句式：severing certain relationships, such as that between a predator and its natural prey, can set motion to a series of extinctions that ultimately might endanger our own survival as a species) And if some relationships (for example the relationship between a predator and its natural prey) break down, it will set into motion a series of extinction. Moreover, our own survival will be endangered as a species, although the assertion seems too far-fetched for us now, the environmental experts assure us that the occasion will occur in the long term.(in the long run it is a very real possibility)

On the other hand, there are also two convincing (compelling) arguments to take exception to the foregoing statement. This notion fundamentally stems from(The first is essentially) the Darwinian's argument that extinction result from the inexorable process of natural selection, that is,( in which) stronger species survive while weaker ones do not. What is more, our human beings cannot be exempt from the natural selection. Hence, (accordingly) if we see fit to eradicate some certain species for the purpose of facilitating our human beings, (then so be it, we are only behaving as animals must, Darwin would no doubt assert) the action should present justifiable, as the Darwin’s claim that we only did as animals must.

The second argument, (and the one that I find most compelling) which I regard to be the most convincing, is appealing (an appeal) to logic over emotion. It is scientific fact that thousands of species disappear from our world every year, and most of them are ascribed to the natural force instead of anthropogenic factors. After all (in any event), it is (far beyond) out of our ability to save each endangered species. Nonetheless, (北美句式：By what standard, then, should we decide which species are worth saving and which ones are not?) what standards should be determined what sorts of animals are worth preserving? In my opinion ( in my observation), we (tend to favor animals with human-like physical characteristics and behavior) are prefer saving the animals whose appearances and behavior are like us human beings, and this thoughts can be understood (this preference is understandable) , since(after all) the dolphins are more(endearing) lovely than bugs, yet, (北美句式：there is no justification for such a standard) this standard does not has rational reasons to support. Therefore, it is more reasonable (make more sense) for us to make a decision depending (based) on our own economic interests, in other words, we should take less precedence on the species whose preservation require more money and investment.（北美句式：the more money and jobs it would cost to save a certain species, the lower priority we should place on doing so）

All in all, (the issue of) saving endangered species is a complex question, which needs the subjective judgment on morality and the value of a species, thus there are no easy answers or certain answers. However, according on the aforementioned factors, we should take priority to considering our own interests rather than the vague notion about morality when it comes to protecting the endangered species. In the final analysis, we should take measures to save the endangered species at a point when it becomes critical for our own survival, in accordance with Darwin's notion of natural selection.
( 注：蓝色部分为我翻译与北美范文中有出入的部分，体现出一个语言对比吧)
个人感觉北美句式都是不错的句子！
1.
小词巧用；
raise 表达引起的意思时是一个和好的小动词！
ensure 可以和各种名词连用，比如表save时可用 ensure the preservation of
jeopardy 别老是用那个danger了！
Impose on 表强制时的一个不错的动词词组啊！
clear-cutting 灵活应用合成词啊！
Affirmative 表积极的意思，一个不错的表程度的词汇！
Have to do with 表与什么有关，很不错，记得！
disregard 表不考虑，无视等意思，一个不错的动词啊！
Then 表递进关系时应该记得用啊！可以使文章句与句有连续性！
Appeal 很好的提出观点的过度用词！
Intricate 表复杂的，不要老用 complex， complicated了！
Matrix 表示集体的意思，看起来很有学术性啊！
Severe 作动词的时候有damage 的意思，记着用啊！
Set motion to 导致（contribute to， lead to，give rise to）
Ultimately 表最后的不错副词，别老是用finally，at last。。。
Far-fetched 表示不合实际的， 不自然的。。
Assure ，ensure ，convince， guarantee值得区分一下！
Compelling 记得有令人信服的意思！！！
Essentially 记得有本质地意思！是很好的说明本质，进一步解释是用！！
Be exempt from 免于。。。 记得用啊！
Accordingly 和hence，thereby， therefore， thus 一样！
Beyond 一个表示超过的不错的小词!
In any event 在任何情况下，感觉有after all 的意思！
Endearing 表讨人喜欢的，不lovely 好多了
Human-like physical characteristic and behavior 描绘动物时可以用！

