Argument提纲 =So What=小组第1次作业 by ZhouPYF

ZhouPYFUID: 2633778

1The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products. "Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has many such residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsville's schoolchildren are required to participate in a 'fitness for life' program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age."
1 The sales of running shoes and exercise clothing do not necessarily mean the the people in Plansville are highly concerned with leading healthy lives.
2Even we concede that people are concerning the healthy lives, previous experience may not be useful in Plainsville.
3more members in the health club do not mean more people will buy health food and health related products
4Children’s participating in the health program do not mean they will buy the healthy food, this program focus on the regular exercise not the food.
------------------------------ 2The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deerhaven Acres toall homeowners in Deerhaven Acres. "Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deerhaven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and housepainting."

1There are many reasons why the property values have tripled, maybe the painting is not the reason
2two areas have so many differences; things work in Brookville may not work in Deerhaven, the economy, the location
3The painting happened 7 years ago, it may not work today
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3The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis."In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work."
1the reason why students choose small firms may be big firms are not recruiting at present, it is much harder to have a job in a big firm
2even we concede that it is because of the job satisfaction, the measurements mentioned in the paragraph like offer more benefits and reduce number of hours they work may not increase the job satisfaction.
3first year students’ opinions can not indicate the senior students’ thought
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4The following was posted on an Internet real estate discussion site."Of the two leading real estate firms in our town—Adams Realty and Fitch Realty—Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams."
1 Since the scale of two firms are different, more agents and revenue do not necessary mean more efficiency
2 Experience 10 years ago can not be used today
3information provided can not support Adams can sell at a good price
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5The following appeared in the business section of a newspaper. "Given that the number of people in our country with some form of arthritis is expected to rise from 40 million to 60 million over the next twenty years, pharmaceutical companies that produce drugs for the treatment of arthritis should be very profitable. Many analysts believe that in ten years Becton Pharmaceuticals, which makes Xenon, the best-selling drug treatment for arthritis, will be the most profitable pharmaceutical company. But the patent on Xenon expires in three years, and other companies will then be able to produce a cheaper version of the drug. Thus, it is more likely that in ten years the most profitable pharmaceutical company will be Perkins Pharmaceuticals, maker of a new drug called Xylan, which clinical studies show is preferred over Xenon by seven out of ten patients suffering from the most extreme cases of arthritis." 1the study can not indicate that people will prefer Xylan, the samples are too few
2even the patent will be expired, the Becton may have some other profitable frugs
3there may be some other companies producing the similar drugs and can win the patients

------------------------------ 6The following was written as a part of an application for a small business loan by a group of developers in the city of Monroe. "A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, our proposed club, the C Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroe's jazz festival last summer, several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe, and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is 'Jazz Nightly,' which airs every weeknight. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment. It is clear that the C Note cannot help but make money."
1people attend the jazz festival do not mean they will go to jazz club
2national wide study can not indicate a specific region
3 we do not know how much out of 1000 people will spent in the jazz club

------------------------------7The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper. "In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved."
see the argument7
------------------------------ 8The following appeared in a memorandum issued by the strategic planning department at Omni Inc. "Mesa Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods that currently markets its products within a relatively small region of the country, has strong growth potential. Mesa enjoyed a 20 percent increase in profits last year, and its best-selling product, Diabolique Salsa, has had increased sales over each of the past three years. Since Omni Inc. is interested in reaching 14-to-25 year olds, the age group that consumes the most snack food, we should buy Mesa Foods, and concentrate in particular on marketing Diabolique Salsa throughout the country."
1we do not know whether 14 to 25 years olds will buy Salsa or not
2Mesa foods sells in a small region of country, it is uncertain for them to do the business all over the nation
3we do not know other information about the other foods except Salsa in Mesa Foods
------------------------------9The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega
University."Fifteen years ago, Omega
University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha
University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega
University should now terminate student evaluation of professors."
1 no evidence shows that employers do not hire the students from Omega because they think the grades are inflated
2lots of other possible reasons can cause the current situation, the qualities of the students, the majors are different
3evaluation may not cause higher grades

------------------------------ 10The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper."The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers."
1no sign of increasing in the supply of milk
2no evidence shows that farmers are receiving the excessive profits, the arguer did not consider the cost of producing the milk
3regulate the retail milk price may not ensure both the price and the supply.

------------------------------11The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of West Egg."Two years ago, our consultants predicted that West Egg's landfill, which is used for garbage disposal, would be completely filled within five years. During the past two years, however, town residents have been recycling twice as much aluminum and paper as they did in previous years. Next month the amount of material recycled should further increase, since charges for garbage pickup will double. Furthermore, over ninety percent of the respondents to a recent survey said that they would do more recycling in the future. Because of our residents' strong commitment to recycling, the available space in our landfill should last for considerably longer than predicted."
1we do not know how much do the aluminum and paper contribute to the whole waste
2the reliability of the survey is not confirmed, the samples are questionable
3the arguer do not consider other possible causes which will increase the garbage

------------------------------ 12The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Alta Manufacturing."During the past year, Alta Manufacturing had thirty percent more on-the-job accidents than nearby Panoply Industries, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts believe that a significant contributing factor in many on-the-job accidents is fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Alta and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that our employees will get adequate amounts of sleep."
1two factories are different, maybe Alta is more likely to cause injuries
2no evidence shows the reason is sleep deprivation
3the author did not consider the cost of shorten working hour, and fails think about the other possible solutions to solve the problem

