自己整理的ISSUE题目及翻译

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感觉论坛上虽然有很多这种贴，但都有些小漏洞，我下载了很多版本的，结合小宝老师的翻译，综合了这么个版本，希望对新手们有点用：）
感觉用中文版在最初的对题目的熟悉以及分类上还是满好用的~

所有ISSUE题目及翻译

1
"We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."
1． 我们通常从和我们意见统一的人那里学到的东西比从和我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多的多；意见分歧阻碍了学习。
2 “Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."
2． 竞争对社会的好处大于坏处。
3 “It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."
3． 我们应该把更多的钱用在当前的问题上，而不是用在可能有助于我们后代的长期的研究项目上。
4 “No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
4．几乎没有任何领域能够取得具有重要意义的进步,除非结合其他行业的知识和经验到该领域中来。
5 “A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."
5． 一个国家应该要求所有的学生在上大学前都学习相同的课程，而不应该允许不同地区的学校擅自决定自己的教学领域。
6 “The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth."
6．了解当代文化最有效的途径就是去分析其年青人的潮流。
7
"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."
7． 数码相机可以精确地拍摄当代人们的生活，它的重要性已经超过了纸笔记录。
8 “It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."
8． 政治领导们在公众面前有所保留是必要的，甚至是必须的。
9 “Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."
9． 近年来学术领域更加专业化，以至于学者门的研究只作用于很小范围内的人群。除非学者们的研究能适合大范围的人群，他们的想法才有用。
10
"Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."
10． 政府必须保证主要城市用于发展的财政支持，因为国家的文化传统发源于并保留在这些主要城市。
11
"All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems."
11． 所有的国家都应该帮助建立起一个全球性的大学，用来培养学生们解决世界上最顽
固头疼的社会问题。
12
"People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic."
12． 人们的态度更多情况下取决于当时的处境和环境，并非人们的性格特点。
13
"Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."
13． 许多世界上鲜为人知的语言由于越来越少的人使用而逐渐消失。使用这些语言的国家应该采取措施防止这些语言绝迹。
14
"It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature."
14． 每个人都有必要去阅读诗、小说、神话和其他的幻想类的文学作品。
15
"The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."
15． 社会的安定取决于它对人们极端行为的响应和措施。
16
"Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."
16． 尽管很多人认为现在奢侈安逸的生活是无害的，但实际上这样的生活阻止了人们培养坚强独立的性格。
17
"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
17． 有两种法律：公平的和不公平的。社会中的每个人都应该遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，应该不遵守或者违抗不公平的法律。
18
"Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea."
18．只有通过排除异议和对照其他的观点来捍卫一个理念，人们才能真正的发现该理念的价值所在。
19
"If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens."
19．一个社会要繁荣，其整体的发展应优先于个人的利益。
20
"National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults."
20．任何一个国家的政府都应该为孩子而不是为成人建设更多的社会项目和服务。

