Leo Tolstoy,俄国小说家、评论家、剧作家和哲学家,“艺术家用某种外在的符号有意识地把自己体验过的感情传达给别人,而别人为这些感情所感染,也体验到这些感情。”
2 艺术可以通过艺术创作活动对社会的发展产生影响或促进作用(impulses of a society)。
随着1960年代末第二波妇女解放运动的发轫,女性自觉意识的逐步高升,女性对纯粹由男性观点所建构的世界观,及价值观不断提出质疑,批判父权体制对女性的宰制,寻求建立以女性为中心的思考方式。在艺术方面,自1970年代初一批美国的女性主义艺术家、评论者及艺术史学者,携手合作,有组织地推动女性主义艺术作品的创作,争取女性艺术家的权益及地位,形成所谓的女性主义艺术运动。
在腐败现象严重时,表现清官的影视艺术作品往往拥有广泛的观众。
匈牙利诗人裴多菲立即写了一首《民族之歌》到群众中朗诵,号召匈牙利人民为争取自由和解放而斗争。“虽至今日,而影响于波兰人之心者,力犹无限”
243"The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments."
190"As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money."
143"Artists should pay little attention to their critics.* Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artist's creativity."
*those who evaluate works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.