[YB-2]7月2日作业 by 2519545 (代发)

忘了密码的EUID: 2354139

180"Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."

many problems, not all problems cannot be solved by laws and legal systems.
1. admit that some problems can be solved by laws and legal systems
2. point out that there are problems cannot be solved by laws and legal systems.

why this happens?
the author thinks that moral behavior cannot be legisted.

question:
what's laws and legal systems? the essence
what's moral behavior? essence
what's the relationship between moral behavior?
what problems can be solved by laws? what can't?

同意现代社会中很多问题不能靠法律来解决，但是不完全同意道德行为不能法律化的说法。实际上，很多道德问题可以通过法律化来解决。
1.提出观点，部分同意：很多问题不能由法律解决，但是很多道德问题可以通过逐渐完善法律来得到解决。
2.什么是法律，法律的作用范围：法律一般只能规范人们不损害别人的利益
3.什么是道德，道德的作用范围：道德不但规范人们不损害别人的利益，还要求人们做对别人有利的事情，比如救人，助人之类的。
4.实际上，道德和法律有着千丝万缕的关系。对于固定的法律体系，当然会有很多道德问题不能通过法律来解决，因为法律是有限的范畴，道德是无限的范畴，法律永远不能将所有道德全部法律化。但是从另一方面，某些道德在特定的社会条件下会法律化。比如盗版，最初盗版只会在道德上受到谴责，但是现在很多国家盗版已经在法律上予以规定。
5.应当发展的观点看问题，既看到道德和法律是不同的两个概念，又要看到他们实际上是紧密联系的，并且会是动态联系的。


Admittly, there are untold issues cannot be handled by legal system. However, not all the moral behavior cannot be legislated. As a matter of fact, moral and laws and closely related, legal system usally reflect the main stream of the comtempory moral system, while moral behaviors can rise to laws under certain conditions.

Laws, represents the behalf of dominators, also a mirror of the comtempory moral system. Usually, the most important aspects of moral systems will be legislated. For example, killing, stealing, robbing, etc, these behaviors are both inhibited by moral system and legal systems. As a result, legal system is compatible with moral system in most of the cases. From this point of view, laws can solve many issues include moral problems.

However, there are still many moral problems cannot be solved by laws. What can be dealt with by laws? What cannot be dealt with by laws? Roughly speaking, the legal system is a set a of rugulations that prohibit people from invading others' proper interests, while the moral system is a set of rules which not only prohibit people invade others' proper interests but also advise peole to do something good to others and the society. Therefore, if a person does something that is not admitted morally, while not invades others' interests, then laws usually can do nothing to regulate him/she. For instance, if a person robs, then he/she invades the benifits of others and breaks the law. If a person observes a robber is robbing but does nothing to help the victim, then this person would be condamned by the moral system, but will not be punish by law. Similary, there are many other examples to illustrate the fact that many problems cannot be solved by laws.

Yet, the fact that many problems cannot be handled by laws doesn't indicate moral behaviors cannot be legislated. As a matter of fact, legal system is not static but dynamic, it develops all the time. The development of legal system in essence is the legislation of moral behaviors. For a decromoncy society, the mojority of the laws reflect moral regulations. If needed, a moral regulation legislated. Take internet crime for example, at the beginning of internet, there are no laws about internet crime. Even cheat money via internet wouldn't get any punish except moral condamn. However, as the development of internet, more and more internet crime came out. At this time, the society called for laws to regulate such behaviors, and then various laws related to internet are made. There are untold such examples, all show that moral behavior can be legislated as the development of society.

In sum, the viewpoint that moral behaviors cannot be legislated is too absolute and static. It doesn't realize the fact that each thing of this world is static, but dynamic. Laws is not static, moral is not static. As the development of them, nothing is impossible! Moral behaviors can turn into laws, while laws would be abandoned.

=============

51.The following appeared in a medical newsletter.

"Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some
patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis
has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of
patients. The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle
injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took
antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperation time
was, on average, 40 percent quicker than typically expected. Patients in
the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton, a general physician,
were given sugar pills, although the patients believed they were taking
antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly
reduced. Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain
would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment."

1. what's the conclusion and suggestion?
   conclusion:secondary infections keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain.
   suggestion: all patients who are disgnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their           treatment.
2. what to support the conclusion?
   an experiments of a two-group-contrast

3. flaws:
1.two groups, without details. perhaps the patient of the first group are young man and healthy, the second one are very old.
2.even antibiotics are advised, it should not be all: pregnant, etc.