justdoit!UID: 2533175

以后多注意句式！

irvine666UID: 2575525

raise 表达引起的意思时是一个和好的小动词！emerge, emergence, appearance
ensure 可以和各种名词连用，比如表save时可用 ensure the preservation of 表promote的时候也可以用 ensure the improvement of，关键是那个名词要找得到
jeopardy 别老是用那个danger了！嘿嘿，红宝上有那么多危险...peril hazard
Impose on 表强制时的一个不错的动词词组啊！强加于么...除了这个还真没有地道的表达方法了...
clear-cutting 灵活应用合成词啊！给你个另外的exterminative exploitation
Affirmative 表积极的意思，一个不错的表程度的词汇！positive,optimistic也是这类型的词
Have to do with 表与什么有关，很不错，记得！be related to
disregard 表不考虑，无视等意思，一个不错的动词啊！turn a blind eye to / be blind to
Then 表递进关系时应该记得用啊！可以使文章句与句有连续性！这个...很常用的吧
Appeal 很好的提出观点的过度用词！注意的是appeal to这个词组，很多意思都很有用，算是比较万能的一个词组了
Intricate 表复杂的，不要老用 complex， complicated了！同词根的我想到的有intrigued（激起好奇心），intrinsic(内在的，本质的)
Matrix 表示集体的意思，看起来很有学术性啊！这个不是矩阵么...黑客帝国之矩阵革命...
Severe 作动词的时候有damage 的意思，记着用啊！
Set motion to 导致（contribute to， lead to，give rise to）social cataclysm / social upheaval
Ultimately 表最后的不错副词，别老是用finally，at last。。。恩，这个词我也经常用
Far-fetched 表示不合实际的， 不自然的。。
Assure ，ensure ，convince， guarantee值得区分一下！
Compelling 记得有令人信服的意思！！！compelling reason就是令人信服的原因，argument经常用的
Essentially 记得有本质地意思！是很好的说明本质，进一步解释是用！！
Be exempt from 免于。。。 记得用啊！恩，这个不错，以后想到avoid的时候可以换换
Accordingly 和hence，thereby， therefore， thus 一样！
Beyond 一个表示超过的不错的小词!
In any event 在任何情况下，感觉有after all 的意思！
Endearing 表讨人喜欢的，不lovely 好多了
Human-like physical characteristic and behavior 描绘动物时可以用！

唉...看来我积累也不太够...

justdoit!UID: 2533175

The speaker asserts that using public source to support the art is unjustifiable when there is
(where) anyone goes without food, job, and the ability to survive(basic survival skills), due to the fact that art is not the fundament needs for our humans and the government cannot be relied on(trustworthy) when it comes to the motives and direction on bolstering art, thereby, (北美句式： it might be tempting to agree with the speaker on the basis that )the speaker's assertion may be accepted by people easily. Nonetheless, the speaker overlooks the economic interests and other societal benefits (that accrue) when the government assumes an active role on supporting art.

The potential rationale of the speaker's assertion might is that the importance of the diversity of art pales in the importance of food, clothes, shelters （北美句式： the implicit
rationale behind the speaker’s statement seems to be that cultural enrichment pales in importance compared to food, clothing, and shelter.）which is undoubted fact that the later ones are basic needs for our humans. After all, a hunger（starving） one would prefer a outstanding painting to a poor（bad） meal? Hence,（accordingly） I concede that it is proper（appropriate） to take（assign） priority to the pressing social problems over art when it comes to using the public source. However, to delay（postpone） the art funding until we eradicate completely unemployment and hunger may seem that the art funding cannot be established forever. Any informed person who believes otherwise is envisioning a pure socialist in which the government can meet all the citizens' demands, the thoughts amount to fantasy.