21
"Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."
21． 在乎自己声望和社会地位的人很少能带来改革。而那些真正想要改善一个政府、一个教育系统或者其他机构的人却必须要接受世界上其他人的蔑视。
22
"Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."
22． 很多人认为一些个人和小的群体（例如家庭、朋友、老师、名人）影响了他们的思维和做法。其实是这个社会作为一个整体影响着人们的态度，而并非一些个人。
23
"Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives."
23． 当前的科学技术提供的信息总是由很多小的信息片段组成。这导致了人们总是专注
于零碎的信息，而很少注意到大的问题和整体的框架结构。
24
"People in positions of power are most effective when they exercise caution and restraint in the use of that power."
24． 当权者小心谨慎并且有限度的使用他们权力的时候他们的工作才最有效。
25
"Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction -- in other words, to make things as simple as possible."
25． 每个人都能把事情搞大搞复杂。而真正需要努力的却是相反的—-------即要把事
情越简单化越好。
26
"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
26． 大多数人都同意一个社会的建筑物代表了它有价值的历史记录，但是当现代规划者们觉得这些以前的建筑物所占据的土地可以被更有价值的使用于新目的时，就产生了争议，现代发展应该比保留历史建筑物更受重视以便于满足眼下的要求。
27
"No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking."
27． 这个世界上没有人能够靠墨守成规而获得成功。
28
"Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
28． 学生们只有在学习了事实的来龙去脉后才有必要记住这些事实。只学习事实本身的学生是学不到多少东西的。
29
"Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy."
29． 公众人物，例如演员、政治家和运动员应该预料到人们对他们私生活的关注。当他们希望受人瞩目的时候就应该至少预期到会失去一些隐私。
30
"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."
30． 技术进步的最主要的目标就是提高人们的效率，使得每个人都有更多的闲暇时间。
31
"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."
31． 花费在研究上的金钱总是很好的投资，即使研究结果是有争论的。
32
"A school or college should pay its teachers at the same rate in all disciplines, regardless of differences in salaries for related fields in the world outside of school. For example, entry-level teachers in mathematics and in the arts should receive the same pay, even if outside of school, math specialists earn a much higher salary on average than do specialists in the arts."
32． 学校或者大学应该付给所有学科老师相同的工资，不管在校外不同领域之间薪水的差异有多大。例如，入门级的数学老师和艺术老师应该拿到相同的薪水，即使在校外，数学专家比艺术专家的平均薪水高出很多。
33
"Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image."
33．在当今社会，塑造一个讨人喜爱的形象要比这种形象背后的本质和内涵更为重要。
34
"Instead of requiring students to take courses in a variety of disciplines -- that is, courses ranging from the arts and the humanities to the physical and biological sciences -- colleges and universities should allow students to enroll only in those courses that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. Such concentration is necessary in today's increasingly work-oriented society."
34． 学校与其让学生们学习种类繁多的课程------艺术、人类学到物理、生物科学，还不如只让学生们学习针对以后工作而开设的有针对性的课程。这样的集中方式顺应了目前工作为主的社会。
35
"No matter what the situation, it is more harmful to compromise one's beliefs than to adhere to them."
35． 不管在什么样的情况下，坚持自己的信念总是比妥协好。
36
"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
36． 个人是否伟大不应该由他的同代人，而应由后代人来做评价。
37
"In most societies, competition generally has more of a negative than a positive effect."
37． 在大多数社会，通常情况下竞争总是起到消极的作用，而不是积极的作用。
38
"In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books."
38． 在电视机时代，阅读书籍已经没有原来那样重要了。人们从电视上学到的东西丝毫不比从书本中学来的少。
39
"The intellectual benefits of attending a university or college are vastly overrated: most people could learn more by studying and reading on their own for four years than by pursuing a university or college degree."
39．大学学习的好处被高估了：大多数人如果通过研究和阅读的方式自学四年的话，会比追求一个大学学位学到的更多。
40
"Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."
40．我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会做出贡献。而应该是看他们怎样为了自己的兴趣而奋斗，不管他们的兴趣看起来是多么不寻常或者多么特殊。
41
"Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."
41． 一些非主流的领域，如占星、算命以及偏执在社会中扮演着非常重要的角色，它们满足了人们的那些主流科学满足不了的需要。
42
"Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups."
42． 因为学习不是个人行为，而是需要人们的合作，所以频繁地以团队形式学习对于任何年龄的学生都会有好处。
43
"To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."
43． 要想做一个有效的领导者，官员应该坚持最高的伦理道德标准。
44
"Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear."
44． 政府不应该资助那些，从医学或伦理学的角度，结果不确定的科研项目。
45
"Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve."
45． 政府官员应该有自己的判断力，而不应该被群众的愿望所左右。
46
"While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."
46． 尽管一些政府、体育、工业或其他领域的领导把他们的成功归功于良好的竞争意识，但是社会培养年轻人领导才能的更好方法是向他们灌输合作意识。
47
"Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect -- that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills."
47． 社会没有重视智力培养，即推理技能和其他认知技能应有的重视。
48
"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
48． 对历史的研究把太多的重点放在对某些个人上。而历史上一些重大的事件和发展趋势不是由个别名人决定的，而可能是由那些已经被人们遗忘的众人制造的。
49
"Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairy tales, and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus reality rather than report on it literally, their creations have a more lasting significance."
49． 比起事实的记录，想象的作品诸如小说、戏剧、电影、童话、传说等更为精确而有意义地描绘了人类的经历。由于这些作品的作者关注和重塑事实，而非真实报道事实，因此这些作品更有持久的意义。
50
"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."
50． 为了提高大学的教学质量，所有的教职员工应该去校外参加一些和他们教的课程相关的工作。
51
"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."
51． 只有满足每个学生的需要的兴趣，教育才能真正有效果。
52
"Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony."
52． 由于教育鼓励学生们质疑和批评，因此无利于社会的和谐。
53
"College and university education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government."
53． 大学教育应该对所有学生免费，全部由政府来承担。
54
"History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today."
54． 历史只不过告诉我们这样一个道理：理解过去并不能帮助人们对目前的事情做出重大决定。
55
"Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education."
55． 学生对高分的竞争严重地限制了在各个教育水平上的学习质量。
56
"Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future."
56．政府应该更多地关注当今现实问题的解决，而不是试图解决将来可能会发生地问题。
57
"The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience."
57．从书本所获得的知识要比来自直接经验的知识丰富而广阔得多。
58
"The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves."
58． 今天不断变快的生活节奏所带来的问题比它解决的问题更多。
59
"Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them."
59． 人们过于重视榜样。人们应该学会独立地思考与行动，从而做出对自己最有利的选择。
60
"The media -- and society in general -- mistakenly expect an individual to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group."
60．媒体乃至整个社会都错误地期望某个个人会代表某个群体讲话，而不管这个人是否真的能代表该群体的观点。

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61
"High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition."

