[YB-2]7月1日作业 by 2519545 (代发)

忘了密码的EUID: 2354139

Issue 119. When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful.


we should ask the following questions:
1. what's the essense of research?
2. Are all the reseaches evaluated by whether it improve people's lives?
3. Under what conditions should we consider develop researches that improve people's lives first?

partially agree
1. the essence of research is probing the unknown world, a kind of human activity whose results will benefit human beings.
2. For developing countries, undoubtly, they should first consider improving people's lives.
3. For developed coutries, however, more is need to do, not just an utilitarian viewpoint.
4. Acually, putting whether improving people's lives as the first standard to evaluate research is some kind of utilitarianist. Existence is the first demand, however, spirit is more advanced demand.


I don't completely agree the viewpoint that improve people's lives as many as possible is the most important thing when setting research priorities. There are different cases. For developing countries, with limited resources, it's better to consider first whether the results of research can improve people's lives. However, for those developed countries and the developing countries with enough resources to tangle with application research and theorical research, it's better to pay equal attention to both of them, and the criterea to set research priorities for therical research can be: Whether the result can amplify our knowledge and has lasting impact.

As we know, live and existence is the first demand of human beings, therefore, research should be helpful to improve people's lives. For most developing countries, they are eager to improve their lives. Focuse on application research can bring them direct effect. In the other hand, they don't have enough resources to developing so many other researches such as theoric physical, eplore the universe. Could us imagin that, a poor country suffers from starve pour much of its resource on developing spaceship, despite of the stravation and exposion of its people? The people in the country must be angry about it. Even the basic living substance can be guaranteed, what's the spaceship developing for? Hence, it's best for these countries to ask whether the result of the research can improve people's life setting research priorities.

However, despite of leading a comfortable life, we human beings have strong spirit demand, including the satisfaction of curiosity. We human beings are curious about the nature, the cosmic, etc, and we are eager to know more about them. These eagerness is part of humanity. Along the long river of history, many great people devote their lives to explore the unknown world. From ancent Greek to nowadays, from Newton to Einstein, untold precedents were immersed in the work that seem useless to the society. However, they are remembered by us. Why? Because their work amplify our knowledge, satisfy our curiosity, and promote the civization of our society. These are not useless work! As a matter of fact, these are the most precious wealth of human beings. Therefore, it's the whole human beings' responsibility to pay attention to theoric research. Since most developing countries can't afford it, the developed countries must contribute more to the developing of such researches.

Many people hold the view that theoric research is useless, and researchers should focuse on the research that can improve people's lives. This is aburd and utilitarian. Mathematics, so theoritical, however, is the basis of modern society, any application sciences are based on it. Newton's mechanics, seemed useless expect exlaining how the stars and the articles motives, however, is the basis of our modern transportation tools such as car, planes, etc. Einstein's relativity, maybe useless for us nowadays, however, if one day we sit on the time-space-ship travelling around the cosmic, we will be so grateful to Einstein's theory. Frankly speaking, there is a long time before the results of theroric researches take effect and improve people's lives. However, their influences are profound and lasting. Such as Newton's mechanics, it took more than a century to apply it to devolop the first modern car. However, it benefits us so much that it is everywhere around us. In a word, theoric research is not useless, it's worth to devote more resource on it. The viewpoint that it's useless is a kind of utilitarianism which we shouldn't adopt.

In conclusion, if the basic living is not guaranteed, we should first focuse on those researches that can improve our lives as much as possible. Howevr, if the subtances of the society is enough to allow people to get rid of starvation and exposition, we should pay attention to those theoric researches that can't improve people's lives directly and instantly.


65The following appeared in a memo from the president of a chain of cheese stores located throughout the United States.

"For many years all the stores in our chain have stocked a wide variety of both domestic and imported cheeses. Last year, however, the five best-selling cheeses at our newest store were all domestic cheddar cheeses from Wisconsin. Furthermore, a recent survey by Cheeses of the World magazine indicates an increasing preference for domestic cheeses among its subscribers. Since our company can reduce expenses by limiting inventory, the best way to improve profits in all of our stores is to discontinue stocking many of our varieties of imported cheese and concentrate primarily on domestic cheeses."

