本帖最后由 xiguan_33 于 2009-11-12 19:07 编辑
【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲(4)start to write笔记
Planning (Invention): when you start to write
You can try the textbook formula:
I. State your thesis.
II. Write an outline.
III. Write the first draft.
IV. Revise and polish.
. . . but that often doesn't work!
Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies:
Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject.
There are many "correct" things to write about for any subject, but you need to narrow down your choices. For example, your topic might be "dorm food." At this point, you and your potential reader are asking the same question, "So what?" Why should you write about this, and why should anyone read it?
Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there?
Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking?
Do you want to compare Purdue's dorm food to that served at Indiana University?
Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.
How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?【我写作过程中虽然没忽略这一点 但总是没有足够重视把握好行文的主线 以致写的东西东一句西一句 想表达的意思没有那么有效地表达出来】
Start the ideas flowing
Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind.
Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view). What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class.
See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)?
Take a rest and let it all percolate.
Nutshell your whole idea.
Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.
Diagram your major points somehow.
Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places.【我觉得这点比较有用 写出来 并通过一定形式表现出他们之间的关系之后再去找相关材料才有针对性也不容易在找材料的过程中因为迁就材料而改变了最初想表达的意思。另外 列出所有这些以后也方便自己做一个宏观的取舍。我当初有一阵写作文的时候就是写的过程想起什么觉得好像能用上就写上了,结果写完发现有些并不是那么合适的】
Write a first draft.
Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information.
You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies.
You may find that one works better than another. You may find yourself trying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doing something right!
【看的过程中就觉得这个太耽误时间了啊 各种写草稿类的东西 然后再写文章。后来反应过来这个过程其实不是应试的时候用的,目前联系阶段是这样的,毕竟GRE作文的题库我们是知道的,前期准备好就是了。】 |