------------------------------ 13The following appeared in a memo from the chief executive of a video game company."We have recently been offered the opportunity to buy the rights to produce a video game based on the soon-to-be-published children's book "Squirrel Power," by Peter Wood. While the cost of the rights is substantial and will place economic constraints on our company in the short-term, there are two reasons that the purchase of these rights will undoubtedly be a wise investment. First, Wood's last three books have been best sellers and the movie based on his first book was highly profitable. Second, the popular characters and story line in "Squirrel Power" will save us time in developing our video game, thereby reducing our costs."
1last three books sales can not ensure the current one
2movie and video games are different, people interested in movie maybe not interested in video games
3the author did not consider the other cost of developing the game

------------------------------ 14The following appeared in a memo from the owner of Green
Thumb
Gardening
Center, a small business serving a suburban town. "There is evidence that consumers are becoming more and more interested in growing their own vegetables. A national survey conducted last month indicated that many consumers were dissatisfied with the quality of fresh vegetables available in supermarkets. And locally, the gardening magazine Great
Gardens has sold out at the Village News stand three months in a row. Thus, we at Green Thumb Gardening Center can increase our profits by greatly expanding the variety of vegetable seeds we stock for gardeners this coming spring."
1national survey can not represent the small region
2many reasons causes the sales of the gardening magazine
3the cost of stocking the seeds is not considered

------------------------------ 15The following appeared in a newsletter offering advice to investors."Over 80 percent of the respondents to a recent survey indicated a desire to reduce their intake of foods containing fats and cholesterol, and today low-fat products abound in many food stores. Since many of the food products currently marketed by Old Dairy Industries are high in fat and cholesterol, the company's sales are likely to diminish greatly and their profits will no doubt decrease. We therefore advise Old Dairy stockholders to sell their shares and other investors not to purchase stock in this company."
1the reliabilities of the survey is not ensured
2old dairy industries may have foods low in fats and cholesterol
3the profitability of the low fat products is not provided

------------------------------16The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper from a citizen of the state of Impecunia. "Two years ago our neighboring state, Lucria, began a state lottery to supplement tax revenues for education and public health. Today, Lucria spends more per pupil than we do, and Lucria's public health program treats far more people than our state's program does. If we were to establish a state lottery like the one in Lucria, the profits could be used to improve our educational system and public health program. The new lottery would doubtless be successful, because a survey conducted in our capital city concludes that citizens of Impecunia already spend an average of $50 per person per year on gambling."
1 two countries are different
2survey done in capital city can not show the national situation
3 people interested in gambling do not mean they will buy lottery
------------------------------ 17The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Walnut Grove town newspaper. "Walnut Grove's town council has advocated switching from EZ Disposal (which has had the contract for trash collection services in Walnut Grove for the past ten years) to ABC Waste, because EZ recently raised its monthly fee from $2,000 to $2,500 a month, whereas ABC's fee is still $2,000. But the town council is mistaken; we should continue using EZ. EZ collects trash twice a week, while ABC collects only once. Moreover, EZ—which, like ABC, currently has a fleet of 20 trucks—has ordered additional trucks. Finally, EZ provides exceptional service: 80 percent of respondents to last year's town survey agreed that they were 'satisfied' with EZ's performance."
1the reliability of the survey is open to doubt
2we do not know the efficiency of two companies
3trcuks can not be a reason for the government to choose the company


------------------------------ 18The following appeared in an editorial in a Prunty
County newspaper. "In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty
County recently lowered its speed limit from 55 miles per hour to 45 on all major county roads. But the 55 mph limit should be restored, because this safety effort has failed. Most drivers are exceeding the new speed limit and the accident rate throughout Prunty
County has decreased only slightly. If we want to improve the safety of our roads, we should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler
County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths and resurfacing rough roads. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago."
1not enough time to show whether the effort is failed or not
2two countries are different
3we do not know the total accidents in Butler

------------------------------ 19The following appeared in a letter from the manager of a rock band named Double Rice."One year ago, tickets for Double Rice's concerts in stadiums around the country took, on average, at least 24 hours to sell out, if they sold out at all. But the band has been enjoying a surge in nationwide popularity among 14 to 25 year olds, and the 30,000 tickets for a recent concert in Megalopolis sold out in 12 minutes. Clearly the ticket sales in Megalopolis are a result both of the band's increased popularity and of the advertising campaign run in Megalopolis by the Ad Lib advertising agency. Thus, in order to ensure that the band's success in Megalopolis is repeated across the country, the band should hire Ad Lib to duplicate the Megalopolis ad campaign on a nationwide scale."
1no clear evidence show it is because of the AD cause the sales
2the ad lib may not have the experience of running the ad campaign on a nationwide scale
3the auger fails to consider the cost of hiring ADlib


------------------------------ 20The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette."The population of Balmer
Island increases to 100,000 duing the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer
Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's six moped and bicycle rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council is sure to attain the 50 percent reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year in the neighboring island of Torseau, when Torseau's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals."
1 differences between the tow towns
2limiting the number of the rentals do not mean limiting the bicycle on the road
3the reason of so many accidents happened is not found yet


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