61．最高荣誉比如诺贝尔奖实际上是在损害社会，因为这种奖项在暗示只有少数人才配得上这样的荣誉。
62
"The widespread idea that people should make self-improvement a primary goal in their lives is problematic because it assumes that people are intrinsically deficient."
62. 认为人们应该把自我进步当做是人生头等大事的流行观点是有问题的，因为这样的观点在假设人们是天生就有缺陷的。
63
"To truly understand your own culture -- no matter how you define it -- requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."
63. 为了真正地了解你自己的文化，不管你怎样定义它，你需要了解至少一种其他的文化，并且这种文化和你的文化完全不同。
64
"Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it."
64． 很多人知道怎样获得成功，但很少有人知道怎样很好地利用成功。
65
"People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups."
65．人们被社会鼓励而将注意力集中于显而易见的差异上，以至于人们已经无法看到各种理念、个人和群体之间的有意义的相似。
66
"As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate."
66． 人们越来越依赖于技术去解决问题，而人类自身思考的能力却被削弱。
67
"Colleges should require students to engage in public-service activities in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, well-rounded education."
67． 大学应该要求学生们参加公益活动，这样就能保证学生们得到平衡全面的教育。
68
"People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust no matter how valuable their contributions might be."
68． 不管专家们的贡献有多大，人们总是错误地怀疑他们，不信任他们。
69
"Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development"
69． 政府应该对科学研究和发展给予尽可能少的限制。
70
"In any profession -- business, politics, education, government -- those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."
70． 在任何领域，商业、政治、教育、政府，掌权都者应该在5年任期后下台。对任何事业而言，取得成功最保险的途径就是聘用新生力量担当领导。
71
"Spending time alone makes one a better companion to others."
71． 适当的独处有利于营造更为良好的相处关系。
72
"One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities."
72． 一个人要想真正了解一个社会的最重要特征，只用研究一下它的主要城市即可。
73
"In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge."
73． 在大多数学术和专业领域，想象力比知识本身更重要。
74
"The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language."
74． 如果想要和一大群人交流思想，最有效的方法是利用影像，而非语言。
75
"The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others."
75． 为社会做出很大贡献的人往往不是发展出自己新思想的人，而是具有感知和协调他人的才能和技巧的人。
76
"Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society."
76．真正深刻的思想家和充满创造力的艺术家总是超前于他们所在的时代和社会的。
77
"People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing self-centered, separate goals, people need to understand that satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole."
77． 如今，人们过于个人主义。人们需认识到满足感来自于为家庭、社区或社会创造更大的利益，而不是追求以个人为中心的、孤立的目标。
78
"Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict."
78． 学校应该教给学生所有人类之间本质的互通性，这样就能有助于避免战争、文化抵触和其他形式的冲突。
79
"Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public."
79． 重大的政策决定应该留给那些政治家和政府专家们，他们比老百姓更熟悉这些东西，因此能有更好的判断力和远见。
80
"All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science."
80． 所有的学生都应该被要求学习理科课程，尽管有些人对理科不感兴趣。
81
"Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress."
81． 对国家历史的带有爱国主义色彩的崇敬往往对国家发展起阻碍作用，而不是推动作用。
82
"Government should never censor the artistic works or historical displays that a museum wishes to exhibit."
82． 政府绝对不应该审查博物馆要展览的艺术品和历史陈列。
83
"Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people."
83． 政府应该保护那些将于范围内的荒野，保持他们的原始状态，尽管这些地区一般来说非常偏僻，很少有人能够到达。
84
"In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field."
84．在任何一个研究领域，如果不首先接受该领域中过去成就的影响就不可能会有意义重大的成功。
85
"Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts."
85． 政府对艺术的资助威胁着艺术的完整性。
86
"Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition."
86． 应该鼓励年轻人去追求长远、现实的目标，而不要让他们贪图眼前的声望和名誉。
87
"In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
87． 在任何研究领域，新手比专家更可能有重大发现。
88
"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
88． 科学技术不但影响而且决定了社会风俗和道德规范。
89
"Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them."
89．使命造就领导者。
90
"College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than seek programs that promise entry into the job market."
90． 应该鼓励大学学生学习他们感兴趣的课程，而不是学习好找工作的课程。
91
"Most people think that their deeply held values are the result of rational choice, but reason often has little to do with the way people form values."
91． 大多数人认为他们所深信不疑的价值观是理性选择的结果，但是理智往往对于人们形成价值观几乎根本不起作用。
92
"In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information."
92． 在所有专业学术领域，认识到我们认知的局限和获取新的论据与信息同等重要。
93
"The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."
93．个人责任的概念是一种很必要的虚构。尽管社会必须让个人对他们自己的行为负责，但人们的行为很大程度上是被迫的而非出自自己的决定。
94
"Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated."
94． 大学应该要求学生学习本专业以外的课程，因为让学生们了解不同学科的知识才是获得真正教育的最好途径。
95
"People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does."
95． 人们以团队的形式要比单个人工作更有成效。团队要合作，而合作比个人竞争更能激励人们。
96
"Although, critics who write about the arts tend to deny the existence of any objective standards for evaluating works of art, they have a responsibility to establish standards by which works of art can be judged."
96． 尽管那些评价艺术作品的批评家企图否定在评价艺术作品时任何客观标准的存在，他们还是有责任建立一套艺术作品的评判标准。
97
"It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people's lives."
97． 尽管很不幸，但这是一个事实，政治决策和活动影响着人们生活的方方面面。