1.实验未必可靠
1）实验对照组太少，也许第一组康复得快并非抗生素在起作用，而是两组人的身体状况以及受伤程度不同：必须在同样的条件下进行比较，否则无可比性。、
2）两个医生的水平以及接受的医疗条件是否接近，否则无可比性
2.即使实验可靠，但未必能证明猜想
1）即使实验可靠，但是只证明了抗生素对治愈有积极作用，不说明二次感染延误痊愈时间
3.即使能证明猜想，但建议所有病人都服用抗生素是不明智的，应该区别对待，有些病人不适合用抗生素，例如孕妇。

This letter claims that secondary infections prevent some patients from recovering quickly after severe muscle strain and advise all muscle strain patients to take antibiotics. They use an experiment to support the claim and suggestion. It seems convincing. However, by careful analyze, there are some flaws and make the conclusion and suggestion unconvincing.

First of all, the conclusion of the experiment is questionable.

Obviously, the experiment is not well constructed. There are only two contrast groups. It can be the case that the people in the first group are all healthy young men, while the guys of the second group are feeble old men. It's reasonable that healthy young men recover much quickly than feeble old men. Therefore, in such case, the experiment tells nothing about the effect of antibiotics. It is just a trivial proof of the fact that young people usually healthy than old people.

Even the body conditions and healthy situations of the two contrast groups are almost the same, there are still some problems left. Do the two groups accept the same curement except antibiotics? If not, it probable that the first group get recovered quickly than expected because of excellent medical conditions, while the second group accept common medical curement. In such case, it's unconvinced to draw the conclusion. To make the experiment acceptable, the experiment should be careful constructed and more contrast groups are needed.

Secondly, even the experiment is accepted, it is not suffice to prove the hypothesis. The experiment, at the most, can only prove the positive effect on the curement of muscle strain, it doesn't indicate that secondly infections prevent muscle strain patients from recovering quickly than expected. As what the result of the experiment shows, without antibiotics, average recuperation time of the second group is not significantly decreased. However, it does not indicate that the average recuperation time of the second group is increased. Therefore, there is the possibility that secondly infections have no negative effects in many cases.

Thirdly, despite of discussing whether the hypothesis can be proved by the experiment or not, it is not wised to advised all muscle strain patients to take antibiotics for two reasons.

The first reason is, some muscle strain patients don't hurt seriously, there is no need for them to take antibiotics. It is enough for them to get recovered quickly by just taking some common curement. As we know, we should not take antibiotics unless necessary. If we take too much one kind of antibiotics, it will take no effect on us anymore. When the day we really need this kind of antibiotics to kill for special curement comes, we will be hopeless to find that the antibiotics is useless for us at all.

Second, even for seriously hurt patients, they should not take antibiotics before making clear that the antibiotics have no dangerous consequences for them. For example, some antibiotics are dangerous for pregnant, taking them will lead to abortion or even loss of life. Therefore, the advice the author made can be dangerous during some situations!

In sum, the conclusion the author made is not convincing, and the advice is not acceptable. To rectify it, new experiment should be contrived and execute, with enough contrast groups including different cases. In order to verify whether this kind of antibiotics is suitable for all the muscle patients, negative effect tests must be taken to check whether all such patient is safe to take it.

lossingzoneUID: 2519545

多谢哈！（试试能不能发帖）

lossingzoneUID: 2519545

辛苦搂主了。。。

忘了密码的EUID: 2354139

Admittly, there are untold issues that cannot be handled by legal system. However, not all the moral behavior cannot be legislated.把这两句合起来会不会比较好 As a matter of fact, moral and laws and closely related, legal system usally reflect the main stream of the comtempory moral system, while moral behaviors can rise to laws under certain conditions.

Laws, represents the behalf of dominators, also a mirror of the comtempory moral system. 这句子有点乱 Laws not only represent on the behalf of rulers, but also function as a mirror of the contempory moral systerm. Usually, the most important aspects of moral systems will be legislated. For example, killing, stealing, robbing, etc, these behaviors are both inhibited prohibited by moral system and legal systems. As a result, legal system is compatible with moral system in most of the cases. From this point of view, laws can solve many issues include including most(?) moral problems.

