Issue提纲 =So What=小组第1次作业 by fengrui129

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[b]30.技术进步的主要目标是提高人们的效率，使得每个人都有更多的闲暇时间。
1. 题目含有两层，第一层观点部分正确，第二层不对。
2. 第一部分，诚然，科技确实提高了人们的效率。举例子，对比。Can hardly deny… 从而确实有了更多的闲暇时光。由于科技的发展人类的生活改变了很多，远程上班，save the everyday chores of backing and forthing to jobs 电子商务
3. 但是，作者只看到了这个表面现象。Superficial ,we should delve deeper科技从本质上讲是揭示宇宙和人类的秘密universe，或者增进生活质量improve our living quality。The endless drive that propel us to continuously … Curiosity。前者是physics, chemistry, biology和mathematics的本质所在，后者是医学medicine，engineering。How could the study of the atom structures serve to give more leisure time to everyone? Yet without such crucial developments, it is impossible to invent computers or other semiconductor-based products.
4. So that is just the by-product of the development of the technology


66.人们依靠技术，自身思考能力减弱
提纲
1，解放思想 emancipate people from the extremely demanding job of calculating, while enables them to spend more time in generation new ideas, which is the true driving force for every breakthrough in science and technology.
2 有人说rely heavily on technologies. 电脑做作业，washing machine ,记录东西用video, an extension of our eyes, 不用整合观点，机器人干活。终有一天一只猪在电脑前，press ‘enter’,the world will run automatically. Just imagine 多恐怖••••
3，但其实是双刃剑，more powerful tools to assist their thinking. communication form ,科技发展需要交流，,combine different ideas 交流方式 effective ,thus 一起交流enhances our thinking ability.

69"Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development" 政府应该对科学研究和发展尽量少地加以限制。
1 科学发展好处••• double edge sword , by-product, known as pollution, war``
2 Government play an imperative rather vital role in solving those pressing issues.
所以要管管的，If left unfettered, some scientists may, out of curiosity, do some extreme dangerous experiments, just like secret bacterial weapons , some unknown evil genes, or even a cloning Hitler, which may potentially jeopardize the stability of the society
3 当然，政府cannot restrict scientific research too much.否则 Dampen scientists morale，hamper ,chock new breakthrough.
4 总之，需要合适控制，need appropriate bridal, to levee its advance

88"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics." 88． 科学技术不但影响而且决定了社会风俗和民族习惯
1分析 确实影响（推陈出新）
break down superstitions 打雷下雨不是发怒的神引起的 ，工业革命 妇女出门，妇女缠足get rid of it
各种机器发明•••

但不决定（自然条件，历史原因，文化， style of thoughts, habitual behaviors）Mid-autumn Festival , to commemorate Qu Yuan   a patriotic poet   自然因素religion 特别行为 非洲Rwanda marriage was determined by god，结婚前先去问神
宗教影响：Jews were slaves in Egypt; 天主教杀耶稣 Romans kill Jesus Christ due to religion belief; Hindu create a caste system to ruin people’s life.

114.在过去的约一个世纪的时间中，人性几乎没有取得什么真正的进步。技术在不断进步，但人性的总体状况毫无改观。战争、暴力，以及贫穷仍然困扰着我们。技术无法改变人性的状况。

我的观点：确实不能改变，但是能影响
1 技术改变生活 在各个领域 enjoy prosperity  
With the constant development of artificial intelligence, computer take over performances of repetitive and mundane tasks, therefore people were emancipated from burdensome work,. The automobile enables people move from one place to another with ease. Other communicating developments like mobile phones, e-mails remove physical barriers between people.````` However, not all those technologies are used for justifiable  purposes.

  
2 技术produce by-products, known as pollution, wars, deplete of natural resources.
The evolvement of weapons of destructive power, from clubs to nuclear weapons, threatens the stability of the world.
Wars and antisocial accidents haunted the Middle East, where people live a miserable life and suffer from both mental torture and psychological torture. Likewise, hunger and religious conflict are insinuated into African people’s life.
污染很多例子
有些人squally claiming that evil of human nature was the root of all those unfavorable things. 其实是double-edge sword. The real propeller of the humanity is the level of recognition of human beings


3， 因此需要教育 enhance people’s awareness ,establish a sound legal system.            recognize the importance of maintaining a good the relationships between others, and correspondingly leading the promotion of the level of humanity in people’s everyday lives.