98
"Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past."
98． 大学应该在流行音乐、电影、广告和电视上开设更多的课程，因为现代文化比过去的艺术文化与学生关系更密切。
99
"In any realm of life -- whether academic, social, business, or political -- the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."
99． 在生活的各个领域，不管是学术、社交、商业或政治，要想成功，只能靠实际而并非理想化的观点。注重成效的行为确保了生存，而理想化的观点倾向于被更简单、更直接的观点取代。
100
"The pressure to achieve high grades in school seriously limits the quality of learning. An educational environment without grades would promote more genuine intellectual development."
100． 高分压力严重限制了学习的质量。没有分数限制的教育环境更有利于真正的智力发展。
101
"Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can flourish and be available to all people."
101． 政府应该为艺术家提供资助以便艺术能够繁荣发展并且使所有人都能够享受艺术。
102
"For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past."
102．不论好坏，教育是一个修正人们过去所持有的理念、信仰和价值观的过程。
103
"The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
103． 研究历史的价值只有在在这种研究和我们的日常生活相关时才能体现出来。
104
"It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears."
104． 一种文化要想保留它认为好的思想，消除它认为不好的思想，主要是通过正规的教育。
105
"The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from it's own citizens."
105．政府愿意接受来自其公民的质疑，是一个国家真正强大的最好证明。
106
"All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects."
  
106． 学生们应该被要求至少学习一种道德规范课程，即使这样会影响学术课程的学习。
107
"Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well -reasoned points of view."
107． 实时通信系统促使人们匆忙决定并快速做出回应，而不是花时间得出一个仔细思考过、合情合理的观点。
108
"In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings -- trials, debates, meetings, etc -- that are televised, the more society will benefit."
108． 在很多国家，从电视上看到政府人员办公的场景已成为可能。观看这样的场景有助于人们理解影响他们生活的决议。政府办公如审判、辩论、会议等转播得越多，对社会越有益。
109
"The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves."
109． 很多广告的目的是要让消费者因为拥有产品后“像”广告中的人物而购买某种产品，这样的广告是有效的，因为这样不仅销售了产品，更让人们自我感觉良好。
110
"When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
110． 当我们研究历史时，我们成了讲故事的人。因为我们无从直接知道过去发生的事情，必须通过一些证据来构建，所以历史研究是一个有创造成分的领域，而并非一个客观的学科。所有的历史学家都是讲故事的人。
111
"The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements is seriously diminishing the differences among cultures."
111． 全球性的电视节目和广告极大地减少了各个种文化之间的差异。
112
"Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."
112． 一些教育机构强调培养学生的推理和逻辑思考能力，但是如果也教会学生认知自我的情感，学生们将受益更多。
113
"It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves."
113．定位自己，主要是通过定位自己所处的社会团体。
114
"Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity."
114． 人道主义在上个世纪并没有真正地发展。科技发展了，但是人道主义的整体面貌并没有得到改善。战争、暴力、贫困一直困扰着我们。科技不能改变人道主义状况。
115
"It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated."
115． 通过逻辑思维和精确的测量才能获知我们的进步。没有这些工具，我们就没有参考点来知道我们进步了多少，退步了多少。
116
"With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society -- including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences -- will benefit greatly from international influences."
116． 随着经济和通讯等领域的全球化，毫无疑问，社会的方方面面，包括教育、政治、艺术和科学，都将从这种国际化影响中获益。
117
"The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience."
117． 从书本中能学到的知识要比从直接实践中学到的更丰富、更广博。
118
"In any field of endeavor -- the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc. -- it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal."
118． 在任何领域，如科学、人文、社会科学、工业等，我们最大的收获在于达到目标的道路上的偶然发现，而不是目标本身。
119
"When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"
119． 为科学、教育或其他任何领域设定研究优先级时，最需要考虑的问题是：如果研究成功，多少人将从中受益？
120
"So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
120．现代生活是崭新、复杂的，认知过去对现在没有指导价值。

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121
"At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."
121． 在过去不同的时期，很多物种的灭绝都是自然因素造成，而并非人类行为。所以，现在我们花费很大的人力物力去拯救濒临灭绝的物种是没有多少价值的。
122
"We owe almost all our knowledge not to people who have agreed, but to people who have disagreed."
122． 我们把我们的知识归功于和我们意见不同的人，而并非和我们意见一致的人。
123
"It is possible to identify a person's politics within a very short time of meeting him or her. Everything about people -- their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat -- reflects their political beliefs."

