ETS对不同层次提高托福成绩最权威的建议

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不少网友在进行模考或练习后，看到已有的成绩不知下一步如何进行。。。。
ETS 对托福考试和TOP成绩有评分标准和对能力的评价，
其实，ETS另外还有针对不同层次的考生提出了提高的建议（不是评分表后面的）。
对每一个考试科目，分高中低几个档次提出建议，给出了不同的关注点，大家可以参考。
阅读篇
HIGH (22 – 30)对高分者的建议
Read as much and as often as possible.
Make sure to include academic texts on a variety of topics written in different genres and with different
degrees of conceptual density as part of your reading.  增加阅读的难度和种类
■ Read major newspapers, such as The New York Times or Science
Times, and websites (National Public Radio [NPR] or the BBC).  阅读大量新闻
■ Write summaries of texts, making sure they incorporate the
organizational pattern of the originals. 编写文章摘要
Continually expand your vocabulary. Continually practice using new words
you encounter in your reading. This will help you remember both the meaning
and correct usage of the new words.  扩大词汇并反复熟练运用
INTERMEDIATE (15–21)对阅读中等的建议
Read as much and as often as possible.
Study the organization of academic texts and overall structure of reading
passages. Read an entire passage from beginning to end.
■ Pay attention to the relationship between the main ideas and the
supporting details.  注意主旨和细节的关系
■ Outline the text to test your understanding of the structure of the
reading passage. 理解文章的组织结构
■ Write a summary of the entire passage. 写摘要
▶ If the text is a comparison, be sure that your summary reflects that.
If the text argues two points of view, be sure both points of view
are reflected in your summary.  
Continually expand your vocabulary by developing a system for recording
unfamiliar words.
■ Group words according to topic or meaning and study the words as a
list of related words.
■ Study roots, prefixes and suffixes; study word families. 词根词缀
■ Use available vocabulary resources, such as a good thesaurus or a
dictionary of collocations (words commonly used together). 词汇搭配
LOW (0 – 14)对阅读低分的建议
Read as much and as often as possible.
Develop a system for recording unfamiliar words.
■ Group words into lists according to topic or meaning and review
and study the words on a regular basis so that you remember
them.
■ Increase your vocabulary by analyzing word parts; study roots,
prefixes and suffixes; study word families.
Study the organization of academic texts and overall structure of a
reading passage. Read an entire passage from beginning to end.
■ Look at connections between sentences; look at how the end of
one sentence relates to the beginning of the next sentence.
■ Look for the main ideas and supporting details and pay
attention to the relationship between them.
■ Outline a text to test your understanding of the structure of a
reading passage.
▶ Begin by grouping paragraphs that address the same concept.
▶ Write one sentence summarizing the paragraphs that discuss
the same idea.
▶ Write a summary of the entire passage.
听力篇
HIGH (22 – 30)对听力高分的建议
Further develop your listening ability with daily practice in listening in English
and by challenging yourself with increasingly lengthy listening selections
and more complex listening material.
■ Listen to different kinds of materials on a variety of topics:
▶ Focus on topics that are new to you.
▶ Listen to academic lectures and public talks.
▶ Listen to audio and video material on TV, radio and the Internet.
▶ Listen to programs with academic content, such as NOVA, BBC
and NPR broadcasts.
▶ Listen to conversations, phone calls and phone recordings.
▶ Take live and audio-recorded tours (e.g., of museums).
■ Listen actively:
▶ Take notes as you listen for main ideas and important details.
▶ Make predictions about what you will hear next.
▶ Summarize.
▶ Write down new words and expressions.
■ For the more difficult material you have chosen to listen to, listen
several times:
1. First listen for the main ideas and key details;
2. Then listen again to fill in gaps in your understanding; to
understand the connections between ideas, the structure of the talk
and the speakers’ attitude; and to distinguish fact from opinion.
INTERMEDIATE (14 – 21)听力中等的
Practice listening in English daily. Gradually increase the amount of time
that you spend listening, the length of the listening selections and the diffi
culty of the material.
■ Listen to different kinds of materials on a variety of topics:
▶ Start with familiar topics; then move to topics that are new to you.
▶ Listen to audio and video material on tape/DVD or recorded from
TV, radio and the Internet.
▶ Listen to programs with academic content, such as NOVA, BBC and
NPR broadcasts.
▶ Listen to conversations and phone recordings.
■ Listen actively:
▶ Take notes as you listen for main ideas and important details.
▶ Ask yourself about basic information (Who? What? When? Where?
Why? How?).
▶ Make predictions about what you will hear next.