However, there are still many moral problems that cannot be solved by laws. What can be dealt with by laws? What cannot be dealt with by laws? Roughly speaking, the legal system is a set a of rugulations that prohibits people from invading others' proper interests 有invade interests这个用法吗, while the moral system is a set of rules which not only prohibit people invade others' proper interests but also advise peole to do something good to others and the society. Therefore, if a person does something that is not admitted morally morally unacceptable, while not invades others' interests, then laws usually can do nothing to regulate him/she her. For instance, if a person robs, then he/she invades the benifits of others and breaks the law. If a person observes a robber is robbing but does nothing to help the victim, then this person would be condamned by the moral system, but will not be punish by law. Good example Similary, there are many other examples to illustrate the fact that many problems cannot be solved by laws.

Yet, the fact that many problems cannot be handled by laws doesn't 学术写作别用缩写 indicate moral behaviors cannot be legislated forever. As a matter of fact, legal system is not static but dynamic, it develops all the time. The development of legal system in essence is the legislation of moral behaviors. For a decromoncy society, the mojority of the laws reflect moral regulations. If needed, a moral regulation legislated.句子没写全 Take internet crime for example, at the beginning of internet when internet first appeared, there are was no laws law about internet crime. Even cheat money 诈骗是fraud via internet wouldn't would not get any punish punishment except moral condamn. However, as the development of internet, more and more internet crime came out. At this time, the society called for laws to regulate such behaviors, and then various laws related to internet are made. There are untold such examples 啥意思这个 直接写Many other examples also showed that, all show that moral behavior can be legislated as the development of society as the society develops.

In sum, the viewpoint that moral behaviors cannot be legislated is too absolute and static. It doesn't does not realize the fact that each thing of this world is static, but dynamic. Laws is not static, moral is not static either. As the development of them, nothing is impossible! Moral behaviors can turn into laws, while laws would can be abandoned.

忘了密码的EUID: 2354139

没有secondly infection这种说法
缩写问题
有的句子太短了 可以合并
整个结构有点混乱 个人觉得试验的问题可以合并在一段说

This letter claims that secondary infections prevent some patients from recovering quickly after severe muscle strain and advise all muscle strain patients to take antibiotics. They use an experiment to support the claim and suggestion. It seems convincing. However, by careful analyze, there are some flaws and make the conclusion and suggestion unconvincing. 两句合并

First of all, the conclusion of the experiment is questionable.

Obviously, the experiment is not well constructed. There are only two contrast groups.这句话没什么用 It can be the case that the people in the first group are all healthy young men, while the guys of the second group are feeble old men. It's reasonable that healthy young men recover much quickly than feeble old men. Therefore, in such case, the experiment tells nothing about the effect of antibiotics. It is just a trivial proof of the fact that young people usually healthy than old people.

Even the body conditions and healthy health situations of the two contrast把contrast删了可以 groups are almost the same, there are still some problems left. Do the two groups accept receive the same curement except antibiotics? If not, it probable is possible that the first group get recovered quickly faster than expected because of excellent medical conditions, while the second group accept get common medical curement. In such case, it's unconvinced to draw the conclusion that.... To make the experiment acceptable reasonable, the experiment should be careful constructed and more contrast control groups are needed.

Secondly, even the experiment is accepted, it is not suffice to prove the hypothesis. The experiment, at the most, can only prove the positive effect on the curement of muscle strain, it doesn't indicate that secondly infections prevent muscle strain patients from recovering quickly than expected. As what the result of the experiment shows, without antibiotics, average recuperation time of the second group is not significantly decreased. However, it does not indicate that the average recuperation time of the second group is increased. Therefore, there is the possibility that secondly infections have no negative effects in many cases.

Thirdly, despite of discussing whether the hypothesis can be proved by the experiment or not, it is not wised wise to advised advise all muscle strain patients to take antibiotics for two reasons.

The first reason is, some muscle strain patients don't hurt seriously, there is no need for them to take antibiotics. It is enough for them to get recovered quickly by just taking some common curement. As we know, we should not take antibiotics unless necessary. If we take too much one kind of antibiotics, it will take no effect on us anymore. When the day we really need this kind of antibiotics to kill for special curement comes, we will be hopeless to find that the antibiotics is useless for us at all. antibiotics并不是为了辅助治疗muscle strain本身的 而是治疗muscle strain引发的二次感染的

Second, even for seriously hurt patients, they should not take antibiotics before making clear that the antibiotics have no dangerous consequences for them. For example, some antibiotics are dangerous for pregnant, taking them will lead to abortion or even loss of life. Therefore, the advice the author made can be dangerous during some situations!

In sum, the conclusion the author made is not convincing, and the advice is not acceptable. To rectify it, new experiment should be contrived and execute, with enough contrast groups including different cases. In order to verify whether this kind of antibiotics is suitable for all the muscle patients, negative effect tests must be taken to check whether all such patient is safe to take it.