123． 和一个人相处很短的时间就很可能知道他的政治立场。所有与他们相关的，衣服、朋友、走路的姿势、所吃的食物都反映出他们的政治信仰。
124
"Instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation-all of these recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though, instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic than ever before."
124． 快餐、实时通讯、快递，所有的这些最新发明都是为了节省人们的时间。但具有讽刺意味的是，这些发明非但没有给人们带来更多的闲暇时间，反而让人们的生活节奏越来越快。
125
"The past is no predictor of the future."
125． 过去并不预示着将来。
126
"Society's external rewards are no measure of true success. True success can be measured only in relation to the goals one sets for oneself."
126．社会所给予的额外奖励不是真正成功的衡量标准。真正的成功只能通过自己所设立的目标来衡量。
127
"Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions."
127． 事实是不容改变的。它不会由于我们的希望、偏好或者个人的情感而改变。
128
"It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free."
128． 人们经常说教育的目的是释放人们的心灵。但实际上，正规的教育束缚了人们的心灵。
129
"Technology is a necessary but not always a positive force in modern life."
129． 科学技术对现代生活是必须的，但并非任何时候都能起到积极的作用。
130
"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."
130． 孩子们的成长决定着社会的命运。不幸的是，我们还不知道怎样抚养孩子才能使
他们对将来的社会有用。
131
"The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society."
131．艺术（绘画、音乐、文学等等）揭示了隐藏的其他方面的社会理念和动力。
132
"The university community consists of three different worlds -- the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences. Because each world operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking, rarely is there meaningful interaction among the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences."
132． 大学包含了三种不同的领域—自然科学、人文学科以及社会学科。因为每种领域都有自己的前提条件和特殊的思维习惯，所以三者之间少有有意义的互通。
133
"The problems of modern society have led many people to complain: 'We live in terrible times.' Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time."
133． 现代社会中的问题使很多人抱怨：“我们生活在一个可怕的时代。”但假设让他们选择的话，现在的人们仍然会选择现在而不是其他的时代。
134
"Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rhetorical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs."
134． 我们应该鼓励学生意识到思维的敏捷和口齿的伶俐必须和真诚与对自己信仰的坚持相伴随存在。
135
"While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use of technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to these problems."
135． 虽然我们面临的大多数环境问题都是因为技术的使用，但是社会必须依靠技术来寻求解决的办法。
136
"The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."
136． 没有选择的情况少之又少。
137
"What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for another."
137．我们所称之为进步的过程就是从一个问题变化到另一个问题。
138
"Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."
138． 只有通过犯错误才能取得发现和进步。 （失败是成功之母。）
139
"Every new generation needs to redefine 'right' and 'wrong' in its own terms and according to the conditions of its own time."
139．每一代人都要根据自己时代的情况和自己的说法来重新定义“对”与“错”。
140
"What society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent."
140．被社会自诩为是它最伟大的社会、政治和个人成就的东西结果往往带来最大的非议。
141
"Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity."
141． 虽然大多数人都承认个人的利益，但事实上个人的经济成功是需要合作的。
142
"The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority."
142． 当很多人都质疑权威的时候，社会才会繁荣昌盛。
143
"Artists should pay little attention to their critics.* Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artist's creativity."

*those who evaluate works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
143． 艺术家不必太在乎他们的批评者*，批判总是在破坏和压制艺术家的创造力。
*指那些评价艺术作品，例如小说、电影、音乐、绘画等的人。
144
"It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value."