1.最新的store最畅销的五种cheeses都来自国内的Wisconsin
2.Cheeses of the World magazine的survey指出，客户对国内奶酪的偏好有所增加——但不意味着国外不受欢迎，同时对所谓的survey的描述也太模糊，是什么地方的客户？
3.停止进口产品仓储某种程度的确降低成本，但是如果国内奶酪不受欢迎，大量囤积在仓库，其成本不见得会降低；而奶酪的不受欢迎又导致营业额降低，利润减少


1.对该公司，其最新店的情况在去年可能是例外
2.即使不是例外，也不一定对所有店都成立。
3.国内奶酪受欢迎程度上升不意味着国外奶酪不受欢迎
4.即使上述两条成立，停止外国产品未必能获取更大利润。也许国内品种的销量已达饱和，再增加仓储未必能增加销量。而国外产品可能有固定客户，并且利润较高，弃之则损失利润。

The memo suggests the company stop stocking many kinds of foreign cheeses and concentrate major on domestic cheeses in order to improve profits most effectively in all of their stores, based on the two facts: First, their newest store's top five best-selling cheeses last year were all domestic cheeses. Second, a survey by Cheeses of World magazine shows that domestic cheeses is more popular than before among its subscibers. Yet, this memo is logically flawed and the suggestion is not convincing.

First, the newest store's five best-selling cheeses were all domestic last year doesn't indicate that its top five best-selling cheeses were all domestic cheeses recent years. Actually, it's possible that last year is abnormal. Maybe, due to disaster or war, the major source of foreign cheeses decreased dramatically last year. If the auther can't tell that there were suffice supply with imported cheeses for the newest store last year, the suggestion wouldn't be convinced.

Secondly, even the best-selling cheeses of the newest store in the past few years were all domestic cheeses, it's not neccessarily the best-selling cheeses of all the stores are domestic cheeses. The newest store can be an exception. Different district have different cases. Maybe the citizens near the newest store prefer to eat cheeses produced locally, since they are custom to them. While in other district, for example, large cities such as New York, there are plenty of people migrated into this city from other coutries, or they keep their traditional habit. So it's likely that in such cities imported cheeses of different kinds are more popular. Therefore, without showing whether or not the most popular cheeses are domestic cheeses, it's unwise to suggest stop selling most of the imported cheeses.

Moreover, the survey by Cheeses of the World magazine doesn't support the president's suggestion well. What the survey indicates is domestic cheeses among its subscribers become more popular than before. It's say nothing about whether domestic cheeses is the more popular or the imported cheeses is more popular. As a matter of fact, it probable that imported cheeses are more popular. In such case, stop stocking majority of the imported cheeses is not fatal to the company.

Even domestic cheeses are more popular than imported cheeses, the company can't guaratee to profit more if concentrate primarily on domestic cheeses. Popular doesn't equal profit. There is the possibility that the popularity of domestic cheeses is at the price of low price and hence little profit. In the other hand, the less popular imported cheeses may profit much for high quality and high prices. Although their sales is less, however, they do contribute much to the total profit of the company.

Even domestic cheeses profit better than imported cheeses, there is still one problem left: The company can't guaratee that they can sell more domestic cheeses. The market is full of competence, maybe it can't commodate more domestic cheeses now. Under such situation, it's danger to increase sales of domestic cheeses. Unless the president can prove that there is enough space for the increased cheeses, the suggestion can't be adopted.

Summary, the memo is flawed and the suggestion is not convincing. Unless the president provides the sales data of the newest store and other stores in recent years, including sales and profit statistics of domestic and imported cheeses of each store, and a thorough survey of the current cheese market, we can't accept his/her viewpoint and adopt hit/her suggestion.

