issue 提纲= so what=第一次作业 by gabyw

gabywUID: 2633725

issue提纲 30,69,88,114,119,151,159,196,66,115


30.技术进步的主要目标是提高人们的效率，使得每个人都有更多的闲暇时间。
1. 题目含有两层，第一层观点部分正确，第二层不对。
2. 第一部分，诚然，科技确实提高了人们的效率。举例子：
比如： 制造业采用先进的设备，在相同时间内能够生产出更多产品；
电脑办公可以简化工作量；通过英特网发邮件省时省力。
3. 但是，作者只看到了这个表面现象。尽管效率提高了，利润增加了，但是员工的工作时间并没有改变，因此人们并没有获得更多的闲暇时间，相反；效率提高了，竞争加剧，压力增大，人们的闲暇时间却减少了。比如；
4. So that is just the by-product of the development of the technology


69"Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development" 政府应该对科学研究和发展尽量少地加以限制。

政府是否对科学研究和发展加以限制取决于科学研究的结果对社会的稳定和发展的影响具有什么样的作用，如果，对社会具有正作用就大力支持，相反，如果对社会发展具有负作用就要加以控制和限制。
比如：
1. 先进的医疗设备仪器，可以尽早检查出潜伏的疾病，更早的治疗。
2. 对农产品的研究，可以提高产量
3.交通工具以及通信方面的研究可以
负影响：
1.
有关站着武器的研究，比如核武器，这样的科学研究是不利于世界和平的，相反有可能导致社会发展的巨大倒退。
2.
克隆研究，尤其是克隆人的研究，会使得社会混乱。



88"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics." 88． 科学技术不但影响而且决定了社会风俗和民族习惯
1. 以科技为代表的时代，因为
生产方式的不同导致生活方式的不同，社会风俗和。
不管人们有没有意识到，科学技术已经深深的影响着我们的日常生活，在经济社会发展扮演着不可或缺的角色。21世纪以来，科学技术，尤其是计算机网络技术、电子信息技术的飞速发展，使得手机、电脑那些昂贵的奢侈品步入寻常百姓家，成为我们生活的必需品。想象一下，如果没有手机，我们如何随心所欲地与亲人保持联系呢；如果没有网络，我们又如何与远在异国他乡的朋友谈天论地；如果没有高清晰的电视技术，我们又如何享受华丽的好莱坞电影？当然，我们也必须承认，科学技术在一定程度上也改变着我们的生活方式，改变着我们的文化。


114.在过去的约一个世纪的时间中，人性几乎没有取得什么真正的进步。技术在不断进步，但人性的总体状况毫无改观。战争、暴力，以及贫穷仍然困扰着我们。技术无法改变人性的状况。

我的观点：确实不能改变，但是能影响
1 技术改变生活 在各个领域 enjoy prosperity  
With the constant development of artificial intelligence, computer take over performances of repetitive and mundane tasks, therefore people were emancipated from burdensome work,. The automobile enables people move from one place to another with ease. Other communicating developments like mobile phones, e-mails remove physical barriers between people.````` However, not all those technologies are used for justifiable  purposes.

  
2 技术produce by-products, known as pollution, wars, deplete of natural resources.
The evolvement of weapons of destructive power, from clubs to nuclear weapons, threatens the stability of the world.
Wars and antisocial accidents haunted the Middle East, where people live a miserable life and suffer from both mental torture and psychological torture. Likewise, hunger and religious conflict are insinuated into African people’s life.
污染很多例子
有些人squally claiming that evil of human nature was the root of all those unfavorable things. 其实是double-edge sword. The real propeller of the humanity is the level of recognition of human beings


3， 因此需要教育 enhance people’s awareness ,establish a sound legal system.            recognize the importance of maintaining a good the relationships between others, and correspondingly leading the promotion of the level of humanity in people’s everyday lives.

4确实不能从根本上改善人性，但是却能够帮助人类

119. 当我们为科学、教育或任何其他领域确定研究优先权时，要考虑的一个最重要的问题就是：如果研究获得成功, 多少人的生活会因此而得到改善。

1. 首先，这种说法有一定道理。To solve some pressing social issues, some priorities should be given.如教育（ignorance is the root of misfortune, 所以eradicate ignorance,方法 importance attach to education, establish institutions）,医学advances in medical technology allow for safer, less invasive diagnosis and treatment; (H1N1)国家花大价钱治疗，防止传播，更多人受害，avoid social riots 和 ensure other individuals well-being

