Argument117 ［勇往直前小组］第三次作业by269750640

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TOPIC: ARGUMENT117 - The following is a memo from the business manager of Valu-Mart stores.
"Over 70 percent of the respondents to a recent survey reported that they are required to
take more work home with them from the workplace than they were in the past. Since Valu-Mart
has not seen impressive sales in its office-supply departments in the past, we should take
advantage of this work-at-home trend by increasing at all Valu-Mart stores the stock of home
office machines such as printers, small copy machines, paper shredders, and fax machines. We
will also increase stock of office supplies such as paper, pens, and staplers. With these
changes, our office-supply departments will become the most profitable component of our
stores."
WORDS: 367          TIME: 上午 12:29:49          DATE: 2007-7-22
In the argument above , the arguer claims that they should increase the stock of home office
machines and increase stock of office supplies to make their office-supply departments be
the most profitable component of their stores. to make the deduction more clear , the
conclusion could be divided into following sub-ones1)in this trend, tremendous office
machines and office supplies  would  be need 2)  our department would surely be the most
profitable component of Valu-Mart stores  ,after close scrutiny of the facts listed in the
arguments, little support found existing facts could lend to support the sub-conclusions.
Firstly. the arguer cites the fact that over 70 percent of the respondents would take more
work home than before to sustain that more home office machines and office supplies would be
needed, however, it suffers from several faults.
    First. there is no exact description of the increasing amount of consumers. arguer just
points out more worker would work home than before ,while without knowing the number before
,we could not indicate it will be worth to stock lots of machines and supplies which would
increasing other fees,
Second. even enough people would work home. Imagine that if workers go home just do their
work on computer and print or fax their works out in the second day morning when they reach
company ,in this circumstance, there would be no need of office machines and according
supplies. Even they would buy home office machines and supplies, while the total amount of
work would keep the same, which means the total consuming of paper and pens would change
little. some of its stocks is not necessary ,
accordingly, the first sub-view is cursory .
Secondly, even the first sub-view is founded, there is weak connection between the
increasing demand and the necessity that this department will be the most profitable, there
are several faults in this sub-conclusion, It is possible that although tremendous people
would like to work home, they would not buy the machines from us. Indeed from the argument,
we know that Valu-Mart has a impressive sales before, it might even imply it was not welcome
by customers, if so, people will be apt to buy the office machines from VM' competitors .in
short ,the increasing of market still could not promise its profits, other than being the
most profitable components.
In sum, the conclusion lacks of credibility, only the arguer could provide more evidence to
resolve the fallacies above, the conclusion could be persuasive.
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178(17).The following appeared in the annual report from the president of the National Brush
Company.
"In order to save money, we at the National Brush Company have decided to pay our employees
for each brush they produce instead of for the time they spend producing brushes. We believe
that this policy will lead to the production of more and better brushes, will allow us to
reduce our staff size, and will enable the company factories to operate for fewer hours-
resulting in savings on electricity and security costs. These changes will ensure that the
best workers keep their jobs and that the company will earn a profit in the coming year."
为节省开支，我们National Brush公司决定不再按员工生产刷子的工时支付工资，而是按他们生产刷子的
数量来支付。我们相信这一政策将会导致刷子产量和质量的提高，将会减少我们的员工数量，并将会使工
厂能够减少运营时间从而导致电费和保安费用的节省。这些改革将保证那些最好的工人留在这里工作，公
司将会在来年有更多的盈利。
1 pay our employees for each brush they produce instead of for the time they spend producing
brushes can make profit
A this policy will lead to the production of more and better brushes
B reduce our staff size, and will enable the company factories to operate for fewer hours-
resulting in savings on electricity and security costs
C the best workers keep their jobs and that the company will earn a profit in the coming
year
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161.In a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens conducted by the University of
Leeville, most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material.
However, a follow-up study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book
most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Leeville was the mystery
novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had
misrepresented their reading habits.
在一次由Leeville大学所举行的关于Leeville居民阅读习惯的调查中，多数被访者说他们倾向于阅读古典
文学。然而，由相同的研究人员随后进行的调查发现Leeville所有公共图书馆中最经常被借阅的书是神秘
小说。因此，我们可以得出结论，第一次调查的被访者错误地表达了他们的阅读习惯
1the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.
A:a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens conducted by the University of Leeville,
most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material.
B:a follow-up study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most
frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Leeville was the mystery novel.
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202.Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most
of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become
extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is
no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further,
archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded,
but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot
have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must
have caused the species' extinctions.
大约7000年前人类到达了Kaliko岛，在3000年内曾经生活在Kaliko岛的树林中的大型哺乳动物绝大多数已
经灭绝了。然而人类并不是导致这些物种灭绝的因素，因为没有证据表明人类与这些哺乳动物有很多接触
。而且，考古学家发现一些有大量鱼骨被抛弃的场所，而他们并没有发现存在大型哺乳动物骨头的类似场
所，因而人类并没有猎杀这些哺乳动物。因此，一定是一些气候上的变化或其他环境因素导致了这些物种
的灭绝。
哺乳动物没有被猎杀
1 没有类似鱼骨的动物骨头类似场所
2 人类与哺乳动物没有很多接触
其他因素也会导致
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133.(19)The following is a memo from the principal of Academia High School.
"Academia High School should abolish its after-school performing-arts programs and replace
them with computer-technology programs. When nearby Techno High School did so last year,
total enrollment in all of its after-school activities remained about the same. Moreover, on
entering college, many Techno students chose a major directly related to their after-school
activities. On the other hand, last year only 10 percent of Academia's graduating seniors
chose performing arts as their major field of study in their first year of college, clearly
indicating that most students do not have a strong interest in the performing arts."
Academia高中应该废止其课外表演艺术课程而应该以计算机科技课程取而代之。当附近的Techno高中去年
采取了这种变化之后，其所有课外活动的参加数量基本没变。而且，很多Techno的学生在走进大学的时候
选择了与他们所参加的课外活动直接相关的专业。另一方面，去年Academia的毕业生中只有10％的人选择
表演艺术作为他们大学第一年的专业，这显然表明多数学生对于表演艺术并没有很强烈的兴趣。
对艺术没有强烈兴趣
A 课外活动数量基本没有变
B 只有10％的人选择表演艺术作为他们大学第一年的专业

[ 本帖最后由 269750640 于 2007-7-22 18:46 编辑 ]

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