忘了密码的EUID: 2354139

I don't completely agree the viewpoint that improve (改为动名词improving) people's lives asmany as possible is the most important thing when setting researchpriorities. There are different cases. For developing countries, withlimited resources,(这个让我感觉是对所有的developing 因为两个逗号之间是修饰前面的 不是限制 而你后面又说对于比较有资源的发展中 逻辑上有一点别扭) it's(学术写作不要缩写) better (加for them) to consider first whether the results ofresearch can improve people's lives. However, for those(those可删) developedcountries and the developing countries with enough resources to tanglewith(tangle with是跟人纠缠的意思吧?) application research and theorical(拼写) research(这俩research我明白你什么意思 但是好像不是这么说), it's(it is) better to payequal attention to both of them, and the criterea(拼写 单数criterion) to set researchpriorities for therical(拼写) research can be: (冒号后面应该一般是问句 whether不是 所以可以直接can be whether...)Whether the result can amplifyour knowledge and has lasting impact.

As we know, live and existence(live是动词 existence是名词 不能用and连成一个主语) is the first demand of human beings,therefore, research should be helpful to improve people's lives. Formost developing countries, they are eager to improve their lives(their=countries', countries' lives不妥吧).Focuse(Focusing) on application research(查查正式用法) can bring them direct effect(benefit会不会更好?). In theother hand, they don't(缩写) have enough resources to developing(develop) so manyother researches such as theoric(拼写) physical(physics), (逗号换成and 因为之有两个东西并列)eplore(拼写) the universe. Couldus imagin(拼写) that, a poor country suffers(suffering) from starve(starving) pour(pours) much of itsresource(我不确定有没有pour resource这个说法) on developing spaceship, despite of the stravation(拼写) andexposion(拼写) of its people? (个人感觉这句话改成It is hard to imagine that a poor country会更好)The people in the country must be(太绝对了有点) angry aboutit. Even the basic living substance can be guaranteed(是不是应该是:If the basic... cannot be guaranteed), what's(缩写) thespaceship developing for? Hence, it's best for these countries to askwhether the result of the research can improve people's life (before? when?) settingresearch priorities.

However, despite of leading a comfortable life, we human beings(we和hb有点重复) havestrong spirit demand, including the satisfaction of curiosity. We humanbeings are curious about the nature, the cosmic, etc, and we are eagerto know more about them. These eagerness is part of humanity(human nature). Along thelong river of history, many great people devote(devoted) their lives to explorethe unknown world. From ancent(拼写) Greek to nowadays, from Newton toEinstein, untold precedents were immersed in the work that seem uselessto the society. However, they are remembered by us. Why? Because theirwork amplify  (amplified)our knowledge, satisfy(satisfied) our curiosity, and promote(promoted) thecivization(拼写) of our society. These are not useless work! As a matter offact, these are the most precious wealth of human beings(有点极端 毕竟你刚才说了活着才是王道.. 这里可以说比如From certain perspectives, these are also precious wealth of hb.). Therefore,it's the whole human beings' responsibility to pay attention to theoric(拼写)research. Since most developing countries can't(cannot) afford it, thedeveloped countries must contribute more to the developing of suchresearches.

Many people hold the view that theoric(拼写) research is useless, andresearchers should focuse(拼写) on the research that can improve people'slives(加in a more direct way会不会更好). This is aburd(拼写 你想写absurd么 但是用在这不对吧) and utilitarian. Mathematics, so theoritical(拼写),however, is(直接用but it is) the basis of modern society, any(all) application sciences arebased on it. Newton's mechanics, seemed useless expect(?) exlaining(拼写) howthe stars and the articles motives(motions), however, is the basis of our moderntransportation tools such as car, planes, etc. Einstein's relativity,maybe useless for us nowadays, however, if
one day(if去了在这里加when) we sit on thetime-space-ship travelling around the cosmic, we will be so grateful toEinstein's theory. Frankly speaking, there is a long time before theresults of theroric(拼写) researches take(show the) effect and improve people's lives.However, their influences are profound and lasting. Such as Newton'smechanics, it took more than a century to apply it to devolop(拼写) the firstmodern car(我会这么写:A century passed before Newton's laws were applied into the invention of the first modern car.). However, it benefits us so much that it is everywherearound us. In a word, theoric(拼写) research is not useless, it's(缩写) worth todevote more resource on it(to devote more resource to). The viewpoint that it's(缩写) useless is a kindof utilitarianism which we shouldn't(缩写) adopt.