2. However，不仅要考虑眼前利益，也要考虑长远利益benefit in the long run。比如教育，we can not become so pragmatic and money-oriented，only pay attention to those lucrative subjects, such as finance, marketing, banking```  application technologies     This will lead to a narrow scope of knowledge not only to the student but also to the society as a whole.
。再比如科技，Penicillin，可以这么说,人类发现并应用抗生素,是人类的一大革命,从此人类有了可以同死神the king of terror进行抗争的一大武器,因为人类死亡的第一大杀手就是细菌感染infection,现在.the abuse of antibiotics。锻炼了细菌的耐药能力.the drug resistance of bacteria is growing.为了舒适，air condition, green house effect, global warming jeopardize our human beings life ultimately <skin cancer>
3. 而且，许多东西的价值是当前看不出来的。it is difficult to predict which research avenues will ultimately lead to the greatest contributions to society.尤其是基础学科（Fundamental Subjects）。比如 mathematics，数学的重要作用在航空航天， computer techniques，金融等行业中显现出来  Without investments in the painstaking but potentially beneficial basic theoretic research, our society will suffer the deficiency of fundamental knowledge and not be able to maintain a continuous growth
Overall, when setting priorities for researches, we should not only consider the short-term and tangible benefits, but also consider the long-term effect.


151."High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication." 151． 高速的电子通讯媒介，如电子邮件和电视，阻止了人们有感情的交流
分析;媒体 有效 交流   正负讨论
我的观点是反对作者所说    先说电子••在交流中的好处
好处：send a e-mail to the other side of the world in less than a second. Curtail over-head cost on stamps 省钱省时  Additionally, high-speed electronic communications media can avoid direct confrontation and embarrassment which may happen in traditional form for what we have done wrong to them, because we fear to lose our face. At this time, an email or a phone call can be more convenient and can avoid embarrassment.  Sometimes we may not feel comfortable to apologize to others face to face
电视 in the past, go to see an opera is a major operation which involves considerable planning  现在看这些习以为常，without going out ``
手机 come in handy in case of an emergency.
电脑 chat room

问题 何谓有效？ 真实，准确。high-speed electronic communications media tend to create passive, isolated and indifferent communicators电视机distract people’s attention ,the importance of kinship gradually fading away from their minds. 邮件(motionless) no one sees the mood behind the letter. Even worse,  compared with face-to-face communication人们有更多时间回答邮件问题，有关survey显示时间越长the more time people spend on answers of a tough question, the more possibilities for them to lie and to fabricate stories.越容易骗人，人们之间形成内在a brief of distrust
手机约定时间，change all the time,  delay ,cancel , disturb your arrangements frequently
电脑online fraudulent,   cyber love are pervasive 你不知道对方是什么人 need to step forward the real world.

兴利除弊 自控

159． 人总是比机器聪明，因为机器只不过是人类的工具而已
我的观点：会取代
1,开头 背景导入  关键词：ENIAC， hum to life, the chasm, dwindle.接管take over 进入 insinuate
Since the ENIAN, the first mainstream hummed to life in 1946, the chasm between humankind and machines has dwindled. 电脑进入寻常生活 computers have insinuated into our daily life, taking over the performances of repetitive and mundane tasks. With the constant improvements of artificial intelligence software, computers now can not only perform tasks, but also “learn” to respond to situations based on various input.提出问题
2,乐观者  extension of human mind and body. will not replace human brain based on the fact that machines are created by human beings. Is this a good reason to explain why machines must be inferior to human minds? 比较电脑和人脑  1 在很多领域。Computers have edge over human minds, 2 the computers have the capability to calculate problems that human can hardly or even imagine, let alone approach 3 就算人也能计算  computers calculation are much faster4 say this man can achieve the same speed as computers,不能保证全对 100 percent accuracy .支持例子 为什么犯了错误 go over human data instead of checking computers. It is simply because computers operation have the capability to avoid errors, where 人脑 are not advanced in this area at all.
3段  人脑有flaws ,还是 yet, it still has an edge over computer. Unlike computer,创造  逻辑推断 logical assumption about problems. Explore new ways to solve problems 无穷无尽的解决方法 It can come up with infinite ways of  getting around problems. 但是Gary Kasparov is to play two exhibition games against Deep Thought in New York. the chess programs are invading the special human domain of creativity. Soon new gambits and openings will be named after programs, not people.


196． 科学技术产生了许多不能解决的问题，对人们的生活质量构成威胁
首先讲好处 take over the repetitive and mundane tasks, emancipate human from burdensome work.
2，问题 by-product 温室效应，nuclear weapon, human cloning``` = if misused, might undermine the quality of our life and even threaten our existence. A single atom bomb can erase millions of us within seconds,
3exert an negative influence on individual’s life. 媒体，alienate each other ; pornographic pictures are pervasive in cyber space and TV alike, 影响孩子
3.尽管improve our living standard, 却危害环境，降低生活质量to a great extent


66.人们依靠技术，自身思考能力减弱
1.人们依靠技术解决问题，导致了自身思考能力的转移。比如
最初人们思考自己怎么解决问题，使用比较低级的工具。
有了先进的技术，人们开始思考如何开发出更高级的技术，帮人们解决更复杂的问题。
比如：1. Advanced technology can emancipate people from all the hard work, which contains accurate calculations, moving cargo, which saves energy and time to solve other problems, which is the original driving force for next breakthrough in science and technology.
2. 有人认为：people rely heavily on technology, as leads to