Issue87 [飞行部落第二次作业]

缪斯之心UID: 2204338

87 "In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
在所有的研究领域中，新手要比专家更有可能获得重要的发现.
诚心求拍,必回!

1专家容易陷入传统理论和过去经验，而做出错误判断；相反新人因为头脑中没有各种既定习惯和观念的约束，做事有时反而更有想象力和热情，有时会得出重大的突破。在某些特殊领域更是如此。比如在艺术研究领域，有时也是要靠研究者的灵感与艺术家的契合，所以有更多的重大成就是由初学者完成的。
2但是，知识总是有某种延续性和继承性的。因为基础知识不牢固，新手的想象常常只能是空想，创造力因此大打折扣。比如在比较文学领域之中，常常需要寻找两个作家或者两部作品之间的某种联系，才能展开进一步的inquiry。新手可以大胆提出假设，但是如果缺乏对作家作品资料的透彻掌握，很可能得不出什么结论。要注意的是，基础知识不仅仅包括概念也包括方法。因为没有经验，新手要把很多错误再犯一次。
3在有些学术领域（比如天文观测，地质研究以及某些医学领域）不仅仅需要基础知识和经验，还需要常年的观察才能积累第一手资料。

4所以，专家和初学者各有优势，都有可能取得创新和突破，但新手常会受到很多局限。总体上来说还是专家更有可能获得重要的发现。初学者要保持自己的热情，但是也要不能太过自以为是。专家也要经常和新手交流以及多了解新的思想。最理想的情况是新手和老手能共同合作，就更有可能取得成绩。


In the modern society which high praise the creativity, many people share a belief that the beginners  are more likely than the specialists to make important discoveries when they use their curiosity and imagination well. However, I believe that we should not unnecessarily extend this broad assertion to any field of inquiry, while ignoring certain compelling facts that restrict the breakthrough of the beginners.

To begin with, comparing with the beginners, there is no denying that the experts are more likely to become empirical and make wrong judgments about the new situation. In contrast, beginners have intense curiosity about the unknown and great courage to try new things, so sometimes they can make important discoveries with their enthusiastic, especially in some special fields. The most extreme manifestation of that is the inquiry of painting, is frequently depend on the similarity of the critic and artist' inspiration. Obviously, the fledgling will enlighten more easily in the air of freedom. For that reason, the beginners may accomplish great discoveries when they are still young.

However, the statements should be made under a case-by-case analysis. Knowledge has its inheritance which any inquiry field depends. Lacking sufficient fundamental knowledge, the new researcher's imagination will only a utopia in the dream, the creative idea will only an absurd assumption. This can be illustrated briefly by comparative literature .Some relationships about two or more works are need to be found in this new flourishing subject. Even if the beginners adventure a creative opinion, without a more thorough investigation and sufficient information, they may not reach a perceptive conclusion. Moreover, most important of all, the basic knowledge not only includes the concepts but also the technologies. The scarcity in  experience is it why the beginners always make a lot of mistakes in the inquiry.

Finally, if we turn our attention to other fields, we will find that some of them not only need basic knowledge, but also require researchers observe everyday to collect accurate data and information, such as astronomy and geology. It is almost impossible for a beginner to make important discoveries in such subjects. In fact, Kepler watched the star imagine and work on the data everyday for 20 years before he discovered the Kepler's laws. At the risk of sounding cold, it is almost impossible for a person who set heart on this subject to achieve his/ her aim until he/her laid a solid foundation.


In sum, the beginners and the experts all have their advantage, so they both can make great breakthroughs. However, due to the restrictions the beginners meet, the expert has more opportunity in important discoveries. In my view, the beginners should keep their enthusiastic, but try to not consider they always right .Meanwhile; this is good sense for the experts in communicating with the new beginners as much as possible. If so, the knowledge and the inspiration may serve as an effective way when they work together.

[ 本帖最后由 缪斯之心 于 2006-8-2 00:10 编辑 ]