It might also be tempting to agree with the speakers on the basis that the art patronage is not（neither） appropriate and（nor） necessary function for our government. This argument has considerable value（merit） on three respects. First, it is inappropriate（ill-conceived） to relegate the decision and option about the art funding for （to）few(a handful of) bureaucrats who may make their decision according on their own opinion(quirky notions) on art and be affected(susceptible to ) easily by the influence-peddling. Secondly, the social charity (appear to be)presents alive and well today, for example, the public broadcast can survive and even thrive under the donations of the private foundations and individual year after year. Thirdly, the government funding requires large amounts of tax dollars from our pockets, leaving us less disposable dollars with which to support the arts directly and efficiently than any bureaucrat ever could.

On the other hand are two compelling arguments that the public to support art is desirable, whether（or not） the unemployment and hunger can be eliminated or not. One such argument is that we actually help to solve the social problems by allocating the public source to art. For example, considering the Canadian film industry which (is heavily subsidized by) gain the heavy investment from the Canadian government, (and which provide countless jobs for film-industry workers as a result) the benefits resulting from it reveals a myriad of jobs for the film workers can be offered. Moreover, the Canadian government also provides various incentives for American film makers to produce films in Canada, it is the incentives that stimulate (sparked a boon for) the economics, job growth, and the wealth which can be applied to education, job training, and social programs. The Canadian example can clearly prove (is proof) the point that supporting the public arts can help to solve the social problems which the speaker is concerned with.

The second argument has to do with the function and ultimate objectives of the public arts. As long as we, art can improve（lift） our spirit level and put us in touch with our own feelings, defects, and fates, in a word, with our humanity. With an increasing (heightened) sensitivity to our human condition, we become more other-oriented, less self-centered, more giving-ourselves. In other word, our society are becoming more charitable in which people are more willing to offer help to those who are less fortunate than us in which the speaker is concerned. Of course, the speaker may argue that we actually do
(disservice) harm to others when we are helping them, (by enabling them to depend on us to survive) because it may contribute to the fact that they will become dependent on us instead of themselves. Yet, (北美句式：at the heart of this specious argument lies a certain coldness and lack of compassion that, )from this heart of this specious argument can we see a certain coldness and lack of compassion, in my view, that should be eliminated in any society. Moreover, this argument may give rise to the political, philosophical, and moral issues which this brief issue cannot deal with (address).

In sum, the beneficiaries of the public arts funding are not limited to the elitists who wander through big-city museums and attend symphonies and gallery openings, as the jobs for artists which the public arts created, supporting the public arts can also provide countless for others who depends on the lovely and thriving art industry, and it is the culture that cultivate the charitable heart for the hungry, the helpless, and the hapless.
小词巧用： trustworthy 值得信任的 （adj. 感觉有时候比rely on，depend on 好）

be tempting to do something （感觉作用和 be an appeal to 差不多）

accrue 表增长，增加的意思，很不错


assume( a role on) 比play，act好！

implicit 可表potential 同样的意思不错啊！


rationale 表逻辑，理由的不错名词！

Pale in表在某方面弱，很好的动词词组


Compared 不要老是用那个than了！！

Appropriate 比proper 好！

Assign（lower priority over） 时可以代替take！！

Informed 可以表示有知识的！


Envision 表示幻想，不错，记得用啊！

Neither nor 在结构上会显得很不错的词汇，真正的小词巧用！


Ill-conceived 表不合适的不错的形容词！

Susceptible to 表示受什么影响的很好的短语！

Appear to ，seem to ，present记得混着用！

Disposable 表可支配的，不错，在表示权力的时候

Desirable 表合适的，也是不错的！

Subsidize 表资助等意思的不错用词！

Countless 表大量的！很不错的！

Incentive 表诱因等（不要老用motivation了）

park a boon for （在某时候与stimulate 差不多，又有导火索的意思！）

Lift 也是有improve的意思，记得使用！

Heighten 有提高增强的意思，替换increasing吧！

other-oriented, less self-centered, more giving-ourselves 描绘品德的不错用词哦！

Disservice 作为damage harm 的名词替换！

Address 有处理的意思，记着用啊！

irvine666UID: 2575525

trustworthy 值得信任的 （adj. 感觉有时候比rely on，depend on 好）形容事物的话reliable也不错

be tempting to do something （感觉作用和 be an appeal to 差不多）

accrue 表增长，增加的意思，很不错


assume( a role on) 比play，act好！是play a role in吧.../可以用前面提到过的be to serve as换掉

implicit 可表potential 同样的意思不错啊！(这个词要注意语境了，不是任何时候都能换用的，仔细理解一下题目的意思)