In conclusion, if the basic living is not guaranteed, we should firstfocuse(拼写) on those researches that can (directly) improve our lives as much aspossible. Howevr(拼写), if the subtances(拼写) of the society is enough to allowpeople to get rid of starvation and exposition(展览会??), we should pay attentionto those theoric(拼写) researches that can't(缩写) improve people's lives directlyand instantly.

忘了密码的EUID: 2354139

后面的拼写缩写我都没有变色...懒了...
以后写完贴到word一下 把typo改了
A明天再改....

忘了密码的EUID: 2354139

The memo suggests the company (+should) stop stocking many kinds of foreign cheeses and concentrate major (多余) on domestic cheeses in order to improve profits most effectively in all of their stores, based on the(多余) two facts: First, their newest store's top five best-selling cheeses last year were all domestic cheeses. Second, a survey by Cheeses of World magazine shows that domestic cheeses is more popular than before among its subscibers. Yet, this memo is logically flawed and the suggestion is not convincing.

First, the newest store's five best-selling cheeses were all domestic last year doesn't indicate that its top five best-selling cheeses were all domestic cheeses recent years. Actually, it's possible that last year is abnormal. Maybe, due to disaster or war, the major source of foreign cheeses decreased dramatically last year. If the auther(author)can't(cannot) tell that there were(was a) suffice supply with imported cheeses for the newest store last year, the suggestion wouldn't be convinced(convincing).

Secondly, even (+if) the best-selling cheeses of the newest store in the past few years were all domestic cheeses, it's not neccessarily(this does not imply that) the best-selling cheeses of all the stores are domestic cheeses. The newest store can be an exception. Different district(districts) have different cases. Maybe the citizens near the newest store prefer to eat cheeses produced locally, since they are custom(accustomed?) to them. While in other district(s), for example, large cities such as New York, there are plenty of people migrated into this city from other coutries, or(many of) they keep their traditional habit. So it's(it is) likely that in such cities imported cheeses of different kinds are more popular. Therefore, without showing whether or not the most popular cheeses are domestic cheeses(这句话有点不清不楚 得限定说美国各地most popular都是domestic), it's unwise to suggest stop selling most of the imported cheeses.

Moreover, the survey by Cheeses of the World magazine doesn't(does not) support the president's suggestion well. What the survey indicates is domestic cheeses among its subscribers become more popular than before. It's say(It says) nothing about whether domestic cheeses is the more popular or the imported cheeses is more popular. As a matter of fact, it (is) probable that imported cheeses are more popular. In such case, stop stocking majority of the imported cheeses is not fatal(致命？为什么用这个词？) to the company.

Even domestic cheeses are more popular than imported cheeses, the company can't(cannot) guaratee to profit more if concentrate(if it concentrates) primarily on domestic cheeses. Popular doesn't(does not) equal profit. There is the(a) possibility that the popularity of domestic cheeses is at the price of low price and hence little profit. In the other hand, the less popular imported cheeses may profit much for high quality and high prices. Although their sales is less, however, they do contribute much to the total profit of the company.

Even(if) domestic cheeses profit better(is more profitable) than imported cheeses, there is still one problem left: The company can't(cannot) guaratee that they can sell more domestic cheeses. The market is full of competence(直接说suppliers of domestic cheeses和后面半句比较搭), maybe it can't(cannot) commodate more domestic cheeses now. Under such situation, it's danger(it is dangerous) to increase sales(应该是stocking吧) of domestic cheeses. Unless the president can prove that there is enough space for the increased cheeses, the suggestion can't(不应该是cannot 应该是should not) be adopted.

(In)Summary, the memo is flawed and the suggestion is not convincing. Unless the president provides the sales data of the newest store and other stores in recent years, including sales and profit statistics of domestic and imported cheeses of each store, and a thorough survey of the current cheese market, we can't accept his/her viewpoint and adopt hit(his)/her suggestion.