Argument188 考前3天求拍，留链回拍！！

bingfei09UID: 2341452

TOPIC: ARGUMENT188 - A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids-a painkiller-to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.
WORDS: 478
TIME: 00:29:54
DATE: 2009-8-14 10:04:36

Having relied on a dubious study and a series of reasoning without considering other possible alternatives, the author believes that kappa opioids (ko) should be prescribed for women as long as pain medication is required; while men should not. Moreover the author also concludes that all medication should be reevaluated the effects on men versus women. A close examination, however, will show the conclusion is unfounded.

To begin with, the level of pain reported by the patients may not reflect their actual level of pain. As we know, the definition of "pain" depends on personal feeling. There is a chance that some women also felt much pain as the men. Yet they did not take it seriously and reported; while some men just felt uncomfortable, not the feeling of pain but they still reported. If so, the conclusion based on the study is unconvincing.

Even if the study is reliable, the author unfairly assumes that the different level pain is due to ko, rather than due to other possibilities. However, it is possible that the physical conditions of different people contribute to this result. Perhaps, the men are likely to smoke and drink, while the women in the study do exercise regularly and eat healthily. In this sense, the much less pain in the women may result from the healthy lifestyle and good physical condition instead of ko. Without respond to this concern, the author's conclusion is dubious.

Even if the effects of ko is effective when it is prescribed for people who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the effects could not be hastily generalized to all conditions whenever pain medication is required. In fact different parts of pain in body may influence the effect of ko. It is entirely possible that ko is only effective to women when they are having their teeth extracted. In any other circumstances, such as when they have pain in the heads or stomachs, the ko is actually ineffective even has reverse effects to women. On the contrary, when the men have the head pains, Ko is the most effective medication.

Finally, even if we concede that the effect of ko should be considered discriminatingly, the author take it for granted that all medication should be reevaluated on men versus women, which, however, may not be the case. Perhaps some medications have already been testified by scientists that they are equally effective no matter for men or women. Before the author can provide sufficient evidence to prove the necessity to reevaluate all medication, i cannot take this conclusion seriously. After all it is entirely likely no necessary but only to cost a lot of money for research.

In sum, the argument is unfounded as the flaws mentioned above. Much work in needed before drawing any conclusion. Otherwise, the argument is unconvincing.

fantasticdlUID: 2561635

Sorry to use English. Sth is wrong with my Chinese Input Method
Wonderful responce! 5+! Small flaws as followed:
1. In last paragragh. Much work in needed before drawing any conclusion. "is" is omitted.
2. Perhaps you can develop a single fallacy more fully, or unite two paragragh together.

bingfei09UID: 2341452

2# fantasticdl
Thanks so much for your advice. I will take care of  these flaws nex time.