*a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
144． 艺术家而不是评论家带给了社会一些具有持久价值的东西。
*批评家指经常评价艺术作品，例如小说、电影、音乐、绘画等的人。
145
"A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changing social conventions without sacrificing one's principles."
145． 对个性的最大考验在于一个人是否能适应不断变化的社会规范而不牺牲自己的原则。
146
"People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it."
146． 对一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。
147
"Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."
147． 传统和现代是不相容的。人们必须在二者之间做出选择。
148
"Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or trouble."
148．很多人向往理想主义，但是它实际上总是带来失望或者麻烦。
149
"The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects."
149．保护野生环境最实际和最有效的途径就是通过环保的（旅游）项目吸引更多的旅游者来这些地区（旅游）。
150
"Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete."
150．由于电视和全球范围内的计算机网络，人们现在可以熟悉很多以前从未涉足过的地方。其结果就是使得旅游变得过时了。
151
"High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail an d television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication."
151．高速电子通讯媒体，例如电子邮件和电视，在逐渐地抑制有意义的和有思想性的交流。152
"The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies."
152． 公司经营者们唯一的责任就是在法律规定范围之内为他们的公司赚尽可能多的钱。
153
"Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
153． 学生们应该带着怀疑的态度对待他们所学的任何东西。他们应该质疑老师教给他们的东西，而不是被动地接受。
154
"Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators."
154．父母和社会都必须参与到地方的学校中。教育太重要了以至于不能把教育完全交给一群职业教育者。
155
"Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading books is no longer very important."
155． 当代社会提供了如此之多的学习手段以至于读书已经变得不再那么重要了。
156
"Choice is an illusion. In reality, our lives are controlled by the society in which we live."
156． 选择只是一种假象。实际上，我们的生活是被我们身处其中的社会所控制的。
157
"There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."
157． 纯粹客观的观察使不存在的。所有的观察都是主观的；观察总是被观察者的预期或者喜好所左右。
158
The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are vitally important to students' education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects."
158． 艺术（音乐、舞蹈、视觉艺术等）对学生的教育至关重要，因此它们应该得到和数学、科学、阅读还有其他主干课程一样的重视。
159
"The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds."
159． 人类的智慧总是高于机器，因为机器只是人类智慧的工具。
160
"The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little."
160．对于一位强有力的领导者来说，最关键的能力就是要对一些原则和目标坚定不移。任
何领导如果很频繁的、很轻易的为大众意志而转移的话，他将会一事无成。
161
"In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
161． 在今天这个媒体铺天盖地的社会，人们已经很难把任何人当做英雄了。任何人只要沦为媒体的话题，那么他注定会名声扫地。
162
"One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed."
162． 人们经常听说个人需要为他们自己的生活负责任。然而，早在人们意识到所处环境之前，这种环境下的责任关系就已经建立了。因此，个人责任的概念要比通常人们想象的复杂和不切实际。
163
"Most people live, whether physically or morally, in a very restricted circle. They make use of a very limited portion of the resources available to them until they face a great problem or crisis."
163．大多数人在物质上和精神上都生活在一个非常有限的圈子里面。除非要面对严重的问
题或者危机，否则他们仅仅会利用有效资源的极有限的一小部分。
164
"Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes."
164． 有时候想象力是比经验更有价值的财富。缺少经验的人的得以自由地想象任何可能性，并且由此可以达成一个目标而不受既定习惯和态度的限制。
165
"In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority."
165．在任何领域当中，对于起领导作用的人，他们的动力不是去肯定他人的想法，而是喜
欢提出不同于大多数人的意见和想法。
166
"Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology has been to make people's lives more comfortable."
166． 在上个世纪，技术最有意义的贡献就是使人们生活得越来越舒适了。
167
"It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician."
167． 对于一个英明的政治领导者来说，总是讲真话是不可能的。彻底的诚实对于一个政治家来说是无用的美德。
168
"Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field."
168． 批判性判断在任何领域当中都是没什么用处的，除非批判者是来自于该领域中的专家。
169
"Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other."
169． 那些把政治和道德看成是两码事的人是既不懂政治也不懂道德的。
170
"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
170．一个伟大国家最真实的体现不是它的统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就，而是他所有老百姓的普通福利（幸福）。
171
"People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good."
171．能够造福社会的是那些纯粹出于个人原因而追求自己知识兴趣的人，而不是那些打算为大众谋福利的人。
172
"Important truths begin as outrageous, or at least uncomfortable, attacks upon the accepted wisdom of the time."
172． 重要的真理一开始都是令人难以容忍的，或者至少是令人不快的，而且都是在反对当时的权威思想。
173
"Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought be fore; it means putting old ideas together in new ways."
173．创新并不意味着一定要想一些人们从未想过的东西；它意味着用新方法来重组老观点。174
"Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."
174．法律不应该是僵化或固定的，而应该根据不同的环境、时期和地点灵活变动。
175
"It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual."
175．革新的动力往往来自于个人；革新的细节可能来自于团队，但是实质的革新都是个人努力和独特思维的结果。
176
"The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset . Therein lies the value of each."
176． 科学的目的是打消疑虑，艺术的目的是颠覆。这是它们的价值所在。
177
"The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes."
177．对于一门学科的研究会改变我们对世界的看法。在学习这门学科之后，我们看到的世界一如既往，但是我们本身的角度和眼光已然不同。
178
"It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds."
178． 控制、限制人们行为的法律很可能通过，但是立法不能改变人们的本性。法律也无法改变人们的感情和思想。
179
"What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but certainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open -- but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything."
179． 人类真正需要的不是知识，而是对事物的确定性。真正地获得知识是需要冒险的，并且要有开放的思想，但是大多数人寻求的只是一个安定，而不是去学习复杂的，甚至未解的真理。
180
"Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."
180． 现代社会的许多问题是法律和司法系统不能解决的，因为道德行为无法用立法来规范。

Grace13UID: 2628791

181
"The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things."
181． 研究者和学者们诠释他们研究领域的资料时，更多的是一种个人化的行为，而不是培训的结果。当个性不同的人看待完全相同的物体、事实、数据或者事件时，会给出不同的诠释，看到不同的东西。
182
"It is dangerous to trust only intelligence."
182． 只相信智力是危险的。
183
"As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious."
183． 随着我们获取的知识越来越多，事情不是变得更好理解，而是变得更复杂更神秘。
184
"It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."
184． 在没有数据之前就得出理论是重大错误。
185
"Scandals -- whether in politics, academia, or other areas -- can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."
185． 丑闻，不管是政治、学术还是其他领域，都可能是有用的。它们能使我们的注意力以一种演讲者和改革家都做不到得方式聚集于问题。
186
"Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world."
186． 实用性是我们最大的追求，所有的力量和聪明才智都应为其努力。任何没有明显实用性的东西在当今世界都是没有价值的。
187
"It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice."
187．人们很容易欢迎革新和接受新思想。但是，大多数人发现很难接受把新思想应用到实践中的方式。
188
"Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it."
188． 成功，不管是学术上的还是专业上的，都包括适应新环境并最终改变它的能力。
189
"If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present."
189． 如果人们忽略了过去的伟大成就，那就是因为这些成就不再能满足现在的需要。
190
"As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate -- and, perhaps, even cruel -- when one considers all the potential uses of such money."
190． 当人们挨饿、失业或者缺少维持生活最基本的技能时，运用公共资源去扶持艺术就不合适了，也许，考虑到这些金钱的所有可能用途时，就更不人道了。
191
"Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers."
191． 教育应该把这两件事看得同等重要--丰富学生的个人生活，把学生培养成训练有素的工作者。
192
"Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning."
192．生活中各个方面的成功更多是来自机遇或者冒险，而不是仔细和谨慎的规划。
193
"It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance."
193． 更具有持久影响的不是头版头条的政治事件，而是鲜有报道的社会变革。
194
"The best preparation for life or a career is not learning to be competitive, but learning to be cooperative."
194． 为生活和工作做的最好的准备，不是学会竞争，而是学会合作。
195
"The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."
195． 政治的目标不应是追求一个理想状态，而是寻找共同点和合情合理的共识。
196
"Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life."
196．科技产生的问题多于所解决的，可能威胁或降低人们的生活质量。
197
"The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries."
197． 一个国家的生活质量提高和社会的安定是和其他所有国家的生活质量提高和社会
安定密不可分的。
198
"Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreciation of individual differences."
198． 社会应该赞赏个性差异，而不是鼓励一致统一。

