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发表于 2009-5-7 22:01:24 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

觉得这部分是最精华的，所以只帖了这部分上来。剩余部分内容，可以在附件里面看到。（附件请自行download)

Summary of General Strategies for Reading Comprehension

Read the whole text of the passage once.

Make brief notes about the text on your scrap paper.

Remember that the tone or attitude of the passage is usually respectful and

moderate, never going to extremes of praise nor criticism.

Look out for structural words that tell you the important ideas or transitions

in a passage.

Go back to the text of the passage for the answers to specific questions.

GRE - Reading Comprehension Tutorial - Print version

Reading Comprehension Tutorial
by Stephen Bolton, 23rd October, 1999

Reading Comprehension problems make up one part of the Verbal section of the GRE
exam. They consist of short passages (maximum 350 words) that are given on the
left-hand half of the computer screen. Depending on the test you are given by
the GRE CAT, you will receive between 2 to 3 passages. Not all of the Reading
Comprehension passages fit on the computer screen, so you will probably have to
scroll up and down to read the whole text. The questions for a passage usually
come in groups of 3 to 5 at a time. All of the passages are based in one of two
areas:
humanities and the social sciences, or science and nature. No expertise
or prior knowledge is expected of you for any of the passages.

General Strategies for Reading Comprehension
  Try to read the whole text of the passage once, if possible. Many people think

you should just skim the passage or read the first lines of every paragraph,

and not to read the passage. We believe this is an error: if you misunderstand

the main idea of the passage, you will certainly get at least some of the

questions wrong. Give the passage one good read, taking no more than 3minutes or less.

Make brief notes on the text on your scrap paper. As we will see below in

greater detail, you should write down a couple of words on A) the Main Idea or

Primary Purpose, B) Organization/Structure of the passage, and C) the Tone or

Attitude of the author (if applicable). You just need a few words for each of

these areas, and altogether it should not take longer than 30 seconds to write

down.

Remember that the tone or attitude of the passage is usually respectful and

moderate, never going to extremes of praise nor criticism. ETS obtains its

Reading Comprehension passages from real articles about real academics and

professionals. So the tone of the articles, even when there is criticism in

the passage toward an academic or her work, is always balanced and moderate.

In the same vein, articles that deal with minorities or ethnic groups are

almost always positive and sympathetic.

  Go back to the text of the passage for the answers. Many test-takers fail to

return to the text of the passage to look for the correct answers. They rely

solely on their memories and understanding of the passage after having read or

skimmed it. Wrong. ETS is counting on that. Go back to the text to look for

information to answer the questions. Nine times out of ten, the answer lies

within the passage.

Specific Problems and Strategies in Reading Comprehension
Of the 6 most important types of questions for Reading Comprehension, we will
first look at Main Idea/Primary Purpose Questions, and the strategies we can use
to answer them.
Main Idea/Primary Purpose Questions
Many people believe there is no difference between the main or central idea of
the passage and the primary purpose of the author of the passage. This is simply
not true. Let's take a look at the subtle but important difference between them:

Main Idea

The question might look something like this:

"Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?"

"Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage?"

"Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?"

"The main topic of the passage is...."

Primary Purpose

The question might look like this:

"The primary purpose of this passage is to..."

"The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to..."

"The primary focus of this passage is on which of the following?"

"The main concern of the passage is to..."

"In the passage, the author is primarily interested in...."

"The passage is chiefly concerned with..."
Strategy:
Main Idea: Look in the first and last paragraphs for the main idea. Any
conclusion words like therefore, thus, so, hence, etc. that you see are most
likely introducing the main idea. The correct answer will say the same thing as
it says in the text, but using different words. The Main Idea is not always
stated explicitly in the passage ?in fact, more likely than not, it is not
stated explicitly. Therefore, in order to answer this type of question when it
is more implicit:

  Re-read the first line of every passage, and the last line of the first and

last paragraphs. This should give you the general structure or outline of the

argument, with which you can answer the Main Idea question.

After determining the general structure or content of the argument, eliminate

answer choices that are too broad or too specific, i.e. answer choices that go

beyond the content of the passage, or that deal with content only discussed in

one paragraph of the passage.

Make brief notes ?a couple of words- regarding the Main Idea on the text on

your scrap paper while you read.

Primary Purpose: What is the author trying to do? What is his intention? If he
is evaluating a theory, then the answer could be something like "Discuss an
interpretation". Note that the correct answer would deal with "an
interpretation", because the author is only dealing with one theory. If the
Primary Purpose is to criticize 2 new books, then his intention or his primary
purpose might be to "Critique new studies". Again, as in Main Idea questions,
re-read the first line of every passage, and the last line of the first and last
paragraphs. This should give you the general structure or outline of the
argument, with which you can answer the Primary Purpose question.
Note: A good main idea or primary purpose does not go beyond the scope of the
passage, nor does it limit itself to discussing only one part of the passage.

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