rationale 表逻辑，理由的不错名词！suspicion，反义词

Pale in表在某方面弱，很好的动词词组


Compared 不要老是用那个than了！！contrast/compare 两个词注意分清楚用途

Appropriate 比proper 好！adequate也是一个

Assign（lower priority over） 时可以代替take！！

Informed 可以表示有知识的！intelligence = 知识分子 = intellect

Envision 表示幻想，不错，记得用啊！额？这居然是个动词...寒

Neither nor 在结构上会显得很不错的词汇，真正的小词巧用！


Ill-conceived 表不合适的不错的形容词！这个词带贬义，注意场合

Susceptible to 表示受什么影响的很好的短语！想到了reflect on反思，不过reflect on有特殊语境

Appear to ，seem to ，present记得混着用！

Disposable 表可支配的，不错，在表示权力的时候 dominance, governmental

Desirable 表合适的，也是不错的！acceptable

Subsidize 表资助等意思的不错用词！红宝词：patron为词根的一系列词汇

Countless 表大量的！很不错的！numerous

Incentive 表诱因等（不要老用motivation了）impulse

park a boon for （在某时候与stimulate 差不多，又有导火索的意思！）provoke

Lift 也是有improve的意思，记得使用！

Heighten 有提高增强的意思，替换increasing吧！height有顶点的意思，the height of anger,小词很多用法的

other-oriented, less self-centered, more giving-ourselves 描绘品德的不错用词哦！那我给你几个不好的品德吧：selfishness, avarice, dishonesty, lechery

Disservice 作为damage harm 的名词替换！

Address 有处理的意思，记着用啊！话说这个词的这种用法我也是昨天才发现...

saavedroUID: 2423190

1# justdoit!


第一次或者起初练习当然是没有明显效果的了。 这个和听力一样，一定要坚持练习1个月才会有效果的。 错的地方一定要背下来。 特殊的名词或者特别偏僻的学科词汇就不用背了。 因为用的可能性不大。 你需要认真掌握的就是四六级那6000范围内的词汇。这些才是你日后写作的高频词汇。


另外我说的方法里还有每天要用汉译英练习IBT写作小伴侣，楼主照做了吗？ 那个是单项提升写作主动词汇能力的。

saavedroUID: 2423190

11# justdoit!


要记住每次错的都要背下来，每天都要看，过的遍数多了熟悉了，下次能用出来的几率和潜力就会大很多。

saavedroUID: 2423190

还是那句话，贵在坚持。 按部就班来，一个月后你看看有没有效果？ 效果会很惊人。

justdoit!UID: 2533175

恩，谢谢saavedro指点！

justdoit!UID: 2533175

传一下总结，方便大家分享！

justdoit!UID: 2533175

In general, I agree with the speaker's assertion that intense media scrutiny nearly always contributes (serves) to diminish
the reputation of the social potential
(would-be) heroes, for the reason (北美句式：that it seems to be the nature of the media to look for ways to demean public figures—whether heroic or not) that the public, whether heroes or not, will be demeaned by the media out of its natural. Moreover, although our heroes explain
(vindicate) themselves and maintain (restore) their reputation in the isolated case, in my observation, these cases are exceptional ones to the general rules( that slandered, the reputation of any public figure, heroes or otherwise, is forever tarnished) , the reputation once slandered of the public, heroes or otherwise, cannot be restored forever.