▶ Summarize.
▶ Write down new words and expressions.
■ For more difficult material, listen several times:
1. First listen with English subtitles, if they are available;
2. Then, without subtitles, listen for the main ideas and key details;
3. Then listen again to fill in gaps in your basic understanding and to
understand the connections between ideas, the structure of the talk
and the speakers’ attitude.
LOW (0 – 13)听力低分的
Practice listening in English daily. Gradually increase the amount of
time that you spend listening, as well as the length of the individual
listening selections.
■ Listen to different kinds of materials on a variety of topics.
▶ Listen to recordings on topics that are familiar to you.
▶ Listen to recordings of English lessons.
▶ Listen to audio and video material on tape/DVD or recorded
from TV, radio and the internet.
▶ Listen to short programs with some academic content.
▶ Listen to conversations and phone recordings.
■ Listen actively:
▶ Take notes as you listen for main ideas and important details.
▶ Ask yourself about basic information (Who? What? When?
Where? Why? How?).
▶ Make predictions about what you will hear next.
▶ Summarize.
▶ Write down new words and expressions.
■ Listen several times to each recording:
1. First listen with English subtitles, if they are available;
2. Then, without subtitles, listen for the main ideas and key details;
3. Then listen again to fill in gaps in your basic understanding and
to understand the connections between ideas.
口语Speaking About Familiar Topics
GOOD (3.5 – 4.0)
Look for opportunities to speak to native speakers
of English. Interaction with others will improve
your speaking ability.
■ Ask a native speaker to provide feedback on
your pronunciation problems (if any).
FAIR (2.5 – 3.0)
Think about topics related to student life (what
type of classes you enjoy taking, what is the
best place to study, where you would prefer to
live [dorm or off campus]).
■ Write down two reasons to explain your
preference; practice speaking for one
minute about each topic, using connecting
words or phrases to help explain your
opinion (“the reason I prefer,” “this is
important to me because”).
Practice speaking for a limited time on different
topics without a lot of preparation. Make a list
of some general speaking topics (people you
admire, places you enjoy visiting, things you
enjoy doing).
■ Then think of a specific example for each
topic (a parent, the market, reading books).
■ Talk about each one for one minute,
explaining what you admire or enjoy
about each.
■ Repeat your responses to each topic two or
three times to build up fluency.
LIMITED (1.5 – 2.0)
Give yourself about 20 seconds to think about
what you did yesterday. After 20 seconds, begin
to recount what you did. Try to talk for one
minute.
■ Pay attention to your use of the past tense.
■ Try to use connecting words and phrases,
such as “first,” “then,” “while I was.”
Give yourself about 20 seconds to think about
what you will probably do tomorrow. Try to talk
for one minute. After 20 seconds, begin to talk
about what you are planning to do.
WEAK (0 – 1.0)
Practice speaking about different topics without
a lot of preparation.
Write down several questions about various
topics (for example, about your family, your
hobbies, your friends or your school). Select a
question and answer it aloud.
Think of a story that you are familiar with. Tell
the story to several different people. Try to tell
the story faster each time.
口语Speaking About Campus Situations
GOOD (3.5 – 4.0)
Look for opportunities to build your fl uency
in English.
■ Take risks and engage others in
conversation in English whenever possible.
■ Join an Internet chat room.
FAIR (2.5 – 3.0)
Practice speaking English about everyday topics
that are important to students’ lives. This
will develop your fl uency and confi dence.
■ Find a speaking partner. Set aside time each
week to practice speaking with your partner
in English.
■ If you can’t find a native English speaker,
find a friend who wants to practice
speaking English and promise to speak only
English for a certain period of time.
■ Read articles from campus newspapers that
can be found on the Internet. Discuss the
articles with a speaking partner or friend.
Practice summarizing the articles and
expressing your opinions about the articles.
LEVEL
LIMITED (1.5 – 2.0)
Develop friendships with people who want to
speak English with you. Interaction with others
will improve your speaking ability. If you can’t
fi nd a native speaker, fi nd a friend who wants to
practice speaking English and promise to speak
only English for a certain period of time.
WEAK (0 – 1.0)
Take a conversation class. This will help improve
your fl uency and pronunciation in English.