199
"Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone."
199． 真正创新的思想不是来自群体，而是来自个人。当一个群体试图创新时，群体之中的成员使彼此相互妥协，最终削弱集体的创造性，趋向遵循传统。大部分创造性思想来自于个人的独立工作。
200
"The most elusive knowledge is self-knowledge, and it is usually acquired through solitude, rather than through interaction with others."
200． 最难的莫过于认知自我，通常只能通过独处，而非与他人交往来了解自己。
201
"The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas -- not to prepare them for a specific job."
201． 教育的目的应是给学生提供一个价值观体系、一个标准以及一系列理念，而不是使他们为某一特定工作做好准备。
202
"Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise."
202． 和伟大的思想家、艺术家不同，最有效力的政治领导者必须经常向公众舆论让步，有时为了妥协要放弃原则。
203
"The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."
203．了解社会特征的最佳方式就是研究那个社会所选出的英雄人物的特征。
204
"We learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing at all."
204． 我们通过直接经验学习；没有通过实践而接受一个理论是根本学不到任何东西的。
205
"As societies all over the world have more and more access to new information, the effects on life-long learning can only be positive."
205． 全世界的人有越来越多的途径来获取新信息，这对终身学习只会有积极的推动作用。
206
"People are too quick to take action; instead they should stop to think of the possible consequences of what they might do."
206． 人们行动太快了；他们应该停下来想一想行动的可能后果。
207
"Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."
207． 典礼和仪式有助于确立一种文化，否则人们的社会或群体的角色归属感会削弱。
208
"The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people."
208． 人们的眼神、衣着和行动表现了他们的态度和兴趣。你可以通过观察人们的外表和行为来获知这个社会的思想和价值观。
209
"Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of view."
209． 在持不同意见的人们中展开讨论是取得进步的最佳方式。
210
"Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work."
210． 大多数人找工作是基于对钱很实际的考虑，费多大的劲找到工作，就希望拿多少薪水。很难得有人能从自己的潜质和兴趣出发去找一份特定的工作。
211
"Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an individual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions."
211． 一个决定，不管是政府、企业还是个人做出的，都应该更多地考虑到将来的条件而不是眼前的条件。
212
"If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable."
212． 只要一个目标是值得去实现的，那么为之所做的任何努力都是正当的。
213
"Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challenge the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others -- that is, the ability to achieve social harmony -- should be a major goal in every school."
213． 太多的重点放在教学生怎么挑战别人的主张上。实际上，培养妥协能力和与他人
共同工作的能力，也就是促成社会和谐的能力应该被作为每个学校的教育目标。
214
"Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped."
214． 社会应该找出那些具有特殊天才和特殊能力的孩子，并从小训练他们，这样他们最终就能超越他们的同龄人。否则他们的特殊潜能很可能就被浪费掉。
215
"The bombardment of visual images in contemporary society has the effect of making people less able to focus clearly and extensively on a single issue over a long period of time."
215． 当今社会大规模的视觉冲击使得人们无法长期对单个问题进行清晰而全面的关注。
216
"Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another."
216．大多数重大的发现和发明都是偶然的：通常是在寻求一个问题的答案时，发现另一个问题的答案。
217
"In order to produce successful original work, scholars and scientists must first study the successful work of others to learn what contributions remain to be made."
217． 为了能成功地取得首创性的成果，科学家和学者必须首先研究那些别人已经取得的成果，然后确定哪些成就是未做的但是需要做的。
218
"In order for any work of art -- whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song -- to have merit, it must be understandable to most people."
218． 艺术作品，不管是电影、文学还是歌曲要有价值，都必须能让大多数人们理解。
219
"Now that computer technology has made possible the rapid accessing of large amounts of factual information, people are less likely than ever to think deeply or originally. They feel unable to compete with -- much less contribute to -- the quantity of information that is now available electronically."
219． 现在计算机技术已经能使人们快速地访问大量的信息，因此人们不再像过去那样深入或者独创性地考虑问题了，他们感觉根本无法、也没有意义去和现在电子设备的信息量相比。
220
"The increase in knowledge is forcing people to specialize. As a result, the distance between fields of specialization has become so vast that specialists in different areas are rarely able to influence each other."
220． 知识的增长正在迫使人们越来越专业化。这样导致了不同领域之间的专业跨度越来越大，以至于不同领域的专家很少相互影响。
221
"The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."
221． 研究历史主要的好处就是消除了人们这样的错觉：一个时代的人们与历史上另一个时代的人有显著的不同。
222
"Learning for learning's sake is an outdated concept. Today, education must serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals."
222． 为了学习而学习是过时的。今天，教育必须服务于长远计划并以明确的目标为指导。
223
"Education is primarily a personal matter; it has little to do with school or college."
223． 教育是个人的事情，与学校或者大学基本没有关系。
224
"Censorship is rarely, if ever, justified."
224． 审查制度很少有合理的时候。
225
"People often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else."
225． 人们经常在不同的事物之间寻找相似性，哪怕这些事物差异很大，甚至当这样做没有好处甚至有害时也不例外。相反，我们应该避免把一个事物和其他事物进行比较，任何事物都应以它自己的方式予以考虑。
226
"People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience."
226． 人们错误地认为他们碰到的问题要比他们前人所面临的更复杂、更具挑战性。这个错觉最终会随着知识和经验的增长而消除。
227
"To remain vigorous, any academic field needs to be led by truly independent thinkers who are willing to ignore established boundaries and challenge long-standing assumptions."
227． 为了保持活力，任何学术领域都需要有真正独立的思想家来领导，这些思想家能忽视各个领域间的传统界限，敢于挑战根深蒂固的思想。
228
"The best way to teach -- whether as an educator, employer, or parent -- is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones."
228． 无论对于教育者、雇主还是父母来说，最好的教导方式都是表扬积极的行为，同时忽略消极的行为。
229
"The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segments or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a sense of the whole."
229．学习一门新学科或新技能的最好方法就是深入研究片断或细节，而不是一开始就想总体把握。
230
"College students -- and people in general -- prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear direction."
230． 大学生以及普通人都更喜欢听从别人的指导，而不是自己做决策。因此，大学应该尽可能减少学生的选择机会，而给予他们明确的指导。
231
" 'Moderation in all things' is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say, 'Moderation in most things,' since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus."
231． “对所有事情都要有节制”是未经深思熟虑的。相反，人们应该说“对大多数事情要有节制”，因为许多领域要求，或者至少是受益于高强度的投入。
232
"The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns."
232． 教育的目的应该是建立一个与世隔离的学术环境。这种环境是很理想的，因为这
样学生们就可以集中精力思考一些重要的理念而不受外界现实问题的干扰。
233
"Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning."
233． 尽管诸如录像机、计算机还有因特网等技术革新似乎给学校提供了更好的教学手段，这些技术经常会干扰学生真正的学习。
234.
“Most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of choice ,although they would probably deny such a preference.”
234. 大多数人更喜欢约束与规则而不是选择绝对的自由，虽然他们也许会否认这样的偏好。
235.”Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one’s friends, to one’s school of lace of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force.”
235.大多数人都被告知忠诚是一种美德。但是忠诚经常是一种有破坏性的而不是积极的力量，无论是对于朋友、学校、工作单位或者其他任何机构。
236.”Encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough is both misleading and potentially harmful.”
236.鼓励年轻人相信如果他们足够努力就能成就大事业实际上是在误导他们，甚至可能会害了他们。
237.”Computer and video technology can make facsimiles of original works such as paintings and historical documents available to everyone. The great advantage of this new technology is that it will enable anyone—not just scholars—to conduct in-depth research without having access to the original works.”