The chief reason why I generally agree with the speakers has to do with（the forces that motivate the media in the first place） the motivations of the media which consist of profit-seeking entities, whose ultimate subjective is to maximize profits for the shareholders or other owners. Moreover, our corporate culture has
(sanctioned) accepted the subjective by codifying (it as a fiduciary obligation) it as a truth. For better or worse, our social viewers, readers, listeners find information about the defect and other negative characters, especially for our public figures, (far more compelling ) than their virtues and achievements(accomplishment). In short, our people prefer (love a good) scandal (北美句式： one need no further than the newsstand, local television news broadcast, or talk show to find ample evidence that this is the case) which can be proven by myriad of audiences on the newspapers, the local television news, and the talk show programs. Thereby,（北美句式： in order to maximize their profits the media are providing what the public demand media scrutiny of the public figures that severe to the reputations.）

The second reason why I fundamentally agree with the assertion is that （again for better or worse, the intense media raises a presumption）

the supposition(presumption) that provided by the media scrutiny, for better or worse, their heroes may (be guilty of some sort of character flaw or misdeed)have some flaws in their characters or misdeed in the public's mind.
The presumption can be understandable. After all, I think any （北美句式：demographic study can show the point that the vast majority of people relying on mainstream media for their information lack the sort of critical-thinking skills and objectivity to see beyond what the media feeds them, ）and to realize（render） the fully informed judgment about a public figure no matter heroes or not.

The third reason for my argument has to do with （the long-term fallout from intense media scrutiny and the presumption discussed above）the long-term influence and the aforementioned presumptions. (北美句式:Once tarnished as a result of intense media scrutiny, a person's reputation is forever besmirched, regardless of the merits or motives of the scrutinizers.) Those who disagree with this statement may cite the cases in which the tarnished ones ultimately get vindicated. For instance, some public figures have successfully challenged（rag sheets） the passage in which tarnish the celebrities, such as the National Enquirer in courts, winning large amounts of damage rewards for libel. However, in my observation, these cases are all exceptions, besides the damage rewards (is no indication that the public has expunged from its collective memory a perception that the fallen hero is guilty of the alleged character flaw or peccadillo) cannot also eradicate the minds of the public that involves the flaws in characters and misdeeds of the celebrities.

In sum, this statement is basically correct. As long as the media are incited by the maximizing profits and vast majority of public needs various stories to tarnish and slander celebrities, the media will （continue to harm whichever unfortunate individuals become their cynosures）still put the poor ones under attack. And in this society in which the heroes being tarnished and slandered is desirable, the opportunity for vindication is little consolation.（北美句式：the opportunity for vindication is little consolation in a society that seems to thrive, and even feed, on watching heroes being knocked off their pedestals.）
小词巧用：

Diminish （表减小的，带有负面的感觉）
Demean， tarnish， slander，这三个词在很大程度上都是可以互用的！注意语境使用！
Vindicate （表澄清的意思，不要再用explain 了！）
Would-be （表潜在的意思，和potential， implicit 区别！）
Profit-seeking (表谋利的， 很好的一个合成形容词！)
Sanction （表认可，动词比accept好多了！）
Codify
（把什么当做什么，一个很好的动词）
For better or worse（不分好坏的意思，很不错的！）
Ample （表丰富的意思，特别地，用在example或evidence，proof上）
Presumption （表假设，如supposition hypothesis）
Be guilty of (表有错，有罪，很不错的短语啊，记得！)
Misdeed ,peccadillo（表错事,过失等，记！）
Demographic 人口统计学，好学术的形容词啊，不错不错！
Vast majority of （ 很不错的表多数的词组！）
Mainstream （表主流， 不要老用那个popular了！）
Critical-thinking skill ( 很不错的热点名词！)
Render （表处于某种状态！）
Fallout （可以表辐射，进一步表影响的意思！）
regardless of （不管，无论如何，不要老是用那个什么no matter 什么的！）
Rag sheet （特别注意其隐含的意思，特指负面性的文章吧）
Damage rewards （赔偿金，不错，记得哦）
Expunge from （忘却，不错的动词短语）
Perception （感知，看法， 观念）
As long as (注意其中体现出来的逻辑关系啊， 不能只会用那个as long as we know 啊！)
Cynosure （表达攻击目标， 不错的名词）
Pedestal
（表示基础，或底座等时的不错名词！）
Consolation （表安慰的意思！）

saavedroUID: 2423190

26# justdoit!


