[活动] 和我一起从头开始准备10fall——申请相关所有文书信件的写作系列 1-3 [复制链接]

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发表于 2009-7-10 00:42:03 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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Audience Analysis

This resource was written by H. Allen Brizee and Katy A. Schmaling.
Last full revision by .
Last edited by Dana Lynn Driscoll on July 18th 2007 at 2:52PM
Summary: Audience Analysis: Building Information About Your Readers? discusses your communication's complex audience and provides key questions you can ask to determine readers' needs, values, and attitudes. This section also provides useful charts to help you with your audience analysis.

Audience Analysis Overview

这个section居然全选中蓝色了，太重要了！是我们做文书写作之前，务必要在脑子里牢记的！

In order to compose persuasive, user-centered communication, you should gather as much information as possible about the people reading your document. Your audience may consist of different people who may have different needs and expectations. In other words, you may have a complex audience in all the stages of your document's lifecycle—the development stage, the reading stage, and the action stage:

Development Stage

·Primary author (you)
·Secondary author (a technical expert within your organization)
·Secondary author (a budget expert within your organization)
·Gatekeeper (your supervisor)

Reading Stage

·Primary audience (decision maker, primary point of contact, project lead, etc.)
·Secondary audience (technical expert within audience's organization)
·Shadow audience (others who may read your communication)

Action Stage

·Stakeholders (people who may read your communication, but more importantly, those who will be affected by the decisions based on the information you provide)
Keep in mind that documents may not go through a clear, three-step process. Instead, the lifecycle of your communication may consist of overlapping stages of evolution. User-centered writing calls for close cooperation between those who are composing the documents, those who will read and act upon the documents, and those who will be affected by the actions.

The Development Stage

Audience Analysis

A helpful way of gathering information about your readers is to conduct an audience analysis. Depending on the purpose and needs of your documents, you may perform a brief audience profile or an in-depth audience analysis (or something in between). You may expand or contract the following process to match your situation, but remember that the more you know about your potential readers, the more persuasive and user-centered your documents may be.

Some key questions (adapted from Johnson-Sheehan's Technical Communication Today) to ask about your readers are:

·Who are they?
·What do they need?
·Where will they be reading?
·When will they be reading?
·Why will they be reading?
·How will they be reading?

Meeting frequently (in person and/or virtually) with members of your audience to discuss their needs and expectations will also help you compose your documents. The following reader analysis chart (adapted from Johnson-Sheehan) is effective for investigating your audience

附件：

References
Anderson, Paul V. Technical Communication: A Reader-Centered Approach. 6th ed. Boston: Thomson-Wadsworth, 2007.
Johnson-Sheehan, Richard. Technical Communication Today. New York: Pearson-Longman, 2005.

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