4确实不能从根本上改善人性，但是却能够帮助人类

119. 当我们为科学、教育或任何其他领域确定研究优先权时，要考虑的一个最重要的问题就是：如果研究获得成功, 多少人的生活会因此而得到改善。

1. 首先，这种说法有一定道理。To solve some pressing social issues, some priorities should be given.如教育（ignorance is the root of misfortune, 所以eradicate ignorance,方法 importance attach to education, establish institutions）,医学advances in medical technology allow for safer, less invasive diagnosis and treatment; (H1N1)国家花大价钱治疗，防止传播，更多人受害，avoid social riots 和 ensure other individuals well-being

2. However，不仅要考虑眼前利益，也要考虑长远利益benefit in the long run。比如教育，we can not become so pragmatic and money-oriented，only pay attention to those lucrative subjects, such as finance, marketing, banking```  application technologies     This will lead to a narrow scope of knowledge not only to the student but also to the society as a whole.
。再比如科技，Penicillin，可以这么说,人类发现并应用抗生素,是人类的一大革命,从此人类有了可以同死神the king of terror进行抗争的一大武器,因为人类死亡的第一大杀手就是细菌感染infection,现在.the abuse of antibiotics。锻炼了细菌的耐药能力.the drug resistance of bacteria is growing.为了舒适，air condition, green house effect, global warming jeopardize our human beings life ultimately <skin cancer>
3. 而且，许多东西的价值是当前看不出来的。it is difficult to predict which research avenues will ultimately lead to the greatest contributions to society.尤其是基础学科（Fundamental Subjects）。比如 mathematics，数学的重要作用在航空航天， computer techniques，金融等行业中显现出来  Without investments in the painstaking but potentially beneficial basic theoretic research, our society will suffer the deficiency of fundamental knowledge and not be able to maintain a continuous growth
Overall, when setting priorities for researches, we should not only consider the short-term and tangible benefits, but also consider the long-term effect.


151."High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication." 151． 高速的电子通讯媒介，如电子邮件和电视，阻止了人们有感情的交流
分析;媒体 有效 交流   正负讨论
我的观点是反对作者所说    先说电子••在交流中的好处
好处：send a e-mail to the other side of the world in less than a second. Curtail over-head cost on stamps 省钱省时  Additionally, high-speed electronic communications media can avoid direct confrontation and embarrassment which may happen in traditional form for what we have done wrong to them, because we fear to lose our face. At this time, an email or a phone call can be more convenient and can avoid embarrassment.  Sometimes we may not feel comfortable to apologize to others face to face
电视 in the past, go to see an opera is a major operation which involves considerable planning  现在看这些习以为常，without going out ``
手机 come in handy in case of an emergency.
电脑 chat room

问题 何谓有效？ 真实，准确。high-speed electronic communications media tend to create passive, isolated and indifferent communicators电视机distract people’s attention ,the importance of kinship gradually fading away from their minds. 邮件(motionless) no one sees the mood behind the letter. Even worse,  compared with face-to-face communication人们有更多时间回答邮件问题，有关survey显示时间越长the more time people spend on answers of a tough question, the more possibilities for them to lie and to fabricate stories.越容易骗人，人们之间形成内在a brief of distrust
手机约定时间，change all the time,  delay ,cancel , disturb your arrangements frequently
电脑online fraudulent,   cyber love are pervasive 你不知道对方是什么人 need to step forward the real world.

兴利除弊 自控

159． 人总是比机器聪明，因为机器只不过是人类的工具而已
我的观点：会取代
1,开头 背景导入  关键词：ENIAC， hum to life, the chasm, dwindle.接管take over 进入 insinuate
Since the ENIAN, the first mainstream hummed to life in 1946, the chasm between humankind and machines has dwindled. 电脑进入寻常生活 computers have insinuated into our daily life, taking over the performances of repetitive and mundane tasks. With the constant improvements of artificial intelligence software, computers now can not only perform tasks, but also “learn” to respond to situations based on various input.提出问题
2,乐观者  extension of human mind and body. will not replace human brain based on the fact that machines are created by human beings. Is this a good reason to explain why machines must be inferior to human minds? 比较电脑和人脑  1 在很多领域。Computers have edge over human minds, 2 the computers have the capability to calculate problems that human can hardly or even imagine, let alone approach 3 就算人也能计算  computers calculation are much faster4 say this man can achieve the same speed as computers,不能保证全对 100 percent accuracy .支持例子 为什么犯了错误 go over human data instead of checking computers. It is simply because computers operation have the capability to avoid errors, where 人脑 are not advanced in this area at all.
3段  人脑有flaws ,还是 yet, it still has an edge over computer. Unlike computer,创造  逻辑推断 logical assumption about problems. Explore new ways to solve problems 无穷无尽的解决方法 It can come up with infinite ways of  getting around problems. 但是Gary Kasparov is to play two exhibition games against Deep Thought in New York. the chess programs are invading the special human domain of creativity. Soon new gambits and openings will be named after programs, not people.


196． 科学技术产生了许多不能解决的问题，对人们的生活质量构成威胁

首先讲好处 take over the repetitive and mundane tasks, emancipate human from burdensome work.
2，问题 by-product 温室效应，nuclear weapon, human cloning``` = if misused, might undermine the quality of our life and even threaten our existence. A single atom bomb can erase millions of us within seconds,
3exert an negative influence on individual’s life. 媒体，alienate each other ; pornographic pictures are pervasive in cyber space and TV alike, 影响孩子

3.尽管improve our living standard, 却危害环境，降低生活质量to a great extent