呵呵 真不错。。。 楼主这是第几篇了？？？ 比我当初练习的时候可厉害多了，我当初的时候绝对是满江红的。    我自己当初不光词汇更不上，句式也差得很远。  建议：练习到30篇的时候就要停下来，把以前练习过的反复练习。

saavedroUID: 2423190

这种东西不再量多而在于精。

justdoit!UID: 2533175

恩，还没到十篇，呵呵，我下来一定多多总结！

justdoit!UID: 2533175

Whether the technology lifts (enhances) or abate (diminishes) the quality of our daily life, in large extent, depends on the type of the technology (one is considering) considered by our humans. As long as we know, the mechanical automation may have diminished our quality of life, on balance, digital automation is (doing more to) serving to improve our quality of life than to undermine it.

First consider mechanical automation, especially (particularly) in assembly-line manufacturing. With the emergence of the automation, (with automation came a loss of pride in and alienation from one’s work ) people have not taken their work for pride along with rendering the workers in a circumstance in which workers are alienated from their works. In this sense, the automation not only undermines our quality of life, but also leaves (renders) us limited (slaves) to the machines, due to our inability to reverse "progress". Admittedly, mechanical automation actually promotes the establishment of (spawned) our entire industries, create countless jobs, stimulate the growth of our economic, and (supplying a plethora of ) bring myriad of innovative conveniences. However, the expenditure of this development has outweighed its benefits on the environmental and social issues.

Next consider digital technology, admittedly, this new form of technology (has brought its own brand of alienation) provides its own alienation in its domain, and diminishes (adversely affected) our quality of life in other respects. For example, computer automation, particularly the invention of the Internet, (breeds information overload) which can directly contributes to the overloaded information and account for (steal) most of our disposable time and attention. As a result we are more alienated from our family, community, and coworkers. In these aspects, the digital incline to undermine our quality of life and create (its own legion of) large amount of human slaves.

On the other hand, by allocating (relegating) the computer repeating (repetitive) missions, the digital technology achieves lots of accomplishments (spawned great advances) in medicine and physics, and help us (to better) understand the world, enhance our health, and heighten(prolong) our life expectancy. Moreover, the digital technology also emancipates our architects, artists, designers, and musician via expanding the inspiration and saving time. After all, (Perhaps most important, however) it is most important factors that the digital make possible universal access to information, thereby providing a democratizing influence on our culture.

In sum, while the mechanical automation may have created a handful of slaves to modern convenience and unfulfilling work, the digital automation is more likely to improve our quality of life without enslaving us to the technology.



小词巧用：
Diminish 减小（decrease，debate，reduce，compress，dwindle，lessen，derogate，detract，curtail，subtraction。。。）PS：666你来继续吧，呵呵。
Assembly-line 表示生产流水线，记得用在说那个什么mechanics 的merit吧
Alienation 表疏远（ 相类似的词有： detach，remove，separate，loneliness，isolation，solitude，sever，rend，segregate，disunite，scatter。。。）PS：666还有没。。。
Render，一定要会用这个词汇，把某事物置于什么样的状态！！GRE最最常用的词汇之一！
Spawn 表达大量生产的意思，这个词用起来很是气魄的（生产，产生：generate，beget，engender，breed。。。特别地breed这个词汇很好！值得注意和使用啊！）
Steal 表占用或花费时间是很形象的比如：steal the time = account for time
Legion of 表大量的！（myriad of。。。记得换着用!）
Repetitive 表重复的，不要老用什么repeating了
Prolong 表延长（多用于：prolong the life expectancy）
Emancipate 表解放， 是一个不错的动词！
Universe 可以表示高度普及的！！
Democratizing 民主化的，很不错哦！
Slave to sth
(很好限制表达！)