口语Speaking About Academic Course Content
GOOD (3.5 – 4.0)
Record yourself and then listen and transcribe
what you said.
■ Read a short article from a newspaper or
textbook. Record yourself summarizing
the article.
■ Transcribe the recording and review the
transcription. Think about other ways to say
the same thing.
FAIR (2.5 – 3.0)
Practice speaking for a limited time on different
academic topics.
■ Read a short article from a newspaper or
a textbook. Write down key content words
from the article.
■ Write down 2 or 3 questions about the
article that include the content words.
■ Practice answering the questions aloud.
Try to include the content words in
your response.
■ After practicing, record your answers to
the questions.
LIMITED (1.5 – 2.0)
Practice speaking about current events.
■ Read newspaper articles, editorials and
cultural events in English. Share the
information that you read with a friend
in English.
■ Visit a university class and take notes in
the class. Then use your notes to tell a
friend about some of the information you
heard in English.
■ Develop your academic vocabulary. Write
down important new words that you come
across while reading or listening and
practice pronouncing them.
■ Listen to a weather report and take notes
on what you heard. Then give the weather
report to a friend in English.
WEAK (0 – 1.0)
Increase your vocabulary and improve your
grammar in your speech.
■ Study basic grammar rules so that your
speech is grammatically correct.
■ As you learn new words and expressions,
practice pronouncing them clearly. Record
yourself as you practice.
小作文的建议
GOOD (4.0 – 5.0)
Continue to improve your ability to relate and
convey information from two or more sources.
For example, practice analyzing reading passages
in English.
■ Read two articles or chapters on the same
topic or issue, write a summary of each,
and then explain the ways they are similar
and the ways they are different.
■ Practice combining listening and reading by
searching for readings related to talks and
lectures with teacher or a friend.
FAIR (2.5 – 3.5)
Practice fi nding main points.
■ Ask a friend to record news and
informational programs in English from the
television or radio, or download talks or
lectures from the Internet.
▶ Listen and take notes. Stop the
recording about every 30 seconds to
write out a short summary of what you
heard.
▶ Replay the recording to check your
summary. Mark places where you are
not sure if you have understood what
was said or if you are not sure you have
expressed yourself well.
LEVEL
LIMITED (1.0 – 2.0)
Read and listen to academic articles and other
material in your own language. Take notes
about what you read and hear.
■ Begin by taking notes in your own language
and then take notes in English.
■ Summarize the points in complete English
sentences.
■ Ask your teacher to review your writing and
help you correct your errors.
■ Gradually decrease the time it takes
you to read the material and write these
summaries.
■ Practice typing on a standard English
(QWERTY) keyboard.

大作文的建议
GOOD (4.0 – 5.0)
Continue to improve your ability to express
opinions by studying the ways that published
writers express their opinions.
■ Read articles and essays written by
professional writers that express opinions
about an issue (for example, a social,
environmental or educational issue).
▶ Identify the writer’s opinion or opinions.
▶ Notice how the writer addresses
possible objections to the opinions, if the
writer discusses these.
FAIR (2.5 – 3.5)
Write a response to an article or essay in English,
taking the opposite viewpoint.
■ Outline your response.
■ Note the methods you use to support your
ideas.
Reread what you have written.
■ Make sure your supporting ideas are clearly
related to your main point.
■ Note what method you use to develop each
of your supporting points.
■ Make sure you have developed each of your
points in detail. Is there anything more you
could have said to strengthen your points

LIMITED (1.0 – 2.0)
Study the organization of good paragraphs and
essays. A good paragraph discusses ONE main
idea. This idea is usually written in the fi rst sentence,
which is called the topic sentence. In essay
writing, each paragraph should discuss one
aspect of the main idea of an essay.
■ Write paragraphs in English that focus on
one main idea and contain several complete
sentences that explain or support that idea.
■ Ask your teacher to review your paragraphs
for correctness.

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