237.计算机与录像技术可以为绘画作品和历史文件等原作制造摹本。这种新技术的优点是能让每个人，而不仅仅是学者，无须拿到原作就能对其进行深入的研究。
238.”Conformity almost always leads to a deadening of individual creativity and energy.”
238.一致性经常会摧残个性创造和潜能发挥。
239.”Much of the information that people assume is ”factual” actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a “fact” should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future.”
239.许多人们假定是“事实”的信息最后都被发现是不准确的。因此，任何被认为是“事实”的信息都需要加以怀疑，因为它们在将来都很可能被证明是不正确的。
240.”Although it is easy to respond positively to the work of another person or group, it is fat more worthwhile to give negative feedback.”
240.对别人的工作给出肯定的回应是很容易，但是否定的反馈更有价值。
241.”An individual’s greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person’s greatness are people who belong to a later time.”
241.同时代的人无法客观评价一个人是否伟大；对个人是否伟大的最客观的评价者是后代。
242.”Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being.”
242.社会应该保护所以的濒危动植物物种，不管要花费多大的人力、物力、财力和时间。
243. “The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments.”
243．一个文明的真正价值通过它的艺术创作而不是科学成就得以体现。
244 “Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them."
244． 多少社会其实并不重视伟大的思想家，即使是在宣称很敬仰这些思想家的时候。

sha-shineUID: 2610662

看了一下是比我手里的翻译精确好多 谢谢LZ  分享了:)

大洋彼岸之风UID: 2644427

谢谢~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

kuyuepoUID: 2468938

谢谢分享---

Icetea1982UID: 2234022

多谢LZ

maggie-jiangUID: 2666877

感激，终于知道从何下手

swifUID: 2530426

我把楼主的东东贴成了一个文档，方便大家下载




9# maggie-jiang

powermacUID: 2500173

谢谢！

xianyudafanshenUID: 2671832

楼主辛苦了，谢谢

wdx19861106UID: 2821198

谢谢~